二维斑点追踪显像技术评估窒息新生儿左心室纵向收缩功能与心肌损害的相关性

【摘要】目的 探讨二维斑点追踪显像技术(2D-STI)评估新生儿窒息合并心肌损害后左心室整体及局部心肌的纵向收缩功能在早期诊断窒息新生儿心肌损害中的临床价值。方法 选择2019年07月至2020年12月期间在右江民族医学院附属医院新生儿科住院的足月窒息新生儿61例，经临床确诊合并心肌损害，根据Apgar评分分为轻度组31例和重度组30例，选择同期住院出生的正常足月新生儿30例作为对照组。检测受检者的血清肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、肌钙蛋白（cTnT）、左室舒张期前后径（LVDId）、左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室短轴缩短率（LVFS）、辛普森法左室射血分数（Simpson EF）、左室三腔心整体应变（GLS-LAX）、左室四腔心整体应变（GLS-A4C）、左室两腔心整体应变（GLS-A2C）、左室整体应变（GLS-AVG）,分析GLS-AVG和CK-MB、cTnT三者的相关性。结果 三组间CK-MB和cTnT比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。三组间性别、体重、胎龄均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。三组间LVDId、LVEF、LVFS、Simpson EF比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。GLS-AVG与CK-MB呈负性相关（r=-0.515，P=0.000），GLS-AVG与cTnT呈负性相关（r=-0.912，P=0.000）。结论 GLS-AVG与CK-MB、cTnT具有相关性，GLS-AVG可作为窒息新生儿心肌损害早期诊断指标。     

DNA损伤应答缺陷作为乳腺癌治疗靶点的研究进展

DNA损伤应答（DNA damage response,DDR）缺陷是近年来乳腺癌治疗研究的热门靶点之一。DDR通路负责DNA损伤后的识别、信号转导和修复,其功能异常可导致细胞的凋亡或基因组不稳定性的增加。目前进入临床研究阶段的乳腺癌DDR靶向药物主要包括多聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶[poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase,PARP]抑制剂、ATM抑制剂、CHEK1抑制剂、ATR抑制剂及WEE1抑制剂等。主要从DDR缺陷的概念、以DDR作为靶点的基本原理、DDR各类靶向药物的临床研究现状及其在临床应用中的难点与挑战等方面展开综述。     

Moderately increased alcohol consumption is associated with higher pressure wave reflections and blood pressure in men

Background and aimsIncreased alcohol consumption has been associated with CVD risk. Subclinical arterial damage (SAD) precedes the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and allows early identification and study of the pathophysiology of CVD. Reliable, noninvasive vascular biomarkers are available for the early detection of SAD and reclassification of CVD risk. To investigate the association of alcohol consumption with multiple SAD biomarkers and central hemodynamics in a large sample of Greek adults with CVD risk factors.Methods and resultsThis cross-sectional study was conducted with 938 participants (43.5% men) and collected data on SAD biomarkers, central hemodynamics, and dietary intake. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed according to sex after adjusting for several confounders. In men, alcohol consumption of 20–30 g/d was positively associated with mean, diastolic, and peripheral systolic blood pressure (BP). The consumption of >30 g/d was positively associated with the augmentation index. In women, no statistically significant associations were found between alcohol consumption and BP or SAD indices. No statistically significant associations were found between alcohol consumption and arterial compliance or distensibility in both sexes.ConclusionIn men even a small deviation from the current recommendation for alcohol consumption is associated with both higher BP indices and pressure wave reflections. The absence of association in women might be due to very low alcohol intake, even in the high consumption group. More studies are needed to verify our findings and establish the above associations in each sex.     

Antitumor effects of dioscin in A431 cells via adjusting ATM/p53-mediated cell apoptosis,DNA damage and migration

Skin cancer is the deadliest type of malignant disease and causes primary mortality worldwide. Dioscin, which exists in medicinal plants, has potent anticancer effects. However, its effects on skin cancer remain unknown. In the present study, the activity and mechanism of dioscin on the human skin cancer A431 cell line were investigated, MTT, colony formation, Transwell, wound-healing, TUNEL, Comet, immunofluorescence and western blot assays were used to assess the effects of dioscin on A431 cells. The results of MTT, colony formation, Transwell and wound-healing assays revealed that dioscin suppressed proliferation, colony formation and invasion of the cancer cells. TUNEL and comet assays demonstrated that dioscin exhibited significant effects on cell apoptosis and DNA damage. Investigations into the mechanism revealed that the expression levels of phosphorylated Ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) were considerably activated by dioscin, which significantly upregulated the expression levels of p53 to activate mitochondrial apoptosis signaling. Furthermore, the expression levels of BAX, cleaved caspase-3/9 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase were upregulated, and the expression levels of BCL-2 were downregulated by dioscin. Additionally, dioscin markedly downregulated the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), MMP9, RHO and cdc42, which are all associated with tumor invasion. In addition, p53-small interfering RNA transfection experiments indicated that dioscin exhibited excellent activity against skin cancer in vitro by decreasing p53 expression. Overall, the present results suggested that dioscin inhibited skin cancer cell proliferation via adjusting ATM/p53-mediated cell apoptosis, migration and DNA damage, which should be considered as a potential option for future treatments of skin cancer.     

丙泊酚和七氟烷对小儿骨科手术苏醒期躁动的影响

目的 观察丙泊酚和七氟烷在神经阻滞复合喉罩全身麻醉的小儿骨科手术中，对小儿术后苏醒期躁动的影响。方法 选择本院小儿骨科手术患儿80例，随机分成丙泊酚组和七氟烷组。患儿采用改良耶鲁术前焦虑量表（the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale, m-YPAS）评估后入手术室，常规静脉诱导后置入喉罩机械通气，采用不同的麻醉药物进行维持，随后局麻下行超声引导神经阻滞。所有患儿在恢复自主呼吸后氧饱和度均维持在95%以上，拔除喉罩送至苏醒室。观察比较两组患儿苏醒时的拔管时间、小儿麻醉苏醒期躁动量化评分表（pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium scale, PAED）评分及儿童疼痛行为量表（The face, legs, activity, cry, consolability behavioral tool, FLACC）评分和Richmond躁动-镇静量表（Richmond agitation and sedation scale, RASS）评分。结果 丙泊酚组和七氟烷组患儿的m-YPAS评分分别为（26.94±11.07）分、（26.10±8.22）分，差异无统计学意义（P=0.699）。丙泊酚组拔管时间明显长于七氟烷组［（9.95±5.27） min vs. （5.30±2.94） min］，急性躁动PAED评分明显低于七氟烷组［（7.15±2.30）分 vs. （9.50±2.44）分］，苏醒期躁动发生率明显低于七氟烷组（5% vs. 15%），上述指标比较，差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.001）。躁动患儿的FLACC评分为3~8分，RASS评分为-3~-2分，处于轻度至中度镇静状态。结论 小儿骨科手术神经阻滞复合喉罩全身麻醉术后苏醒躁动仍有发生；丙泊酚维持麻醉术后躁动发生率较七氟烷低，患儿舒适安全，值得临床推广。     

胸腰筋膜间平面阻滞对后路腰椎融合术后镇痛效果的影响

目的 探讨超声引导下胸腰筋膜间平面（thoracolumbar interfascial plane, TLIP）阻滞对后路腰椎融合手术病人术后镇痛效果的影响。方法 前瞻性选择2017年4月至2018年5月在我院择期行后路腰椎融合手术病人50例。采用随机数字表法分为两组，每组25例，TLIP阻滞联合静脉自控镇痛（patient controlled intravenous analgesia, PCIA）组（TLIP组）和单纯PCIA组（对照组）。TLIP组，男12例，女13例，年龄为（49.4±7.7）岁；对照组，男10例，女15例，年龄为（49.5±7.1）岁。TLIP组在全麻诱导后行超声引导下双侧TLIP阻滞，每侧注入0.375%罗哌卡因20 ml。两组术后均使用舒芬太尼行PCIA，维持术后24 h内静息疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale, VAS）评分≤3分。记录两组病人围手术期阿片类药物用量及补救镇痛例数，术后2、4、6、12、24 h的静息VAS评分和Ramsay镇静评分，术后24 h 内恶心呕吐、头晕、瘙痒和呼吸抑制的发生情况以及TLIP组阻滞相关并发症的发生情况。结果 与对照组比较，TLIP组术中瑞芬太尼用量及术后24 h内PCIA舒芬太尼用量明显减少（P＜0.05），术后恶心呕吐发生率明显降低（P＜0.05），两组均未行补救镇痛。两组间各时间点静息VAS评分和Ramsay镇静评分，以及术后头晕、瘙痒和呼吸抑制等发生率的差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05），TLIP组未发生阻滞相关并发症。结论 超声引导下TLIP阻滞可减少后路腰椎融合术病人围术期阿片类药物用量，降低术后恶心呕吐的发生率。     

Fretting and Corrosion Damage of Retrieved Dual-Mobility Total Hip Arthroplasty Systems

BackgroundDual-mobility (DM) total hip arthroplasty (THA) systems are designed to increase stability while potentially avoiding problems associated with large femoral heads. Complications of these systems are not yet fully understood. This study aims at characterizing in vivo performance of DM hip systems and assessing modes of clinical failure.MethodsUnder an institutional review board–approved implant retrieval protocol, 18 DM THA systems from 17 patients were included. Implants were graded at the head-neck junction for fretting and corrosion based on the system of Goldberg et al. Components were also macroscopically examined for different damage modes. Demographics and surgical data were collected from medical records, and radiographs were assessed for component positioning. Data were analyzed through Spearman rank-order correlation and Mann-Whitney U-tests, with α = 0.05.ResultsThe average length of implantation was 13.4 months with mild to moderate fretting corrosion damage. Polyethylene (PE) liners exhibited edge deformation, scratching, and pitting damage. Metallic components exhibited burnishing and scratching damage. Summed fretting and corrosion scores were strongly correlated (ρ = 0.967, P < .0001). Summed corrosion score was moderately correlated with presence of embedding on the PE liner (ρ = 0.690, P = .017). PE liner abrasion and edge deformation of the femoral stem taper were moderately positively correlated (ρ = 0.690, P = .017). Fretting and corrosion damage were not significantly correlated with patient demographics or radiographic positioning of implants. There were no differences in scores between modular and monoblock designs.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that dual-mobility THA systems may be susceptible to the same fretting and corrosion damage observed in traditional modular THA systems. Future studies are needed to confirm these results and clinical significance.