Same-Day Yttrium-90 Radioembolization: Feasibility with Resin Microspheres

Purpose

To evaluate the feasibility of a same-day yttrium-90 (⁹⁰Y) radioembolization protocol with resin microspheres (including pretreatment angiography, lung shunt fraction [LSF] determination, and radioembolization) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver metastases.

Outcomes after neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy for cT2-4N0-1 non–small cell lung cancer: A propensity-matched analysis

Objective

Comparative survival between neoadjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with cT2-4N0-1M0 non–small cell lung cancer has not been extensively studied.

Comparative Analysis of Safety and Efficacy of Transarterial Chemoembolization for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with and without Pre-Existing Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts

PurposeTo compare the safety and efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with and without transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS).Materials and MethodsThis single-institution study included a retrospective review of 50 patients who underwent transarterial chemoembolization for HCC between January 2010 and April 2017. Twenty-five patients had preexisting TIPS, and 25 patients were selected to control for age, sex, and target tumor size. Baseline median Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD; 13 TIPS, 9 control; P < .001) and albumin-bilirubin (ALBI; 3 TIPS, 2 control; P < .001) differed between groups. Safety was assessed on the basis of Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) and change in MELD and ALBI grade assessed between 3 and 6 months. Efficacy was assessed by tumor response and time to progression (TTP).ResultsThere was 1 severe adverse event (CTCAE grade >2) in the TIPS group. There was no difference in the change in MELD or ALBI grade. Although there was no difference in tumor response (P = .19), more patients achieved a complete response in the control group (19/25, 76%) than in the TIPS group (13/25, 52%). There was no difference in TTP (P = .82). At 1 year, 2 patients in the control group and 3 patients in the TIPS group received a liver transplant. Seven patients died in the TIPS group.ConclusionsTransarterial chemoembolization is as safe and effective in patients with TIPS as in patients without TIPS, despite worse baseline liver function. Severe adverse events are rare and may be transient.     

Response Evaluation Criteria in Cancer of the Liver (RECICL) (2015 Revised version)

The Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) is inappropriate to assess the direct effects of treatment on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by locoregional therapies such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Therefore, establishment of response evaluation criteria solely devoted to HCC is needed urgently in clinical practice as well as in clinical trials of HCC treatment, such as molecular‐targeted therapies, which cause necrosis of the tumor. The Response Evaluation Criteria in Cancer of the Liver (RECICL) was revised in 2015 by the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan based on the 2009 version of RECICL, which was commonly used in Japan. Major revised points of the RECICL 2015 is to define the target lesions of two lesions per organ or three lesions per liver, up to a maximum of five lesions. The second revised point is that setting the timing at which the overall treatment response has been changed. The third point is that the definition of treatment effect 1 has been changed to more than 50% tumor enlargement, excluding the area of necrosis after treatment. Overall evaluation of treatment response has been amended to make it possible to evaluate the overall response including extrahepatic lesions by systemic therapy, which is similar to RECIST or modified RECIST. We hope this new treatment response criteria, RECICL, proposed by the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan will benefit HCC treatment response evaluation in the setting of daily clinical practice and clinical trials, not only in Japan, but also internationally.     

Diffusion-weighted MRI and PET/CT reproducibility in epithelial ovarian cancers during neoadjuvant chemotherapy

PurposeTo investigate the reproducibility of diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI and ¹⁸F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG)-Positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) in monitoring response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in epithelial ovarian cancer.Materials and methodsTen women (median age, 67 years; range: 41.8–77.3 years) with stage IIIC-IV epithelial ovarian cancers were included in this prospective trial (NCT02792959) between 2014 and 2016. All underwent initial laparoscopic staging, four cycles of carboplatine-paclitaxel-based chemotherapy and interval debulking surgery. PET/CT and DW-MRI were performed at baseline (C0), after one cycle (C1) and before surgery (C4). Two nuclear physicians and two radiologists assessed five anatomic sites for the presence of ≥ 1 lesion. Target lesions in each site were defined and their apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), maximal standardized uptake value (SUV-max), SUV-mean, SUL-peak, metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were monitored (i.e., 10 patients × 5 sites × 3 time-points). Their relative early and late changes were calculated. Intra/inter-observer reproducibilities of qualitative and quantitative analysis were estimated with Kappa and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs).ResultsFor both modalities, inter- and intra-observer agreement percentages were excellent for initial staging but declined later for DW-MRI, leading to lower Kappa values for inter- and intra-observer variability (0.949 and 1 at C0, vs. 0.633 and 0.643 at C4, respectively) while Kappa values remained > 0.8 for PET/CT. Inter- and intra-observer ICCs were > 0.75 for SUV-max, SUL-peak, SUV-mean and their change regardless the time-point. ADC showed lower ICCs (range: 0.013–0.811). ANOVA found significant influences of the evaluation time, the measurement used (ADC, SUV-max, SUV-mean, SUV-max, SUL-peak, MTV or TLG) and their interaction on ICC values (P = 0.0023, P< 0.0001 and P =0.0028, respectively).ConclusionWhile both modalities demonstrated high reproducibility at baseline, only SUV-max, SUL-peak, SUV-mean and their changes maintained high reproducibility during chemotherapy.     

乳腺肌样错构瘤24例临床病理分析

背景与目的 乳腺肌样错构瘤（MHB）是乳腺错构瘤中极为罕见的亚型，文献中以个案报道为主，目前对其临床与病理学特征认识尚不足，容易漏诊或误诊。为提高对该病的认识，笔者报告1例MHB患者的临床资料，并结合国内学者报告的23例MHB，探讨其组织发生、临床病理特征、临床诊断、治疗及预后。方法 对三峡大学附属仁和医院收治的1例MHB及国内文献报道的23例MHB进行回顾性临床病理分析。结果 患者均为女性，发病年龄19~65岁，平均（37±12.3）岁。24例均为单发性肿瘤，其最大直径范围1.9~10.0 cm，平均（2.9±1.94）cm。笔者报告的1例在全组肿瘤中体积最大（直径10 cm），其占笔者单位20年来受检的1 849例乳腺病理活检标本的0.05%和893例乳腺良性肿瘤的0.1%。影像学检查显示，所有肿瘤均可显示界限清楚的肿块，但图像不具特征性；B超引导下芯针活检有一定诊断价值。肉眼观察显示，均为界限清楚、可活动的无痛性乳腺包块或结节，类似纤维腺瘤。14例（58.3%）有临床诊断记录，但均被误诊为或考虑为乳腺纤维腺瘤。21例（87.5%）行单纯乳腺肿块切除术，3例（12.5%）行乳腺肿块扩大切除术。组织病理学结果显示，肿瘤均由乳腺导管、腺泡和纤维脂肪组织以不同比例随机混合组成；肿瘤内可见特征性平滑肌组织或肌样细胞，分化良好。免疫表型分析显示，肿瘤内平滑肌成分desmin、α-SMA、vimentin、MSA和h-caldesmon呈弥漫性强阳性。20例（83.3%）术后平均随访（18.6±15.4）个月，1例于术后10个月复发，1例于术后36、41个月2次复发，余无复发。结论 MHB是罕见的良性肿瘤，误诊率高。临床医师需增强对MHB的了解和诊断意识。临床和病理诊断中需与乳腺纤维腺瘤等相关肿瘤和瘤样病变鉴别。MHB可复发，治疗应采用广泛局部切除并确保切缘阴性，术后需定期随访。     

Reproducibility of LI-RADS treatment response algorithm for hepatocellular carcinoma after locoregional therapy

PurposeTo determine inter-reader agreement in categorizing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with locoregional therapy using the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) treatment response (LR-TR) algorithm.Materials and methodsA total of 93 patients with a total of 112 HCC nodules that were treated using thermal ablation or transarterial chemoembolization were prospectively included. There were 79 men and 14 women with a mean age of 55 ± 2.6 (SD) years (range: 48–63 years). All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination of the liver and MR images were analyzed by two independent observers. Treated HCC nodules were categorized into four groups according to LR-TR scoring system including: (i) LR-TR non-evaluable (treated, response not evaluable); (ii) LR-TR nonviable (treated, probably or definitively not viable); (iii) LR-TR equivocal (treated, equivocally viable) and (iv) LR-TR viable (treated, probably or definitively viable). The inter-observer agreement in LR-TR categorization was assessed using the kappa statistics.ResultsThere was excellent inter-observer agreement between the two reviewers for overall treated HCC according to LR-TR algorithm (kappa = 0.938; 95% CI: 0.89–1.00; P = 0.001) with 97.31% agreement. The LR-TR categories by both reviewers were non-viable (77/112; 69.6% and 76/112; 67.9%), viable (30/112; 26.8% and 32/112; 27.7%) and equivocal (5/112; 4.4% and 4/112; 3.6%). There was excellent inter-observer agreement for LR-TR nonviable (kappa = 0.938; 95% CI: 0.87–1.0; P = 0.001) with 97.3% agreement, LR-TR viable (kappa = 0.955; 95% CI: 0.89–1.00; P = 0.001) with 98.2% agreement and good inter-observer agreement for LR-TR equivocal (kappa = 0.700; 95% CI: 0.28–1.0; P = 0.001) with 97.3% agreement.ConclusionLR-TR algorithm conveys high degrees of inter-observer agreement for the evaluation of treatment response of HCC after thermal ablation and transarterial chemoembolization.     

环境砷暴露对机体损伤的研究进展

砷及其化合物是国际癌症研究机构确认的人类致癌物。砷的广泛分布及其对机体造成许多不良影响,使得砷中毒已然成为全球性公共卫生问题。笔者综述了长期砷暴露引起机体多系统的严重损害,可造成肝脏、肾脏、肺脏、皮肤、神经系统及免疫系统的相关疾病甚至癌症,并对研究长期砷暴露对机体损伤的机制进行了展望。     

基于“调平理论”论治恶性肿瘤和恶性血液病的研究现状与展望

"正邪失衡""阴阳失调"是恶性肿瘤发生发展的根本原因,基于调平理论,及时纠正机体失衡状态,在机体出现病理产物之前建立新动态平衡,让机体自我修复能力在"调平"措施的帮助下,恢复抵御邪气的能力。基于调平理论确立治则治法可用于实体恶性肿瘤和血液系统恶性肿瘤治疗中,解决恶性肿瘤治疗难题,提高生命质量,延长生存期。