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Sport Sciences for Health - Experiencing pain during the withdrawal period is one of the most significant complications of addiction to opioids. Thus, the main objective of the current study was to...  相似文献   
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Inflammopharmacology - Severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is associated with dysregulated immune response and extreme inflammatory injury. Considering the role of insulin growth factor-1...  相似文献   
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Actinic keratoses are rough patches of skin caused by years of sun damage. There is a small risk that AK patches could progress into a form of skin cancer called cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (cSCC). Treatment of AK might therefore provide an effective strategy for cSCC prevention, although this theory has not been rigorously tested. Also, the patient perspective on potential benefits of AK treatment in terms of skin cancer reduction has received little attention to date. Treatments for AK include freezing with liquid nitrogen (cryotherapy), surgical removal, topical treatments such as creams or gels (5-fluorouracil, imiquimod, ingenol mebutate gel, diclofenac and retinoic acid), photodynamic (light) therapy, or laser treatment. The aims of this study were (i) to investigate patient preferences for topical treatments for AK using a discrete-choice experiment (DCE); (ii) to evaluate patient willingness to trade between clinical benefit (i.e. how well it works) and medical burden (e.g. inconvenience and unwanted side effects). 109 patients were presented with a series of choices between two hypothetical topical treatments for AK, and a ‘no treatment’ opt-out option in each choice set. Different attributes of the hypothetical treatments related to the burden of medication, (intensity and length of treatment, severity of local skin reaction, and occurrence of flu-like side effects) and the efficacy of treatment (improvement in skin appearance and reduction in skin cancer risk). The analysis of the data is complex, but showed that most patients would be prepared to accept a lower reduction in skin cancer risk (e.g. a 50% reduction in the risk of skin cancer as opposed to a 60% reduction in the risk) and reduced efficacy of treatment (e.g. 50% clearance of AK lesions as opposed to 100% clearance) in order to reduce the length and intensity of the regimen, and side effects including skin inflammation and pain. This highlights the importance for doctors of taking individual patient preferences into account, to improve their views of their AK treatment and the likelihood that they will stick with their treatment.  相似文献   
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Abstract

Background: Several studies have examined the relationship between diet quality indices and colorectal cancer (CRC). However, data on the association of these indices and colorectal adenomas (CRA) as a precursor of CRC are scarce. Our objective was to investigate the association of Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010) and Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS) with CRC and CRA risk.

Methods: This is a hospital-based case–control study including 259 cases (129 CRC and 130 CRA patients) and 240 controls with non-neoplastic conditions. Dietary intake of subjects was examined using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. The HEI-2010 and MSDPS were then calculated based on a-priori methods. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the relationship between HEI-2010 and MSDPS and the risk of CRC and CRA.

Results: After adjustment for confounders, compared with the first tertiles, the highest tertiles of HEI-2010 and MSDPS were significantly associated with lower odds of CRC (OR?=?0.04; 95% CI?=?0.01–0.12, OR?=?0.19; 95% CI?=?0.09–0.38, respectively). Similarly, the highest tertiles of HEI-2010 (OR?=?0.04; 95% CI?=?0.08–0.32) and MSDPS (OR?=?0.19; 95% CI?=?0.17–0.58) were associated with reduced odds of CRA compared to the lowest tertiles.

Conclusion: The findings of this study suggested that a high-quality diet assessed by HEI-2010 and MSDPS is inversely associated with the risk of CRC and CRA.  相似文献   
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Background Immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) activate CD8+ T cells, eliciting both anti-cancer activity and immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The relationship of irAEs with baseline parameters and clinical outcome is unclear.Methods Retrospective evaluation of irAEs on survival was performed across primary (N = 144) and secondary (N = 211) independent cohorts of patients with metastatic melanoma receiving single agent (pembrolizumab/nivolumab—sICB) or combination (nivolumab and ipilimumab—cICB) checkpoint blockade. RNA from pre-treatment and post-treatment CD8+ T cells was sequenced and differential gene expression according to irAE development assessed.Results 58.3% of patients developed early irAEs and this was associated with longer progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) across both cohorts (log-rank test, OS: P < 0.0001). Median survival for patients without irAEs was 16.6 months (95% CI: 10.9–33.4) versus not-reached (P = 2.8 × 10−6). Pre-treatment monocyte and neutrophil counts, but not BMI, were additional predictors of clinical outcome. Differential expression of numerous gene pathway members was observed in CD8+ T cells according to irAE development, and patients not developing irAEs demonstrating upregulated CXCR1 pre- and post-treatment.Conclusions Early irAE development post-ICB is associated with favourable survival in MM. Development of irAEs is coupled to expression of numerous gene pathways, suggesting irAE development in-part reflects baseline immune activation.Subject terms: Immunotherapy, Melanoma  相似文献   
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