羧乙基锗倍半氧化物对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

采用结扎双侧颈总动脉后再通的方法复制大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型，通过测定再灌注后大鼠海马组织中脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ），超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）与谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ—Ｐｘ）及ＡＴＰａｓｅ的活性，观察了有机锗─羧乙基锗倍半氧化物（ＣＧＳ）对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后大鼠海马组织中ＭＤＡ水平，明显保护ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ─Ｐｘ、Ｎａ＋Ｋ＋─ＡＴＰａｓｅ及Ｃａ２＋─ＡＴ─Ｐａｓｅ活性。表明ＣＧＳ对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用。     

二羧乙基锗倍半氧化物的抗大鼠实验性胃溃疡作用及其作用机理研究

二羧乙基锗倍半氧物(Dicarboxyethyl GermaniumSesquioxide,DEG)是人工合成的有机锗化合物。它能对抗Shay幽门结扎性溃疡的形成,使胃液中PGE_2含量增加,胃蛋白酶活性和游离酸度明显降低。DEG还能对抗消炎痛型,五肽胃泌素型和酒精型溃疡的形成,促进醋酸型溃疡的愈合,但对应激型和利血平型溃疡无对抗作用。DEG的主细胞分泌功能比对照组明显减弱。实验结果表明,DEG的抗溃疡作用可能与增加胃内PGE_2含量、抑制胃液分泌和促进蛋白质合成有关。     

锗元素与抗肿瘤药物(Ⅱ)(续上期)

综述了有机锗抗肿瘤药物，对β－羧乙基锗倍半氧化物（Ｇｅ－１３２）和螺锗在肿瘤学中的作用以及抗癌效应机制作出评价。自８０年代起至今，又有含硫杂、柠檬酸、氨基酸、苯基的锗化合物，以及锗酵母、含锗中草药等被先后合成出来。在几类具有生物活性的有机锗化合物中，仍首推Ｇｅ－１３２，螺锗及其衍生物为低毒有效抗肿瘤候选药物，然而对于锗导致的毒性及其机理仍需进一步加以探讨。     

羧乙基锗倍半氧化物对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的：观察羧乙基锗倍半氧化物（ＣＧＳ）对大鼠实验性心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响。方法：采用结扎大鼠冠状动脉３０ｍｉｎ后再通６０ｍｉｎ造成心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型,测定动脉血压,心律失常发生率,心律失常严重指数（ＡＳＩ）,心肌组织中丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量,超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）及ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性,血清中乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）的水平等指标。结果：预防性静注ＣＧＳ（５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）可显著降低再灌注心律失常发生率,心肌组织中ＭＤＡ和血清中ＬＤＨ的水平;明显改善再灌注后动脉血压的下降,心肌组织中ＳＯＤ及ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性的降低。结论：ＣＧＳ对大鼠实验性心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用     

The characteristics of a low background germanium gamma ray spectrometer at China JinPing underground laboratory

A low background germanium gamma ray spectrometer, GeTHU, has been installed at China JinPing Underground Laboratory (CJPL). The integral background count rate of the spectrometer was 0.629 cpm between 40 and 2700 keV, the origins of which were studied by Monte Carlo simulation. Detection limits and efficiencies were calculated for selected gamma peaks. Some samples of rare event experiments were measured and ¹³⁷Cs contamination was found in boric acid. GeTHU will be mainly used to measure environmental samples and screen materials in dark matter and double beta decay experiments.     

羧乙基锗倍半氧化物对实验诱发小鼠前胃癌变过程中的免疫作用

Ｎ—亚硝基肌氨酸乙酯（ＮＳＥＥ）诱发昆明小鼠前胃癌变，再以羧乙基锗倍半氧化物（Ｇｅ－１３２）治疗结果发现实验组中癌细胞的浸润深度显著浅于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；实验组核仁组成区相关嗜银蛋白（ＡｇＮＯＲ）计数及细小、不规则颗粒所占比例均低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；实验组癌周淋巴细胞浸润反应则较对照组显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示Ｇｅ－１３２对ＮＳＥＥ诱发的小鼠前胃癌有一定的治疗作用；并从免疫形态学证实介导宿主免疫反应可能是Ｇｅ－１３２发挥抗癌作用的机制之一。本研究为Ｇｅ－１３２用于临床提供理论依据。     

Use of gamma-spectrometry for simultaneous determination of 210Pb, 73As, 109Cd, 203Hg and 59Fe distribution and excretion in rats at low doses

γ-Spectrometry permits the identification and quantification of different γ-isotopes in the same aliquot. To estimate the sensitivity and discriminative power of a comparably small and inexpensive 8% germanium detector, we determined the detection limits for simultaneously applied ²¹⁰Pb, ⁷³As, ¹⁰⁹Cd, ²⁰³Hg and ⁵⁹Fe. The concentration of Fe and of each of the four potential environmental contaminants was determined in aliquots from all organs and tissues 10 days after simultaneous i.v. administration (2 μmol/kg body weight) to adult and growing iron-deficient and iron-adequate rats. Relating these values to the total size of each organ permitted to derive a whole body distribution pattern for all five isotopes in each individual animal. Cumulative renal and faecal excretion values were determined during the 10 day distribution period to calculate the half-lives for both excretory pathways for all five isotopes simultaneously. Distribution and excretion values corresponded well to literature data. Extrapolation of the results showed that the detector would be sensitive enough to discriminate and quantify the five metals at human dietary exposure levels. The results recommend to use γ-spectrometry to investigate kinetic aspects of interactions between toxic and essential trace metals, because the method reduces the number of required animals drastically.     

Germanium myopathy: clinical and experimental pathological studies

Summary Pathological examinations were carried out on the skeletal muscle of a patient with germanium intoxication. The prominent histochemical finding was vacuolar myopathy with lipid excess, increased acid phosphatase activity and decreased cytochrome c oxidase activity. Ultrastructural lesions revealed a mitochondrial abnormality, autophagic vacuoles and accumulation of high electron-dense materials in deformed mitochondria and at the periphery of lipid droplets. Furthermore, the toxic effect of germanium on skeletal muscle was confirmed by the experimentally induced germanium myopathy, which showed autophagic degeneration, decreased cytochrome c oxidase activity and a mitochondrial abnormality with high electron-dense materials.     

有机锗化物对豚鼠和家兔心脏电机械效应的影响

有机锗化物(二羧乙基锗三氧化物,dicarboxyethenylgermanium sesquioxide简称DCG)系一人工合成的新型化合物,分子式(GeCH_2CH_2COOH)_2O_3,分子量339.18,其中含纯锗42.8%。锗是生物体内非必需微量元素,在自然界及生物体内分布相当广泛。最近Ninomiya     

Ge－132含量的中和测定

探讨了中和法测定Ｇｅ－１３２含量的可行性，并与分光光度法对照，结果表明二者有很好的相关性（ｒ＝０．９９５７），样品测定结果基本一致。