IGF-2及其相关受体在糖尿病肾病中的研究进展

糖尿病肾病(DN)是糖尿病(DM)患者的主要微血管并发症,也是该病致死的主要原因之一。目前DN的发病机制不完全清楚,试验表明IGFs家族与DN的关系密切。本文主要对IGF-2及相关受体在DN患者血液、尿液中的表达情况作一综合性概述。通过对比国内外相关研究发现,此方面研究文章目前还很少,相关结论也不太一致,但可以肯定的是IGF-2的多种作用将共同参与DN的发生发展,在各个阶段发挥不同的作用。对此研究的阶段性总结,可为将来进一步深入研究、筛选、评价影响DN的危险因素和进一步治疗提供重要的理论基础,也对DN患者的早期诊断提供重要的理论依据。     

线粒体动力学在心血管系统疾病中的研究进展

线粒体作为真核生物中一种高度动态化的细胞器,其动力学平衡是诸多生理活动的基础。近年来,关于线粒体动力学的研究取得了重大进展。但是线粒体动力学改变在心血管相关疾病的发生、发展过程中扮演的角色尚不明确。本文对近年来线粒体动力学与心血管系统研究的最新进展作一综述。     

中医药治疗肝豆状核变性进展

本文从病因病机、辨证分型、专病专方、中药研究等方面简述肝豆状核变性的中医药临床研究概况,探讨肝豆状核变性病防治的新思路、新方法。     

脑积水手术治疗进展

神经内镜第三脑室底造瘘术和脑室-腹腔分流术是目前临床治疗脑积水运用最为广泛的术式,第三脑室底造瘘术是治疗梗阻性脑积水的首选术式,而交通性脑积水仍应选脑室-腹腔分流术。现对近年来有关脑积水手术治疗方面的进展予以综述。     

中医医院信息化特点、成效及发展

以项目调研资料为基础,阐述中医医院信息化概况,提出中医医院信息化主要特点,总结“十一五”期间中医医院信息化建设取得的主要成效,并对区域医疗信息共享、继承创新临床诊疗经验和思想、制修订中医药信息标准和健全中医医院信息化管理体制等问题进行思考。     

Maxillofacial trauma—Developments, innovations and controversies

Despite seat belt and alcohol legislation, craniofacial trauma still remains a common health problem and significant workload in many maxillofacial units. Although management has evolved considerably from “wiring teeth together”, complex fractures can still result in cosmetic and functional deformity. Today's challenge is to consistently restore patients back to their pre-injury form and function—but this is not always possible. Greater understanding and developments have significantly improved outcomes, although controversy still exists in some areas. This review outlines some of these topics.     

Clinical course and variability of non-Rasmussen, nonstroke motor and sensory epilepsia partialis continua: a European survey and analysis of 65 cases

Purpose: To gain new insights into the clinical presentation, causes, treatment and prognosis of epilepsia partialis continua (EPC), and to develop hypotheses to be tested in a prospective investigation. Methods: In this retrospective multicenter study, all cases were included that fulfilled these criteria: constantly repeated fragments of epileptic seizures, with preserved consciousness, lasting ≥1 h and representing locally restricted motor or sensory epileptic activity. Single episodes were included when they lasted for a minimum of 1 day. EPC with Rasmussen syndrome and acute stroke were excluded. Key Findings: Three time courses with two subtypes each were distinguished, that is, EPC as a solitary event (de novo or in preexistent epilepsy); chronic repetitive nonprogressive EPC (with frequent or rare episodes); and chronic persistent nonprogressive EPC (primarily or evolving out of an episodic course). These were unrelated to etiologies (morphologic lesions 34%, inflammatory 29%, systemic disorders 9%, idiopathic 5%, unknown 23%). Precipitation and inhibition of seizures is a frequent feature of EPC. Levetiracetam and topiramate have improved the possibilities for pharmacotherapy. Topiramate seems to be particularly effective with dysontogenetic etiologies. Significance: The existence of several clearly distinct courses of nonprogressive EPC is a new finding. These distinctions will be further investigated in a prospective study with precise protocols for electroencephalography (EEG), imaging, and other studies. This should better establish the relation of motor and somatosensory EPC; further clarify the relations, pathogenesis, and significance of the different types and their etiologies; and possibly identify more semiologic variants. It should also provide more precise knowledge about therapy and modification of ictogenesis by external stimuli.     

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Ingestion,suckling, and the problem of identity: using criteria in the classification of ingestive behavior

The data reported by Nizhnikov et al. [Newborn rats first suckling experience: taste differentiation and suckling plasticity (2002)] do not support the authors' claim that they shed light on suckling mechanisms. A number of accepted criteria for identifying suckling are discussed in this review. The ingestion of various fluids through a plastic tube by neonatal or other rats does not meet any of these criteria. Thus, while the data reported by Nizhnikov et al. [Newborn rats first suckling experience: taste differentiation and suckling plasticity (2002)] are of interest from the perspective of infant capabilities, they do not shed light on the determinants of actual nipple attachment or suckling as they may naturally occur.     

The GEDNAP blind trial concept part II. Trends and developments

This article presents a review of the developments in the GEDNAP blind trials over the period covering the past 10 years (1993–2003), demonstrating the changing approach to DNA investigations in the European community as a whole. The results of the trials also identify the most common types of error encountered which can also occur during routine DNA typing and ways of recognising such errors are suggested.