Hesperidin Shows Protective Effects on Renal Function in Ischemia-induced Acute Kidney Injury (Sprague-Dawley Rats)

ObjectiveHesperidin is a well-known flavanone glycoside copiously found in sweet orange and lemon, which was recently reported to possess significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major problem after renal transplantation. Furthermore, inflammatory responses to I/R exacerbate the resultant renal injury. In the present study, we investigated whether hesperidin exhibits renoprotective effects against I/R-induced acute kidney injury in a rat model.MethodsWe fed Sprague-Dawley rats either hesperidin (100 mg/kg/d) or saline. One week later, ischemia was induced by bilateral renal pedicle occlusion for 30 minutes followed by reperfusion. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, which were treated as follows: 1. the sham operated group; 2. the I/R group; 3. the I/R-hesperidin groupResultsCompared to the sham group, the I/R group had higher expression of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine and lower expression of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, antioxidants, and nitric oxide. Compared to the I/R group, the I/R-hesperidin group had higher expression of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, antioxidant, and nitric oxide and lower expression of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine.ConclusionsHesperidin improved acute renal I/R injury through its antioxidant effects. These findings suggest that hesperidin is a potential therapeutic agent for acute ischemia-induced renal damage.     

苇茎汤合麻杏石甘汤加减联合半量激素治疗儿童毒热闭肺证难治性肺炎支原体肺炎

目的:观察苇茎汤合麻杏石甘汤加减联合半量激素治疗儿童毒热闭肺型难治性肺炎支原体肺炎的临床疗效。方法:120例患儿随机分为对照组和观察组,各60例。在基础治疗基础上,对照组给予连花清瘟颗粒+甲强尼龙(每次10 mg·kg-1,2次/日),观察组给予苇茎汤合麻杏石甘汤加减+甲强尼龙(每次10 mg·kg-1,1次/日),疗程均为14 d。观察两组治疗前后肺功能指标[最大通气量(MVV),呼气达峰时间(TPTEF),第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1),呼气达峰容积(VPTEF)],血浆心肌酶谱[肌酸激酶(CK),肌酸激酶同工酶(CKMB),乳酸脱氢酶(LDH),胫丁酸脱氢酶(HBDH)],免疫功能[免疫球蛋白G(IgG),免疫球蛋白M(IgM),红细胞免疫复合物(RBC-ICR),红细胞C3b受体(RBC-C3bR)],炎性因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),γ-干扰素(IFN-γ),白细胞介素-13(IL-13),白细胞介素-17A(IL-17A)],临床疗效和不良反应。结果:研究期间脱落4例。观察组总有效率96.6%(57/59),高于对照组的84.2%(48/57)(P<0.05)。与对照组治疗后比较,观察组MVV,TPTEF,FEV1,VPTEF,RBC-C3bR,IL-13升高(P<0.05);CK,CKMB,LDH,HBDH,IgG,IgM,RBC-ICR,TNF-α,IFN-γ和IL-17A降低(P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:苇茎汤合麻杏石甘汤加减联合半量激素可明显改善毒热闭肺型难治性肺炎支原体肺炎患儿的肺功能,心肌酶谱,免疫功能和炎性因子水平,不良反应发生率低。     

运用六经辨证治疗子嗽探析

妊娠期间,咳嗽不已,称"妊娠咳嗽",亦称"子嗽",孕妇咳嗽日久未见好转,咳嗽胸痛甚则咳而呕吐,或咳嗽剧烈或久咳不愈,可损伤胎气,导致堕胎、小产。笔者运用六经辨证治疗外感型中表寒里热证子嗽,认为此类患者病在太阳阳明,属于寒热错杂之表寒里热,采用《伤寒论》中方证麻杏甘石汤合止嗽散,使热从外泄,宣发卫气,散寒不助热、解表不伤正,故辨证论治取得了显著的疗效。同时子嗽治疗还需注意健脾固肾安胎,应将顾护胎元贯穿治疗妊娠咳嗽的始终。     

基于网络药理学探讨搜风愈喘方拆方“祛宿痰方”调控儿童哮喘的作用机制＊

目的 基于“伏风暗瘀宿痰”小儿哮喘病机新说，采用网络药理学及实验验证的方法，探索搜风愈喘方拆方“祛宿痰方”治疗儿童哮喘的作用机制，验证中医“宿痰”病机与西医细胞外基质改变病理之间的交通性。方法 通过TCMSP数据库建立“祛宿痰方”的有效成分和靶点数据集，利用OMIM、GeneCards、DrugBank、TTD疾病数据库建立哮喘疾病靶点数据集，利用Cytoscape软件取交集并构建“祛宿痰方”与哮喘的蛋白质互作网络，筛选关键靶点蛋白。利用Metascape数据库进行基因本体（Gene ontology，GO）分析以及京都基因和基因组百科全书（Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes，KEGG）富集分析。复制卵蛋白（OVA）诱导的哮喘大鼠模型，对核心通路及关键靶点进行实验验证。结果 共得到“祛宿痰方”治疗哮喘的靶点98个，包括IL-13、TP53、TGF-β1、VEGF-A、MMP9等，KEGG得到与哮喘相关的通路287条（P＜0.05），包括NF-κB信号通路、PI3K-AKT信号通路、IL-17信号通路等。GO结果显示与哮喘相关生物进程包括炎症反应、细胞外基质调控、氧化应激、血管生成等。动物实验证实“祛宿痰方”可下调大鼠肺组织中p-NF-κB-P65磷酸化水平，抑制NF-κB信号通路的激活，降低IL-13、TGF-β1 mRNA表达量（P<0.05），减少哮喘大鼠肺组织中炎症细胞浸润、黏液产生，从而延缓哮喘的进程。结论 “祛宿痰方”可抑制NF-κB信号通路的激活，降低肺组织中IL-13、TGF-β1 mRNA表达量，可能通过抑制炎症反应、调控细胞外基质等途径作用于哮喘，中医“宿痰”病机与西医细胞外基质改变病理之间存在一定的的交通性。     

Dynamic Monitoring and Predictive Value of Circulating Tumor Cells in EGFR-Mutated Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With First-Line EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

BackgroundThere is an urgent need to develop a convenient and less invasive technique to monitor the efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients with EGFR-mutated non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We proposed folate receptor–based assay to count circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to predict and dynamically monitor the therapeutic response to first-line EGFR-TKIs in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC.Patients and MethodsEligible patients were enrolled, and 3 mL of blood was obtained before initial treatment, 1 month after treatment, and every 2 months thereafter. CTCs were isolated on the basis of negative enrichment by immunomagnetic beads and detected by a ligand-targeted PCR method.ResultsA total of 232 patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC and treated with first-line EGFR-TKIs were included. Patients with low baseline CTC count had a markedly longer progression-free survival (hazard ratio = 0.48; P < .001) and overall survival (hazard ratio = 0.52; P = .002) than those with high count. This difference remained significant in multivariate analysis. Dynamic change of CTC count was significantly associated with partial response (P = .042) and stable disease/progressive disease (P = .032). Notably, dynamic monitoring of CTC provided evidence of resistance to EGFR-TKIs before computed tomographic scanning with a median lead time of 113 days (range, 45-169 days).ConclusionThe current evidence suggests that folate receptor–positive CTC counts can be used for both the dynamic monitoring and prediction of outcome in EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients treated with EGFR-TKIs, which could serve as an alternative or supplement to computed tomographic scanning.     

Vinorelbine After Prior Treatment With Eribulin for Advanced Breast Cancer: A Single-Centre Experience Suggesting Cross-Resistance

IntroductionThe tubulin inhibitor, eribulin, improves survival for previously treated advanced breast cancer (ABC) compared to chemotherapy of physician's choice, including vinorelbine, an older anti-tubulin. Vinorelbine is commonly still used after eribulin, but potentially risks cross-resistance and its efficacy in this setting is unproven.Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis of all patients who received vinorelbine after prior eribulin (VAE) 2011-2015 and a parallel cohort of consecutive patients who received vinorelbine without prior eribulin (VWE) for previously treated ABC between 2005 and 2011. Patient demographics, histopathological features, treatment duration and responses were recorded. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival from date of first vinorelbine for each cohort. Secondary endpoints included radiological response rate, and overall survival (OS).ResultsThirty-five VAE and 103 VWE patients were identified, all female, 71.4% and 78.6% were ER positive/HER2 negative, 8.6% and 6.8% HER2 positive, and 20.0% and 14.6% triple negative for VAE and VWE cohorts, respectively. The median number of lines of chemotherapy lines prior to vinorelbine was 4 (range 2-6) and 2 (range 0-4), respectively. Fifteen VAE patients (42.9%) received ≥1 line of chemotherapy between eribulin and vinorelbine. VAE and WWE Patients received a median of 3 cycles of vinorelbine (range 1-9 and 1-12, respectively). The median progression-free survival for VAE patients was 2.1 months and 2.0 months for VWE patients. No VAE patients were progression-free at 24 weeks, compared to 15.5% of VWE patients. Median OS from commencing vinorelbine was 4.3 months for VAE and 6.4 months for VWE patients.ConclusionVinorelbine was of limited benefit after prior eribulin in our study, suggesting cross-resistance. Even without prior eribulin, only 15% of patients experienced clinical benefit from vinorelbine monotherapy.     

林胜友巧用麻杏石甘汤诊疗放射性肺损伤学术经验

[目的]探讨林胜友主任中医师运用麻杏石甘汤治疗放射性肺损伤疾病的临证经验。[方法]通过临床跟诊及患者反馈,收集相关资料,从放射性肺损伤的研究背景、治则治法、分证论治、用药特点等方面来论述相关学术经验及临床体会,并分析验案一例。[结果]林胜友主任中医师治疗放射性肺损伤以清法贯穿全程,兼以补、通二法,治要扶正祛邪,以平为期。临床上放射性肺损伤患者初起热毒炽盛,法当清肺泻火,方选麻杏石甘汤,日久不愈伤津耗气治酌选益气养阴、补肺健脾之法,久病及肾当阴阳兼顾则,平补肾脏,又各期均可夹痰夹瘀,临床当活血养血,通络利痰。[结论]运用麻杏石甘汤治疗放射性肺损伤疾病疗效确切,对于中医临床工作有一定指导意义。     

麻杏石甘汤联合西药治疗小儿肺炎咳喘临床研究

目的:观察麻杏石甘汤加减联合西药治疗小儿肺炎咳喘的临床效果。方法:将小儿肺炎咳喘患者74例,按随机数字表法分为西药组与中西医结合组各37例。西药组根据病情给予抗菌、抗病毒治疗,中西医结合组在西药组的基础上联合麻杏石甘汤治疗。比较2组临床治疗总有效率,观察2组治疗前后中医证候积分情况、临床症状消失时间以及不良反应发生率。结果:中西医结合组总有效率为94.59%,西药组为81.08%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组主症、次症中医证候积分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且中西医结合组主症、次症中医证候积分均低于西药组(P<0.05)。中西医结合组体温恢复正常时间、咳嗽消失时间、喘息消失时间、肺部啰音消失时间均短于西药组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。中西医结合组不良反应发生率为5.41%,西药组为2.70%,2组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:麻杏石甘汤联合西药治疗对肺炎咳喘,可明显改善患儿的临床症状,提高临床治疗总有效率。     

麻杏二陈三子汤对小儿哮喘急性发作的疗效及其对免疫机制的影响

目的:探讨麻杏二陈三子汤对小儿哮喘急性发作的疗效及其对免疫机制的影响。方法:选取2014年8月至2016年12月宝鸡市中医医院收治的因哮喘急性发作入院治疗的患儿90例,按照随机数表法将入组患儿分为对照组、观察组各45例。对照组患儿接受临床常规治疗,观察组患儿接受常规+麻杏二陈三子汤治疗。比较2组患儿的疗效及Th17/Treg细胞免疫、Th1/Th2细胞免疫水平的差异。结果:治疗后,观察组患儿的治疗总有效率高于对照组患儿(P0.05);观察组患儿外周血中Th17细胞比例、Th17/Treg比值低于对照组患儿,Treg细胞比例高于对照组患儿(P0.05);观察组患儿血清中Th1细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γ的含量高于对照组患儿,Th2细胞因子IL-4、IL-10的含量低于对照组患儿(P0.05)。结论:麻杏二陈三子汤治疗小儿哮喘急性发作,可有效提升整体疗效、优化机体免疫功能。