盆筋膜解剖及其与直肠固有筋膜关系研究

目的 探讨盆筋膜的结构、范围及其与直肠固有筋膜的层次关系。方法 2020年12月至2021年3月对由广东药科大学生命与生物制药学院人体解剖与胚胎学系及中山大学中山医学院人体解剖学教研室提供的12具（男性5具、女性7具）骨盆标本进行大体观察，并对Denonvilliers筋膜进行组织学观察。结合2019年12月至2021年3月中山大学附属第三医院胃肠外科收治的20例直肠癌病人（男性10例、女性10例）的盆腔磁共振图像和手术视频进行解剖学印证。结果 12具骨盆大体标本显示，盆筋膜与Gerota筋膜相延续，部分纤维于S4水平构成直肠骶骨筋膜，向下与直肠固有筋膜融合终止于联合纵肌；部分纤维与后方骶前筋膜融合构成肛提肌上筋膜及肌间纤维。Denonvilliers筋膜在盆腔前外侧约2点、10点处与盆筋膜相延续构成完整筒状结构，包绕内层由直肠固有筋膜封套的直肠系膜；除“侧韧带”处有盆腔自主神经直肠支、淋巴管、直肠中动脉相连外，两层筋膜形成完整的双筒状结构，横断面呈同心圆状。除直肠支进入直肠固有筋膜外，盆腔自主神经主要分支均位于盆筋膜内层及Denonvilliers筋膜以外，沿直肠固有筋膜轮廓游离能够避免损伤盆腔自主神经。在7具女性骨盆标本中均能见到菲薄的Denonvilliers筋膜结构。直肠癌病人的横断面磁共振图像能够看到直肠固有筋膜与外侧盆筋膜、Denonvilliers筋膜的轮廓和间隙，手术视频资料也可见到完整盆壁筋膜和Denonvilliers筋膜的轮廓。结论 直肠癌手术中，在盆筋膜、Denonvilliers筋膜与直肠固有筋膜两层结构的间隙进行分离，并保持两层筋膜的完整性，对于保证肿瘤根治性和保护排尿及性功能至关重要。     

The effect of neoadjuvant short-course radiotherapy and delayed surgery versus chemoradiation on postoperative outcomes in locally advanced rectal cancer patients – A propensity score matched nationwide audit-based study

ObjectiveTo investigate differences in postoperative outcomes between short-course radiotherapy and delayed surgery (SCRT-delay) and chemoradiation (CRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).BackgroundPrevious trials suggest that SCRT-delay could serve as an adequate neoadjuvant treatment for LARC. Therefore, in frail LARC patients SCRT-delay is recommended as an alternative to CRT. However, data on postoperative outcomes after SCRT-delay in comparison to CRT is scarce.MethodsThis was an observational study with data from the Dutch ColoRectal Audit (DCRA). LARC patients who underwent surgery (2014–2017) after an interval of ≥6 weeks were included. Missing values were replaced by multiple imputation. Propensity score matching (PSM), using age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, cT-stage and surgical procedure, was applied to create comparable groups. Differences in postoperative outcomes were analyzed using Chi-square test for categorical variables, independent sample t-test for continuous variables and Mann-Whitney U test for non-parametric data.Results2926 patients were included. In total, 288 patients received SCRT-delay and 2638 patients underwent CRT. Patients in the SCRT-delay group were older and had more comorbidities. Also, ICU-admissions and permanent colostomies were more common, as well as pulmonic, cardiologic, infectious and neurologic complications. After PSM, both groups comprised 246 patients with equivalent age, comorbidities and tumor stage. There were no differences in postoperative complications.ConclusionPostoperative complications were not increased in LARC patients undergoing SCRT-delay as neoadjuvant treatment. Regarding treatment-related complications, SCRT-delay is a safe alternative neoadjuvant treatment option for frail LARC patients.     

腹腔镜辅助经肛全直肠系膜切除术治疗中低位直肠癌的临床疗效（附15例）

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助经肛全直肠系膜切除术（laparoscopic-assisted transanal total mesorectal excision,La-TaTME）治疗中低位直肠癌的安全性及近期疗效。方法:回顾性分析南华大学附属第一医院胃肠外科2017年12月至2018年6月施行La-TaTME术的15例中低位直肠癌患者的临床资料。结果:15例患者中，男性10例，女性5例，年龄为（52.7±6.4）岁，体质量指数为（24.8±2.1）kg/m2。15例患者均顺利完成手术，无一例中转开腹；手术时间为（293.5±72.4）min，术中出血量为（91.8±24.6）mL；术后造口排气时间为（1.8±0.6）d，术后下床活动时间为（1.5±0.3）d，术后引流管拔除时间为（7.8±3.4）d，术后住院天数为（13.0±1.8）d；术后出现肛周感染1例，吻合口瘘2例，予以冲洗引流、抗感染、肛门坐浴等保守治疗后恢复；中位随访6个月未见肿瘤复发转移，无死亡病例。结论:对于中低位直肠癌患者，La-TaTME手术是安全可行的，近期疗效较好。     

腹腔镜下直肠癌保肛术治疗直肠癌的效果观察

目的探讨腹腔镜下直肠癌保肛术治疗直肠癌的效果。方法选定2018年9月-2019年4月本院收诊的94例直肠癌患者,等距抽样法分为对照组(47例,套入式吻合保肛术)与观察组(47例,腹腔镜下直肠癌保肛术)2组,比较2组排气时间、术中出血量、手术时间、并发症发生率指标。结果观察组排气时间、术中出血量、手术时间、并发症发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜下直肠癌保肛术可提高直肠癌患者预后质量与治疗效果。     

针刺结合医用臭氧注射在膝骨性关节炎治疗作用中的系统评价

目的:系统评价针刺结合医用臭氧注射治疗膝骨性关节炎的临床疗效和安全性。方法:依据荟萃分析要求,全面检索CBM、CNKI、VIP、PubMed、Embase及TheCochraneLibrary等数据库,纳入以针刺结合医用臭氧注射为干预措施治疗膝骨性关节炎且为随机对照试验或临床对照试验的研究文献,文献的检索年限均为建库至2019年4月。由两名经过培训的研究人员独立进行检索并提取资料,如果遇到分歧,找第三方(老师或者专家)协助解决。采用Cochrane协作网提供的ReviewManager5.3软件进行数据的荟萃分析。结果:最终纳入15篇RCT或CCT,受试者共1244例,10篇文献报道总有效率,总有效率异质性检验:[Chi2=5.07,P=0.83,I2=0%,OR=4.00,95%CI(2.72,5.89),Z=7.03,P<0.00001]。10篇文献报道了VAS评分,异质性检验,[MD=-1.72,95%CI(-2.39,-1.06),Z=5.10,(P<0.00001)]。2篇文献报道了WOMAC指数,异质性检验,[Chi2=0.01,P=0.91,I2=0%,MD=-6.84,95%CI(-9.23,-4.45),Z=5.61,P<0.00001]。2篇文献报道了Lysholm膝关节功能评分,异质性检验,[Chi2=0.84,P=0.36,I2=0%,MD=7.97,95%CI(5.60,10.34),Z=6.60,P<0.00001]。仅有1篇文献报道不良反应的发生。结论:针刺结合医用臭氧注射治疗膝骨性关节炎疗效显著,易于推广,但其结论的验证还需要大样本高质量临床试验进一步验证。     

高频电针结合臭氧对膝骨关节炎患者血清IL-1及TNF-α表达的影响

目的:研究高频电针(100Hz)结合膝关节腔内注射臭氧对膝骨关节炎(KOA)患者血清IL-1及TNF-α水平的影响。方法:将195例KOA患者随机分为三组,100 Hz电针治疗组(A组,n=65); 膝关节腔内臭氧注射治疗组(B组,n=65); 100 Hz电针结合膝关节腔内臭氧注射治疗组(C组,n=65),疗程均为3周。分别于治疗前和治疗后检测患者血清IL-1及TNF-α水平,并进行WOMAC 指数评分。结果:治疗后,三组患者的血清IL-1、TNF-α含量均较治疗开始前有所降低; 且C 组改善水平优于A、B 组,B组改善水平优于A组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05); 治疗后,三组患者WOMAC 指数评分均较治疗前有所降低; 且C 组WOMAC评分好于A和B 组,B 组WOMAC评分优于A 组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:高频电针结合膝关节腔内注射臭氧可显著抑制KOA患者血清 IL-1、TNF-α的表达,改善患者WOMAC指数评分。