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Knox  Joseph A.  Kumar  Vishal  Conrad  Miles B.  Nanavati  Sujal  Moore  Teri  Wilson  Mark 《Emergency radiology》2022,29(3):605-609
Emergency Radiology - Access to multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) scanning for interventional procedures can prove to be logistically challenging as resources are often in different areas...  相似文献   
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Despite the advances in the medical care, tuberculosis (TB) still remains an important health problem. This is particularly relevant to the developing countries as well as the immunocompromised population in the developed world. Multidrug resistance poses another challenge and may be responsible for increasing incidence of TB, to some extent. The respiratory system is the most commonly involved, although any organ system may be affected. Abdominal involvement occurs in 11–12% of the patients with extrapulmonary TB. The clinical features of abdominal TB are nonspecific. Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of abdominal TB. Although a few imaging features strongly favour the possibility of TB, abdominal TB is a greater masquerader. In this review, we highlight the entire spectrum of the manifestations of abdominal tuberculosis (excluding the genitourinary involvement) with an emphasis on imaging findings.  相似文献   
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Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in 90% to 100% of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). The overexpression of EGFR and its ligand transforming growth factor is associated with poorer survival. EGFR inhibitors such as Cetuximab (Erbitux) have shown a significant antitumoral effect in SCCHN and has improved locoregional control and as well as survival. Even though there was some success with Cetuximab, work with other EGFR inhibition has not been very fruitful and not really shown any promise. Mechanism of action of Cetuximab could be immune-mediated rather than EGFR inhibition and EGFR may not necessarily be a therapeutic target in SCCHN.  相似文献   
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Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) is a juvenile form of ischemic femoral head osteonecrosis, which produces chronic hip synovitis, permanent femoral head deformity, and premature osteoarthritis. Currently, there is no medical therapy for LCPD. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is significantly elevated in the synovial fluid of patients with LCPD. We hypothesize that IL-6 elevation promotes chronic hip synovitis and impairs bone healing after ischemic osteonecrosis. We set out to test if anti-IL-6 therapy using tocilizumab can decrease hip synovitis and improve bone healing in the piglet model of LCPD. Fourteen piglets were surgically induced with ischemic osteonecrosis and assigned to two groups: the no treatment group (n = 7) and the tocilizumab group (15 to 20 mg/kg, biweekly intravenous injection, n = 7). All animals were euthanized 8 weeks after the induction of osteonecrosis. Hip synovium and femoral heads were assessed for hip synovitis and bone healing using histology, micro-CT, and histomorphometry. The mean hip synovitis score and the number of synovial macrophages and vessels were significantly lower in the tocilizumab group compared with the no treatment group (p < .0001, p = .01, and p < .01, respectively). Micro-CT analysis of the femoral heads showed a significantly higher bone volume in the tocilizumab group compared with the no treatment group (p = .02). The histologic assessment revealed a significantly lower number of osteoclasts per bone surface (p < .001) in the tocilizumab group compared with the no treatment group. Moreover, fluorochrome labeling showed a significantly higher percent of mineralizing bone surface (p < .01), bone formation rate per bone surface (p < .01), and mineral apposition rate (p = .04) in the tocilizumab group. Taken together, tocilizumab therapy decreased hip synovitis and osteoclastic bone resorption and increased new bone formation after ischemic osteonecrosis. This study provides preclinical evidence that tocilizumab decreases synovitis and improves bone healing in a large animal model of LCPD. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).  相似文献   
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Objective

To compare the effects of the application of therapeutic heat and cold on the mechanical response of the median nerve neurodynamic testing.

Design

Single-blinded randomized crossover trial.

Methodology

56 asymptomatic university students (mean age?=?21.82?±?1.64 years) of either gender with a limited elbow extension range of motion during a Median Neurodynamic Test 1 were recruited. Each subject was administered 3 testing conditions on separate days with a 24-hr washout period. The interventions included 1) therapeutic moist heat around the elbow, 2) therapeutic cold around the elbow and 3) no thermal agent as a controlled condition. Outcome measure of elbow extension range of motion at the onset of pain and submaximal pain were recorded before the intervention, immediately after the removal of the thermal agents (20th min) and at 2 subsequent readings of 30 min and 1?hour after the removal of the thermal agent.

Results

There was a significant effect of using a thermal agent with time on the elbow range of motion at the onset of pain [F(2,165)?=?3.622, p?=?0.029] and submaximal pain[F(2,165)?=?3.841, p?=?0.023] at the 20th min. A posthoc comparison indicated that at the 20th min the mean elbow range at the onset of pain and submaximal pain for the therapeutic heat condition (mean?=?33.5, S.D?=?13.37 and mean?=?16.80, S.D?=?12.99 respectively) was significantly different than the no thermal agent condition (mean?=?40.17, S.D?=?12.34 and mean?=?23.4, S.D?=?13.82 respectively). However, therapeutic cold condition did not significantly differ from both the other conditions.

Conclusion

Therapeutic heat causes an immediate increase in elbow extension range of motion during a Median Neurodynamic Test1 and testing post the application of thermal agents can alter the test response.  相似文献   
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