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排序方式: 共有494条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
佛山市城区室内装修污染特征初探 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
目的 为了解佛山市室内装修空气污染状况,通过对佛山市室内装修污染物进行调查,掌握室内装修污染的一些基本特征并提出控制措施。方法 根据卫生部《室内空气质量卫生规范》以及《室内空气污染物的检验方法》方案,调查采用了问卷调查和现场检测的方法。结果 佛山市室内装修空气污染物主要为甲醛,苯,总挥发性有机物(TVOC),超标率分别为86%,36%,23%。结论 目前佛山市城区室内装修污染物的特征为:有机污染较无机污染严重,室内甲醛污染严重,苯次之而氢污染相对较轻,室内空气苯污染车辆、居室高于办公室,甲醛污染居室,办公室高于车辆。 相似文献
2.
对初中学生鼻咽部溶血性链球菌(HS)和教室空气中微生物和CO2调查得出:学生鼻咽部携带HS除坐前右位外,其他各处皆有检出(4/50);空气中HS从早读开始后迅速上升28.7倍(P<0.01),至第二节课下课前达全日最高峰(65.5倍),细菌总数(BT)和CO2的时间分布亦呈现与HS相似的特征(r=0.743和0.820P<0.01),但其峰度不及HS突出;HS及BT的最低值在教室前右方,最高值在后右及中央(P<0.01)。而CO2最高浓度在教室垂直高度的2.0m处。表明:室内空气中微生物和CO2的形成和分布主要受到学生鼻咽部携带HS能力及呼吸与学习活动的影响,当然与空气自身的紊流和层流、冷空气从门缝侵入及污染物的性状也有关。 相似文献
3.
The nonstinging house ant, Monomorium pharaonis (pharaoh ant), was recently identified as a cause of respiratory allergy. This study was performed to evaluate the extent of sensitization to pharaoh ant, and its clinical significance in asthmatic patients. We carried out skin prick tests in 318 patients with asthma. Specific IgE (sIgE) to pharaoh ant was measured by ELISA, and cross-reactivity was evaluated by ELISA inhibition tests. Bronchial provocation testing was performed using pharaoh ant extracts. Fifty-eight (18.2%) of 318 patients showed positive skin responses to pharaoh ant, and 25 (7.9%) had an isolated response to pharaoh ant. Positive skin responses to pharaoh ant were significantly higher among patients with non-atopic asthma than among those with atopic asthma (26.0% vs. 14.9%, p<0.05). There was significant correlation between sIgE level and skin responses to pharaoh ant (rho=0.552, p<0.001). The ELISA inhibition tests indicated that pharaoh ant allergens had various pattern of cross-reactivity to house dust mites and cockroaches. Bronchial provocation tests to pharaoh ant were conducted for 9 patients, and eight showed typical asthmatic reactions. In conclusion, pharaoh ant is an important source of aeroallergens, and it should be included in the skin test battery for screening the causative allergens in patients with asthma. 相似文献
4.
5.
Inflammation markers in nasal lavage, and nasal symptoms in relation to relocation to a newly painted building: a longitudinal study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wieslander G Norbäck D Wålinder R Erwall C Venge P 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》1999,72(8):507-515
Introduction: There is a need to evaluate possible health effects of ventilation improvements and emissions from new buildings, in longitudinal
studies. New methods to study biological effects on the eyes and upper airways are now available. Material and methods: A longitudinal study was performed on 83 trained social workers in two offices in Uppsala, Sweden. The exposed group (n= 57) moved to a newly redecorated building nearby. Low emitting building material had been used, including a new type of
solvent-free water-based paint. The control group (n= 26) worked in the same office during the study period (November 1995 to February 1996). Hygiene management was carried out
in both offices, at the beginning and the end of the investigation. Tear film stability (BUT) was measured. Nasal patency
was measured by acoustic rhinometry, and eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), lysozyme and albumin
were analyzed in nasal lavage fluid (NAL). Results: The relocation resulted in an increase in the personal outdoor airflow rate from 11 to 22 l/s. Indoor concentrations of terpenes
were higher in the new building, and powdering of the new linoleum floor was observed. Measurements showed low levels of volatile
organic compounds (VOC), formaldehyde, carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide, respirable dust, and microorganisms in the air of all buildings. The move resulted in an increased nasal
patency and an increase of ECP and lysozyme in NAL, after adjusting for changes in the control group. No changes were observed
for nasal or ocular symptoms. A seasonal effect, with a decrease of ECP, was observed in the control group. Conclusion: A well-ventilated office building can be redecorated without any major ocular or nasal effects, or measurable increase of
indoor air pollution if low-emitting building materials are selected. In agreement with previous evidence, the improved ventilation
flow may explain the increase of nasal patency. The increase of ECP and lysozyme in NAL suggested an inflammatory effect in
the new building. Since this building had increased ventilation flow, increased concentrations of terpenes, and powdering
from the polish on the new linoleum floor, identification of causative agents was difficult. The hygiene measures did not
give any evidence that emissions from the new type of solvent-free water-based paints or building dampness were responsible
for the observed nasal effects. Considering the higher emissions of VOC reported from older types of water-based latex paints
and solvent-based wall paints, the new type of solvent-free water-based paint seems to be a good choice from the hygiene point
of view.
Received: 21 December 1998 / Accepted: 20 June 1999 相似文献
6.
Abdel Hameed A. Awad S.A. Farag 《International journal of environmental health research》1999,9(4):313-319
Both the quantity and quality of microorganisms (mold, actinomycetes and bacteria) were investigated in the air of five clean rooms indoors, outdoor air sampling was a routine work of the present study. Total viable bacterial counts were recorded in a mean value of 103 cfu/m3, whereas mold counts ranged between 102-103 cfu/m3. The highest mold counts were recorded at some places investigated such as research laboratories and a library. Moreover, the types, percentages and frequencies of occurance of viable mold were studied. Penicillium, Cladosporium and Aspergillus were the predominant mold genera. These organisms are aeroallergens. Actinomycetes were detected in low numbers compared with other organisms (range between 0-102 cfu/m3). Yellow, grey and white colour series were dominant streptomycetes. The mold and streptomycetes spore sizes were measured microscopically. The sizes of major mold spores ranged between 2.5-10 mum, whereas that of streptomycetes spores ranged between 1.2-2.5 mum. The particles < 5 mum in sizes are likely to reach the alveoli which may elicit potential risk for exposed residents. However, a low number of air microorganisms does not mean a clean and healthy environment. 相似文献
7.
8.
Fishbein L 《Environmental toxicology and pharmacology》1996,2(2-3):193-195
At the present time multiple chemical sensitivities (MCS) is generally acknowledged to be a poorly understood clinical syndrome which is exhibited by individuals exposed to low levels of exposure to environmental agents that the general population tolerate quite well. A wide range of individual symptoms (typically multiple and related to neurologic, endocrine/metabolic, and immunological, often occurring simultaneously) are displayed by MCS patients. Questions concerning whether or not MCS is a real clinical condition, a form of psychiatric illness or a combination of both remain to be unambiguously clarified. 相似文献
9.
Bert Brunekreef Jan S. M. Boleij 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》1982,50(3):299-302
Summary Suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations were measured in about 100 homes in the city of Arnhem, The Netherlands. Most homes were sampled for 2 months continuously. Monthly average SPM concentrations ranged from 20–570 g/m3. From 26 houses, smoking data were gathered at a later date. A clear relationship was found between SPM concentrations and number of smokers in the home. 相似文献
10.
目的了解室内空气中氡的本底水平,找出氡的不同来源对室内的相对贡献。方法 REM-2型氡析出率仪对地面和墙壁表面进行氡析出的测量,利用FD-125氡钍分析仪对室内用水和煤气中氡的含量作了分析,探讨了太原市居室内空气中氡本底水平。结果室内氡主要是由土壤、建材中析出的,其次才是室外空气中氡的渗入,室内用水和煤气中氡贡献很小。结论根据调查结果,进行室内空气中氡对人体健康危害分析和剂量评价,建立了室内氡本底水平的数据库,为以后研究室内氡的防护措施提供了依据。 相似文献