Combining CAPRA-S With Tumor IDC/C Features Improves the Prognostication of Biochemical Recurrence in Prostate Cancer Patients

Background: Intraductal carcinoma and cribriform (IDC/C) tumor features are well-established prognosticators of biochemical recurrence (BCR), metastasis, and prostate cancer (PCa)-specific mortality. However, approximately 70% of PCa patients undergoing a radical prostatectomy are IDC/C negative, yet up-to 20% of these patients progress and experience BCR. Thus, tumor histopathologic characteristics such as IDC/C alone are limited in their ability to predict disease progression. Conversely, several nomograms such as Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment-Surgery (CAPRA-S) have been developed to aid in the prognostication of BCR, but not yet widely applied in clinical settings. Materials and methods: In this study, we assessed the combined prognostic utility of IDC/C, and CAPRA-S for BCR in 3 PCa patient cohorts. Results: CAPRA-S+IDC/C improved the predictive accuracy of BCR in all 3 cohorts (P < .001). Specifically, among IDC/C negative cases, CAPRA-S improved the prognostication of BCR in low-risk (Cohort 1; P < .001, Cohort 2; P < .001, Cohort 3; P = .003), intermediate (Cohort 1; P < .001, Cohort 2; P = .006, Cohort 3; P = .03) and high-risk (Cohort 1-3; P < .001) patients. Conversely, IDC/C improved the prognostication of BCR among CAPRA-S low-risk (Cohorts 1; P < .001 and Cohort 3; P = .003) patients. Conclusion: Our results suggest the investigation of histopathological IDC/C features in CAPRA-S low-risk patients and conversely, nomogram CAPRA-S among IDC/C negative patients improves the identification of patients likely to experience BCR, which would otherwise be missed through current assessment regimens. These patients can be offered more intensive monitoring and adjuvant therapies upfront to circumvent the development of recurrent cancer or overtreatment at the time of surgery.     

原发性腹膜后脂肪肉瘤20例报告

自１９６５年５月至１９９１年７月共收治原发性腹膜后脂肪肉瘤２０例，均经手术及病理证实。２０例中完全切除者１５例，部分切除者４例，活检１例。肿瘤切除合并肾，肠襻等邻近器官切除者达１２例。全组的５年，１０年生存率分别是５７．１％和２０．０％，完全切除组的５年１０年生存率分别是６３．６％和２８．６％。２０例病人共进行了４８次切除手术。首次手术死亡２例。着重讨论了本病的诊断、治疗和突出的临床特点。     

A review of incisional hernia repairs: preoperative weight loss and selective use of the mesh repair

At the Shouldice Clinic pre-operative weight loss is used prior to incisional hernia repairs. Mesh repair is selectively used, based on specific hernia characteristics. A series of 236 patients were reviewed and followed up for 36 months. Data were available on 188 patients (80%). There were 15 recurrences (8%). The number of obese patients was reduced from 67 (35.6%) to 25 (13.3%) through the weight loss program. The hernia diameter, gastrointestinal complications, and surgical site infection were significantly related to recurrence but not the type of repair, obesity, location, or previous recurrences. The risk factors of incisional hernias include size, intestinal complications and infections. A selective use has a comparable result to the exclusive use of mesh repair. Weight reduction has yet to be shown to affect the rate of recurrence, and further prospective studies are required.     

复发脑膜瘤血管内皮生长因子及增殖细胞核抗原的表达

目的探讨脑膜瘤细胞增殖能力、肿瘤复发与血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）蛋白表达之间的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学方法检测36例复发脑膜瘤及30例原发脑膜瘤标本的VEGF和增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）表达。结果复发脑膜瘤VEGF蛋白阳性表达率89％（32／36）明显高于原发脑膜瘤43％（13／30）（X2=25．59，P〈0．01）。复发脑膜瘤PCNA指数（65．72±9．22）高于原发脑膜瘤（20．81±7．43，P〈0．05）。VEGF蛋白表达强阳性、弱阳性及阴性者的PCNA指数分别为78．64±10．02、49．45±8．31、6．23±1．45，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论VEGF蛋白的表达水平与脑膜瘤的复发和增殖能力有关，VEGF蛋白表达水平可能是脑膜瘤复发的预测指标之一。     

Detection of local recurrence of soft-tissue sarcoma with positron emission tomography using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose

Background: It is often difficult to detect a local recurrence of soft-tissue sarcomas due to disturbance of the normal anatomy by previous surgery and radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to assess the value of positron emission tomography (PET) with [¹⁸F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) for detecting local recurrences. Methods: In the period 1992–1995, 17 patients with proven or suspected local recurrence of soft-tissue sarcoma were examined using FDG-PET. Fifteen of these patients were ultimately proven to have a recurrence. Results: Recurrence was visualized in 14 patients (93%). Small tumors (maximum diameter 0.5 cm) were as easily visible as large lesions (maximum diameter 20 cm). In one patient the PET scan was positive, but the recurrence could not be proven histologically. Recurrence was proven 1 year later. A recurrent low-grade liposarcoma was not visualized. The two patients with benign lesions had a negative PET scan. The mean glucose metabolic rate was calculated to be 13.2 μmol/100 g/min (range 1.9–28.4). A correlation was found between the histological malignancy grade and the metabolic rate (p<0.05; Kruskal-Wallis). Conclusion: PET with FDG is a useful addition to the diagnostic armamentarium for detecting local recurrence of soft-tissue sarcomas and provides an indication of the malignancy grade of the recurrent lesion. Presented at the 47th Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgical Oncology, Houston, Texas, March 17–20, 1994.     

78例胃窦癌的治疗分析

自１９８８年２月至１９９２年８月期间手术治疗的７８例胃窦癌患者进行了回顾性分析，手术后肿瘤复发的情况，与十二指肠断端有无癌细胞残存密切相关，并发现于幽门环下切断十二指肠少于３ｃｍ者有癌细胞残存达３４％，切除十二指肠达３ｃｍ者，无论肿瘤分化程度如何，恶性程度高低，切除断端均无癌细胞残存，手术后辅以化疗，对于病人的预后有一定提高。本组随访到的５９例病人中，接受化疗的３３例，在２年３个月至６年１个月内死亡７例（２１．２％），未接受化疗的２６例，在５个月至３年８个月内死亡的２６例，在５个月至３年８个月内死亡９例（３５％）。     

大剂量免疫化疗预防肾癌复发和转移的临床研究

目的 观察免疫化疗对肾癌远期复发及转移的预防作用。方法 肾癌根治术后患者18例。男13例，女5例。年龄37～78岁，平均56岁。分2组：①免疫化疗组13例。T1 1例，T2 8例，T3 4例。根治术后第10天起联合应用大剂量白细胞介素-2(远策欣，重组人白细胞介素-2，IL-2)和干扰素(远策素，重组人干扰素α2b，IFN-α)皮下注射以及5-氟脲嘧啶(5-Fu)静滴治疗。②对照组5例。T1 1例，T2 3例，T3 1例。均因为经济原因未行免疫化疗，仅行肾癌根治术。免疫治疗方法：IL-2800万U／次，皮下注射，每周3次，第1、4周；400万U／次，皮下注射，每周3次，第2、3周；IFN-α 600万U／次，皮下注射，每周3次，第2、3、6、7周；900万U／次，皮下注射，每周3次，第5、8周；用药后1h直肠应用消炎痛栓50mg。5-Fu1000～1250mg加入5％葡萄糖液500ml缓慢静滴(4～6h)，每周1次，第5～8周。2个月为1个治疗周期，间隔3个月可重复进行。治疗后每月检查血常规、肝肾功能、腹部B超、胸部及骨X线。结果 治疗组13例完成1～4个治疗周期，平均1．9个周期。未见严重毒副反应发生。随访60—87个月，12例无癌生存，1例术后43个月出现股骨转移，现行放疗，病灶稳定。对照组5例术后3—14个月发现远处转移，首发转移病灶：肺3例，肝1例，皮下1例。5例术后生存6～21个月，平均12．8个月。结论 以大剂量IL-2为主的免疫化疗方法安全，可有效地预防肾癌的远期复发和转移。     

Parapubic hernia: case report and review of the literature

Parapubic hernia is considered rare, with 18 hernias described in five articles published since 1971. The hernia results from iatrogenically or traumatically detached rectus abdominis muscles at the pubic bone and presents a therapeutic challenge because there is no strong aponeurotic anchoring structure in the defect's caudal aspect. We describe a patient with a large parapubic hernia repaired by a combined preperitoneal and onlay prosthetic method. This report adds another dimension to the prosthetic repair options in parapubic hernias and illustrates the effectiveness of the tension-free repair principle in their definitive management. Electronic Publication     

Needle tract recurrences after closed biopsy for sarcoma: Three cases and review of the literature

Background: Percutaneous closed needle biopsy of musculoskeletal neoplasms has gained in popularity. However, it remains controversial whether or not to resect the needle tract for fear of a local recurrence. A single published case report exists, noting the lone tract recurrence of an extremity skeletal osteosarcoma. Methods: We report on three additional individuals who demonstrated that tract local recurrences may occur after a closed needle biopsy for nonosteosarcoma, nonextremity sarcomas. For perspective, the world literature is reviewed to identify tract recurrences for other malignancies and the results of needle biopsy in musculoskeletal neoplasms. Results: Eighty-nine percent of needle tract local recurrences occur when carcinomas are subjected to biopsy, as reported in the literature. Forty-seven cases since 1950 are described representing essentially all tumor types. The nature of musculoskeletal neoplasms makes closed biopsy more difficult than for softer, more homogeneous, and easier to access neoplasms. Conclusions: Local recurrences of sarcoma may occur in closed needle biopsy tracts. Strong consideration should be given to open biopsy and tract resection.     

膀胱癌膀胱全切术后尿道复发的风险评估及对策

目的 探讨膀胱癌膀胱全切术后尿道复发的危险因素及处理方法。方法 回顾分析278例膀胱癌膀胱全切患者的临床资料，其中24例发生了尿道复发。运用cox’s多因素回归模型对影响复发的危险因素进行评价。结果 6例选择性尿道切除者无1例死于肿瘤；24例尿道复发者10例死于肿瘤转移。多因素分析表明前列腺受累、膀胱颈受累、三角区肿瘤、多发肿瘤和原位癌是影响尿道复发的危险因素，相对危险度分别为1．573，1．532，1．360，1.337和1．213。结论 前列腺受累、膀胱颈受累、三角区肿瘤、多发肿瘤或原位癌是预防性尿道切除术的指征。保留尿道的患者宜尽量行正位排尿的尿流改道术。