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1.
凌攀  凌维  王晓凤 《现代预防医学》2022,(18):3305-3309
目的 分析2014—2021年四川省放射性职业健康体检中从事放射性工作人员的外周血淋巴细胞微核率情况,为今后职业健康防护提供依据。方法 收集2014—2021年从事放射工作人员的健康体检资料为放射组,相应年份的非放射工作人群为对照组,对其外周血淋巴细胞微核率进行分析,并对异常增高者(>4‰)的暴露工龄、工种及停止暴露年限采用t检验、u检验、方差检验及χ2检验等检验方法进行比较。结果 放射组与对照组外周血淋巴细胞微核率总体分布差异有统计学意义(u = 2.348,P = 0.019),放射组2014—2019年外周血淋巴细胞微核率均值有缓慢下降趋势,2020—2021年有较明显增高(2020—2019年间k - w检验h = 3.961,P = 0.002),而对照组呈波动性呈不规则变化;各年度放射组异常增高人数占比与对照组异常增高人数占比差异均有统计学意义(合计值χ2 = 51.425,P<0.001);而根据工种的不同,放射医学组与非放射医学组微核率差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 194.524,P<0.001),核医学组与放射治疗组微核率差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 47.778,P<0.001),介入治疗组与放射治疗组微核率差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 25.565,P<0.001);涉核部队暴露工龄接近,停止暴露年限小于10年和大于40年异常增高所占比例分别与另外4个区间之和差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 17.146,P<0.001;χ2 = 6.977,P = 0.008)。结论 四川省从放人员微核异常率近两年呈增高趋势,特别是介入治疗和核医学工作人员的占比明显,建议加强放射工作人员的健康防护。  相似文献   
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3.
《Radiography》2022,28(2):353-359
Patient contact shielding has been in use for many years in radiology departments in order to reduce the effects and risks of ionising radiation on certain organs. New technologies in projection imaging and CT scanning such as digital receptors and automatic exposure control (AEC) systems have reduced doses and improved image consistency. These changes and a greater understanding of both the benefits and the risks from the use of shielding have led to a review of shielding use in radiology. A number of professional bodies have already issued guidance in this regard. This paper represents the current consensus view of the main bodies involved in radiation safety and imaging in Europe: European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics, European Federation of Radiographer Societies, European Society of Radiology, European Society of Paediatric Radiology, EuroSafe Imaging, European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS), and European Academy of DentoMaxilloFacial Radiology (EADMFR). It is based on the expert recommendations of the Gonad and Patient Shielding (GAPS) Group formed with the purpose of developing consensus in this area. The recommendations are intended to be clear and easy to use. They are intended as guidance, and they are developed using a multidisciplinary team approach. It is recognised that regulations, custom and practice vary widely on the use of patient shielding in Europe and it is hoped that these recommendations will inform a change management program that will benefit patients and staff.  相似文献   
4.
Objective miR-663 a has been reported to be downregulated by X-ray irradiation and participates in radiation-induced bystander effect via TGF-β1. The goal of this study was to explore the role of mi R-663 a during radiation-induced Epithelium-to-mesenchymal transition(EMT).Methods TGF-β1 or IR was used to induce EMT. After mi R-663 a transfection, cell migration and cell morphological changes were detected and the expression levels of mi R-663 a, TGF-β1, and EMT-related factors were quantified.R...  相似文献   
5.
《Cancer radiothérapie》2022,26(4):611-615
In order to provide more convenient irradiation regimens for patient comfort, radiation facility organization and health expenses, new hypofractionated protocols have been evaluated. Moderately (dose/fraction: 2.3 to 3 Gy), then ultra (dose/fraction: 5.2 to 6.1 Gy) hypofractionated irradiations were first validated. The current question is: is it possible to go forward using extreme hypofractionated regimens (EHR) based on 1 to 3 fractions. Different irradiation techniques are under investigation. However, brachytherapy remains the smartest way to deliver a high dose in a small volume. We report prospective and retrospective study results which evaluated EHR for breast and prostate brachytherapy. While oncological outcome and toxicity profile appear extremely encouraging for low-risk breast cancer after a 1 to 4 fractions (6.25 to 20 Gy/fraction), the use of a single fraction of 19 to 23 Gy appears debatable for prostate cancer. Brachytherapy represents an emblematic example of EHR but longer follow-up and more mature results are awaited in order to specify the right indications and refine the EQD2 calculation method including new biological and technical factors.  相似文献   
6.
The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of manufacturing thin real-time relative dosimeters for clinical radiotherapy (RT) with potential applications for transmission monitoring in vivo dosimetry and pre-treatment dose verifications. Thin (≈1 μm) layers of a high sensitivity, wide bandgap semiconductor, the inorganic perovskite CsPbCl3, have been grown for the first time by magnetron sputtering on plastic substrates equipped with electrode arrays. Prototype devices have been tested in real-time configuration to evaluate the dose delivered by a 6 MV photon beam from a linear accelerator. Linearity of the charge with the dose has been verified over three order of magnitudes, linearity of the current signal with the dose rate has been also successfully tested in the range 0.5-4.3 Gy/min. The combination of high sensitivity per unit volume and wide bandgap provides high signal-to-noise ratios, up to 70, even at moderate applied voltages. The Schottky diode configuration allows the detector to operate without bias voltage (null bias).The blocking-barrier structure allows to confine the active volume within sub-millimetric sizes, a quite attractive feature in view to increase granularity and achieve the high spatial resolutions required in modern RT techniques. All the above-mentioned features indeed pave the way to a novel generation of flexible, transmission, real time dosimeters for clinical radiotherapy.  相似文献   
7.
目的 统计与分析《中华本草》中花类中药外用的研究现状,以期对中药临床用药提供数据参考。方法 对《中华本草》所收录中药进行一一筛选,以“来源”项下为花、花序、花托、花蕾、花柱等的中药名称纳入数据库,并将纳入的中药相关信息输入Excel表格进行统计分析。统计《中华本草》可外用花类药材的性味归经、毒性、外用功能、用法、用量等信息及花类中药临床使用前处理方式与方法与作用特点,并进行对比分析。结果 《中华本草》共明确记载外用功能的花类中药有127味,来源最多为花(95种,占比74.80%)。性味多寒凉(72种,占比56.69%),药性全面,临床一花可治疗多种疾病或一种疾病多种花类药物联用治疗。外用用法多种多样,临床使用前处理方法主要为捣敷、研末敷及研末调敷。部分花类中药临床外用功能与主治存在差异,导致花类药物虽作用强大但临床使用较为复杂且很难规范其外用功能与主治。花类中药外用主治疮疡等皮肤病,广泛应用于皮肤科、内科、外科、妇科及儿科等多种领域。统计发现部分花类中药记载不规范,外用用量不明确,大部分为外用适量。结论 花类药材临床外用应用广泛且数量总体较大,但花类药材的外用功能、用法用量仍有待完善。  相似文献   
8.
《Indian heart journal》2021,73(5):549-554
ObjectiveRobotically assisted PCI offers a great alternative to S–PCI. This has gained even more relevance during the COVID-19 pandemic era however safety of R–PCI compared to S–PCI has not been studied well. This study explores the safety and efficacy of robotically assisted PCI (R–PCI) compared to standard PCI (S–PCI) for the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsPubMed, Scopus, Ovid, and Google scholar databases were searched for studies comparing R–PCI to S–PCI. Outcomes included clinical success, procedure time, fluoroscopy time, contrast use and radiation exposure.ResultsTheauthors included 5 studies comprising 1555 patients in this meta-analysis. Clinical success was comparable in both arms (p = 0.91). Procedure time was significantly longer in R–PCI group (risk ratio: 5.52, 95% confidence interval: 1.85 to 9.91, p = 0.003). Compared to S–PCI, patients in R–PCI group had lower contrast use (meandifference: −19.88, 95% confidence interval: −21.43 to −18.33, p < 0.001), fluoroscopy time (mean difference:-1.82, 95% confidence interval: −3.64 to −0.00, p = 0.05) and radiation exposure (mean difference:-457.8, 95% confidence interval: −707.14 to −208.14, p < 0.001).ConclusionR–PCI can achieve similar success as S–PCI at the expense of longer procedural times. However, radiation exposure and contrast exposure were lower in the R–PCI arm.  相似文献   
9.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and two-spirit plus (LGBTQ2S+) people have distinct healthcare needs that may be unaddressed in many undergraduate healthcare curricula. The Radiation Therapy Program (RADTH) at the University of Alberta underwent a review of the three-year didactic curriculum using an online survey. The survey sought to ascertain if, where and how topics related to LGBTQ2S + healthcare are taught. Results indicated that out of 10 RADTH program faculty respondents, three teach related topics. The total time dedicated within the three-year curriculum was approximately three and a half hours. Other findings showed that faculty are interested in receiving more education in this area and would favour discussions about how to incorporate these themes into appropriate courses. This preliminary investigation demonstrated that there has been some initial work in this area, but there is more to be done.  相似文献   
10.
PurposeThe purpose of this project was to assess factors that may influence variability in the pre-treatment kilovoltage cone beam computed tomography (kV CBCT) image matching process for lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).Methods and materialsPre-treatment CBCT and planning CT data sets of previously-treated lung SBRT patients were gathered and anonymized from four radiotherapy centers in Alberta. Eight radiation therapists (RTTs) and four radiation oncologists (ROs) were recruited from the same four cancer centers for image matching. Identical data sets were provided to each user, but the order of image sets was randomized independently for each user to remove any learning bias. Inter-user variabilities were then investigated as functions of various factors, including image origin (source institution/machine), user's institution (local matching protocol), profession (RTT vs. RO), years of experience and image quality (presence/absence of added noise).ResultsVery little variation in image matching between different users was observed. The mean differences from the consensus means for different image sets were less than 1 mm in all directions, and cases that exceeded 3 mm (i.e. clinically significant differences) were extremely rare. Image origin, user's institution, and profession (RTT vs. RO) didn't lead to any meaningful clinical differences, while image quality didn't introduce any statistically significant differences. In addition, no discernible trend was seen between user's experience and deviation from the user mean. Overall, no meaningful differences in inter-user variabilities for the different factors investigated were found in this study.ConclusionsThere appears to be an adequate standardization across the province of Alberta in terms of CBCT image matching process. No clinically significant differences were observed as functions of various factors investigated in this study. Consistency in matching between RTTs and ROs in this study suggests that RTTs do not need systematic RO approval of their lung CBCT match. It should be noted that RTTs at the centers in this study receive comprehensive training in CBCT-based image matching.  相似文献   
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