补中益气汤对于肝再生线粒体能量代谢的研究概况＊

肝再生的机制非常复杂，线粒体功能障碍所引起的能量供给不足是影响因素之一，但其机理亟待研究。严重肝损害时肝细胞ATP供应减少、线粒体能量代谢异常，导致肝再生受到抑制。补中益气汤为李东垣所创，其具补中益气、升阳举陷之功，有实验证实补中益气汤具有保护线粒体功能、增加线粒体能量代谢的作用，从而促进肝再生。本文综述补中益气汤总方与其中各类中药对线粒体能量代谢的保护作用，从而为促进肝再生提供新的治疗手段并对改善病人预后有重要意义。     

Wireless body area network for health monitoring

A Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consists basically of a group of nodes, that communicate with each other through a wireless transmission, and does not need any existing infrastructure. The recent developments in technology and wireless communication, to be used in various applications, foster the development of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). They are emerging as important networks in order to reduce the need for patients, and to help the elderly and chronically ill people to live an independent life. In this paper, we propose a routing protocol for wireless body area networks, to transfer data in the network with minimum energy consumption, and longer network lifetime through multi-hop communication. The proposed protocol has been verified by performing simulations, and the obtained results show that our routing protocol ensures a robust optimisation of the energy consumption which helps to increase the lifetime of the network and its stability.     

Mechanical work,kinematics, and kinetics during sit-to-stand in children with and without spastic diplegic cerebral palsy

BackgroundSit-to-stand (STS) is one of the most common fundamental activity in daily life. The pathology of the neuromuscular control system in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (SDCP) could contribute to atypical movement patterns leading to the inefficiency performance including the STS task. However, there was also a lack of evidence about kinematics, kinetics, and especially mechanical work during the STS task in children with SDCP aged 7–12 years old.Research questionWhat were the differences in mechanical work, kinematics and kinetics during STS task between children with SDCP and typically developing (TD) children?MethodsEleven children with SDCP (GMFCS I-II) and eleven age and gender-matched control TD children with an age range of 7–12 years were enrolled. Motion analysis and force plate systems were used to collect data. All participants performed the STS task from an adjustable chair. Independent sample t-test and two-way analysis of variance were used in this study.ResultsThe children with SDCP took a longer time and used more mechanical work during STS than TD children. At the beginning of the STS task, children with SDCP showed more trunk flexion and posterior pelvic tilting; in addition, during the STS task they also presented more trunk, hip, and knee flexion than TD children. However, the children with SDCP showed less ankle dorsiflexion compared with TD children. For the kinetic variables, asymmetry was found in children with SDCP. The maximum hip and knee extension moment, plantar flexion moment, and peak vertical ground reaction force (GRF) of the non-dominant leg were higher than the values of the dominant leg in these children.SignificanceEven though, children with SDCP who are able to independently STS. They were also a mechanically less efficient performance during STS task. Therefore, this task still needs to be trained during rehabilitation sessions.     

Energy needs in the treatment of uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition: Secondary analysis to optimize delivery of ready‐to‐use therapeutic foods

Outpatient therapeutic feeding protocols for the treatment of uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition in children were initially based on weight gain data from inpatient settings and expert knowledge of the physiological requirements during recovery. However, weight gain and energy requirements from historic inpatient settings may differ from modern outpatient settings and therefore may not be appropriate to guide current therapeutic feeding protocols. We calculated the weight gain and average estimated total daily energy requirement of children successfully treated for uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition as outpatients in Niger (n = 790). Mean energy provided by six therapeutic feeding protocols was calculated and compared with average estimated energy requirements in the study population. Overall weight gain was 5.5 g·kg^?1·day^?1 among recovered children. Average energy requirements ranged from 92 to 110 kcal·kg^?1·day^?1 depending on the estimation approach. Two current therapeutic feeding protocols were found to provide an excess of energy after the first week of treatment in our study population, whereas four research protocols tended to provide less energy than the estimated requirement after the first week of treatment. Alternative feeding protocols have the potential to simplify and lead to important savings for programmes but should be evaluated to show adequacy to meet the energy needs of children under treatment, as well as feasibility and cost efficiency. Our findings rely on theoretical calculations based on several assumptions and should be confirmed in field studies.