甘草酸对载脂蛋白E基因敲除小鼠脂质代谢及动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响

目的探讨甘草酸对载脂蛋白E基因敲除(Apo E-/-)小鼠血脂代谢及动脉粥样硬化(As)斑块的影响及可能机制。方法雌性Apo E-/-小鼠18只,随机分为对照组和甘草酸组,高脂喂养12周中,甘草酸组给予甘草酸[100 mg/(kg·d)]灌胃,对照组给予等体积生理盐水灌胃,每4周监测小鼠体重并采取小鼠禁食后眼球后静脉血,酶法测量血脂、血糖水平及血清中对氧磷酶1(PON1)活性,小鼠安乐死后取主动脉窦部作冰冻切片油红O染色、胸腹主动脉段作剖面分析脂质斑块面积。实时荧光PCR检测肝组织中基因表达水平,Western blot检测肝组织中相关蛋白的表达水平。结果高脂喂养中小鼠体重增加、血脂紊乱加重。与对照组比较,甘草酸组小鼠体重增幅、血浆甘油三酯及血糖水平均无显著差异,但血清总胆固醇水平显著降低(P0.05);与对照组比较,甘草酸降低主动脉窦及主动脉胸腹部斑块面积可达22%及21%(P0.01和P0.05)。实时荧光PCR结果显示甘草酸能显著上调肝脏脂质转运相关的B族Ⅰ型清道夫受体(SRBⅠ)及ATP结合盒转运体A1(ABCA1)的mRNA水平;其次,甘草酸可促进小鼠肝脏抗氧化酶PON1表达而升高血清中PON1活性(P0.01),并显著提高肝细胞内甲硫氨酸亚砜还原酶A(Msr A)的表达水平显示其抗氧化能力。结论甘草酸能有效阻抑Apo E-/-小鼠As的发展,其机制可能涉及对肝脏胆固醇代谢调节及抗氧化功能的改善。     

慕课在《生理学》课程教学中的应用研究

目的　探讨慕课在西藏医学生理学教学中的应用效果。方法　将西藏大学医学院2017级临床本科专业65名学生,随机分为慕课教学组（22人）、慕课PBL教学组（21人）和传统教学组（22人）。比较三组学生的随堂测试成绩和评教分数,并比较慕课团队对三种教学模式的评教分数。采用SPSS 25.0对数据进行统计分析,三组数据的比较用One-Way ANOVA。结果　随堂测试成绩各大题得分和总分数从高到低依次为：慕课PBL教学组、慕课教学组和传统教学组。除选择题和填空题外,其余各题分数和总分数比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。学生对学习兴趣、学习主动性、知识记忆、课堂情景、学习效率以及评教总分从高到低依次为：慕课PBL教学组、慕课教学组和传统教学组（P＜0.05）。相反,学生对教学互动和课堂管理的评分传统教学组高于慕课PBL教学组和慕课教学组（P＜0.05）。慕课教学团队对节约时间、节约资料、教学效率、学习目标达成、学生接受程度、提高学习兴趣、提高学习主动性和教学效果总分从高到低依次为：慕课PBL教学组、慕课教学组和传统教学组（P＜0.05）。结论　在西藏医学生理学教学中应用慕课教学可以提高教学效果和教学质量。     

Role of using two-route ulinastatin injection to alleviate intestinal injury in septicrats

Purpose

Early application of protease inhibitors through the intestinal lumen could increase survival following experimental shock by blocking the pancreatic digestive enzymes. Hence, it was hypothesized that two-route injection (intraintestinal + intravenous) of ulinastatin (UTI), a broad-spectrum protease inhibitor, could better alleviate intestinal injury than single-route injection (either intravenous or intraintestinal).

微波消解ICP-MS法测定西藏冬虫夏草中的微量元素

目的:分析和比较22个西藏不同地区冬虫夏草样品中的微量元素含量。方法:采用浓硝酸-双氧水消解冬虫夏草样品,电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定样品中钾、钠、钙、镁、铝、铁、铜、锌、锰、铬、镉、铅等12种微量元素。结果:对人体有益的钾、钠、钙、镁、铝、铁等元素含量均较为丰富,其中钾元素含量最为丰富;有9个样品的铅含量不同程度地超出了药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准的限量标准。结论:不同冬虫夏草样品中的微量元素含量存在不同程度的差异,研究结果为西藏不同地区冬虫夏草的质量评价和控制提供参考。     

Brick tea fluoride as a main source of adult fluorosis.

An epidemiological survey was conducted in Naqu County, Tibet in September 2001 to investigate the manifestations of fluorosis in adults caused by the habitual consumption of brick tea. Profiles were obtained for the total daily fluoride intake, environmental fluoride levels and average urinary fluoride concentration, and a physical examination and a skeletal radiographic study were conducted. One hundred and eleven 30-78-year-old adults were enrolled. It was found that the fluoride level of water sources in Naqu County was 0.10+/-0.03 mg/l; no evidence of fluoride air pollution was found, but the brick tea water processed foods--zamba and buttered tea--had fluoride contents of 4.52+/-0.74 mg/kg and 3.21+/-0.65 mg/l, respectively. The adult daily fluoride intake reached 12 mg, of which 99% originated from the brick tea-containing foods. The positive rate of clinical symptoms by physical examination was 89%; furthermore, 42 of the 111 subjects were diagnosed by X-ray. The positive examination rate was 83%. Although the osteosclerosis-type skeletal fluorosis (overall increased bone matrix density) affected 74%, arthropathy and arthritis affected a significant number of the patients, resulting in functional disability. The results suggest that this brick tea-type fluorosis had even more severe adverse effects on human health compared with both the water-type and coal combustion-type fluorosis that occurred in other areas of China.     

藏药“奥毛塞”的研究进展

为了“奥毛塞”在医疗、食品保健、美容等领域更好的应用，以及对“奥毛塞”的化学成分、药理作用、栽培与保健等方面的研究进展进行综述。通过文献查阅，可知奥毛塞主要成分以木脂素类和黄酮类为主，具有抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗病毒、等药理作用。在妇科疾病和营养保健、美容等方面更是有着不错的潜力。该综述可为“奥毛塞”的研究和开发提供参考。     

西藏高原地区儿童过敏性紫癜的临床分析

目的 研究西藏高原地区儿童过敏性紫癜(HSP)的临床特点.方法 以西藏山南地区人民医院收治的125例HSP患儿作为观察组,武汉市儿童医院收治的96例HSP患儿为对照组,对两组儿童HSP的发病特点、临床表现、治疗及预后进行回顾性对比分析.结果 西藏山南地区HSP患儿平均发病年龄高于对照组(PPPPPPPP>0.05).门诊随访发现复发3例(2.4%),低于对照组(16.7%,P结论 西藏高原地区儿童HSP患儿在发病特点、临床症状、实验室检查等方面与平原地区相比存在部分差异;总体预后较好,复发率较低.     

西藏自治区2014年和2020年1～69岁人群乙型肝炎血清流行病学调查分析

目的对比2014年和2020年西藏自治区(西藏)两次乙型肝炎(乙肝)血清流行病学调查结果, 评价西藏乙肝防控效果。方法两次调查均以1～、5～、15～、30～69岁常住人口HBsAg阳性率估计值计算所需样本量, 2014年和2020年所需样本量分别为7 163和4 802人。采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法抽取调查对象, 开展问卷调查并对每名调查对象采集5 ml静脉血, 检测HBsAg、抗-HBs、抗-HBc, 对HBsAg阳性标本进行复核。使用SPSS 22.0软件对调查结果进行分析, 计算各指标阳性率及其95%CI。结果 2014年共调查7 069人, 2020年共调查4 913人。2020年HBsAg、抗-HBs和抗-HBc阳性率分别为9.20%(452/4 913)、37.11%(1 823/4 913)和32.75%(1 609/4 913), 较2014年分别下降22.95%、15.54%、1.92%。1～、5～、15～、30～69岁人群HBsAg阳性率分别为2.23%(8/358)、2.85%(20/701)、6.86%(69/1 006)和12.46%(355/2 848)...     

Varied ecological environment and fluorosis in Tibetan children in the nature reserve of Mount Qomolangma

To determine the extent of brick tea consumption fluorosis in children living at elevations of 2000 and 4300 m, 519 children aged 8-15 years living in Xiege'er Town at 4300 m and Zhangmu Town at 2000 m were examined for dental fluorosis, their urinary fluoride concentration was determined, their dietary structure investigated, and the fluoride concentrations of various foods, freshwaters, soils, and fuels determined. Fifteen Tibetan families living in these two areas of the nature reserve of Mount Qomolangma were studied according to UNEP, FAO, and WHO guidelines for the study of dietary intake of chemical contaminants, Horowitz's classification and examination of dental fluorosis, and Dean's dental fluorosis index. The results demonstrated that dental fluorosis in Tibetan children living at an elevation of 2000 m was significantly lower than that of children at 4300 m (P<0.01). Higher elevation can worsen the extent of fluorosis, leading to retention of fluoride in tissues as a result of hypoxia, but fluorosis can also be associated with the deterioration of the ecological environment at high elevation and a low-level economy. Beverages and foods mixed with brick tea water are responsible for the dental fluorosis in the children.     

腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补联合胃底折叠术在西藏基层医院的临床应用

目的探讨在西藏基层医院开展腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补联合胃底折叠术的疗效及可行性。 方法回顾分析2017年7月至2019年6月于林芝市人民医院普外科41例行腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补联合胃底折叠术患者的临床资料。记录手术时间、术中出血量、术中并发症、术后住院时间以及术后并发症等情况。计量资料使用均数±标准差表示;计数资料以例数或百分比表示. 结果所有患者均顺利完成腹腔镜手术,平均手术时间为（108.0±33.3）min,平均出血量为（22.7±18.5）ml,术后平均住院时间为（3.5±2.1）d。平均随访14个月,未见复发病例。 结论在西藏基层医院开展腹腔镜食管裂孔疝修补联合胃底折叠术安全有效,适宜推广应用。