胸段食管癌累及野放疗与扩大野放疗对危及器官的辐射剂量学分析

目的 研究胸段食管癌逆向调强放射治疗（IMRT）中累及野照射与扩大野照射对危及器官（OAR）受照剂量的影响。方法 40例胸段食管癌患者分别行累及野靶区勾画和扩大野靶区勾画并勾画危及器官，制定IMRT计划，评估2个计划的靶区适形指数（CI）和均匀性指数（HI）及危及器官的剂量学参数，剂量学参数比较采用配对t检验。结果 2种计划的PTV均能满足处方剂量要求，PTV在CI、HI上相近（P = 0.317、0.130）。两组间平均肺剂量、两肺V₅、两肺V₂₀、两肺V₃₀、脊髓D_mean、心脏D_mean、心脏D_max、心脏V₃₀、心脏V₄₀、心脏V₆₀差异均存在统计学意义（P < 0.01）。结论 胸段食管癌患者行累及野照射与扩大野比较，可降低正常器官的受照剂量，从而降低放射性损伤风险。     

预测年轻乳腺癌患者生存率列线图的建立和验证

目的:构建预测年轻乳腺癌患者生存情况的列线图，以期帮助临床诊疗。方法:收集SEER数据库中5 525例年轻乳腺癌患者的临床信息，通过单因素Log-rank检验和多因素Cox生存分析筛选出独立预后因素,用于构建预测患者3、5年总生存率(overall survival,OS)和癌症特异性生存率（cancer special survival,CSS)的列线图，将我院就诊的147例年轻乳腺癌患者作为验证集进行外部验证。结果:单因素和多因素分析结果显示，种族、病理类型、组织学分级、T分期、N分期、M分期、ER状态、HER-2状态、手术方式是与患者OS和CSS相关的独立危险因素，将这些因素纳入并建立预测患者OS和CSS的列线图模型。内部和外部验证结果显示模型具有良好的预测性能。基于建立的OS和CSS列线图模型对患者进行了风险分层，能够准确地将年轻乳腺癌患者分成预后有显著差异的三个风险亚组。结论:本研究构建的预测模型能较为准确的预测年轻乳腺癌患者的预后情况，为临床的诊疗提供科学依据。     

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in rat kidney using two-dimensional navigated,interleaved echo-planar imaging at 7.0 T

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of two-dimensional (2D) navigated, interleaved multishot echo-planar imaging (EPI) to enhance kidney diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in rats at 7.0 T. Fully sampled interleaved four-shot EPI with 2D navigators was tailored for kidney DWI (Sprague–Dawley rats, n = 7) on a 7.0-T small bore preclinical scanner. The image quality of four-shot EPI was compared with T₂-weighted rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (RARE) (reference) and single-shot EPI (ss-EPI) without and with parallel imaging (PI). The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was examined to assess the image quality for the EPI approaches. The Dice similarity coefficient and the Hausdorff distance were used for evaluation of image distortion. Mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were calculated for renal cortex and medulla for all DWI approaches. The corticomedullary difference of MD and FA were assessed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Four-shot EPI showed the highest CNR among the three EPI variants and lowest geometric distortion versus T₂-weighted RARE (mean Dice: 0.77 for ss-EPI without PI, 0.88 for ss-EPI with twofold undersampling, and 0.92 for four-shot EPI). The FA map derived from four-shot EPI clearly identified a highly anisotropic region corresponding to the inner stripe of the outer medulla. Four-shot EPI successfully discerned differences in both MD and FA between renal cortex and medulla. In conclusion, 2D navigated, interleaved multishot EPI facilitates high-quality rat kidney DWI with clearly depicted intralayer and interlayer structure and substantially reduced image distortion. This approach enables the anatomic integrity of DWI-MRI in small rodents and has the potential to benefit the characterization of renal microstructure in preclinical studies.     

地鳖纤溶蛋白口服时间/pH依赖结肠靶向微囊的开发及评价＊

地鳖中的纤溶活性蛋白是从地鳖中提取的具有抗栓及抗肿瘤作用的有效成分，其口服易被上消化道酶分解从而限制了应用。采用恒流泵滴制法开发地鳖纤溶活性蛋白时间/pH依赖口服结肠靶向微囊（EnpolypHaga fibrinolytic protein oral colon targeting microcapsules， CTM-EFP）。采用单因素实验和正交实验相结合的方法寻找到包封率为60.17 % ± 2.72 %、载药量为15.50 % ± 0.44 % 的最佳配方。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）显示微囊呈球形、表面光滑，在人工肠液中24 h的累积释放度为99.53 % ± 0.69 %，在人工胃液中24 h累积释放度为7.43 ± 1.04 %，通过时间/pH依赖达到结肠靶向作用。CTM-EFP在人工肠液中的体外释放曲线符合Korsmeyer方程，提示地鳖纤溶活性蛋白（EnpolypHaga fibrinolytic protein， EFP）是通过扩散和侵蚀机制结合释放的。CTM-EFP为EFP的口服给药提供了一种新的剂型，为EFP应用于临床提供参考。     

Clinical analysis of 99 children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura complicated with overt gastrointestinal bleeding

Clinical Rheumatology - To analyze and summarize the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) complicated by overt gastrointestinal bleeding...