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1.
目的 通过4DCT(four-dimensional CT)动态评估咽鼓管功能障碍(Eustachian tube dysfuction,ETD)患者Valsava动作时的咽鼓管(Eustachian tube,ET)功能。方法 2018年11月~2019年3月期间就诊于首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院的ETD患者15例,无中耳疾病的志愿者15名。使用咽鼓管测压(tubomanometry,TMM),七项咽鼓管功能障碍评分量表(the seven-item Eustachian tube dysfunction questionnaire,ETDQ-7)和咽鼓管评分量表-7(the Eustachian tube score-7,ETS-7)等方法对所有对象咽鼓管功能做初步评价。嘱患者做Valsava动作,行ADCT动态扫描,记录ET开放过程,重建图像。测量ET数值,判断阻塞部位,进行统计学分析。结果 正常对照组可观察到ET全长,ETD组均有不同程度的阻塞。ETD组ET长度和角度显著大于对照组[(44.41±2.21)mm vs(40.60±2.20)mm,P<0.01;(168.73±4.66)mm vs(162.88±5.44)mm,P <0.01],前鼓室部直径显著小于对照组[(3.5±0.8)mm vs(5.3±1.1)mm,P <0.001]。结论 ET长度越长、角度越大,越容易发生ETD。ADCT动态扫描可准确评估ETD患者ET阻塞部位,对咽鼓管球囊扩张术适应证具有指导意义,辐射剂量低,可作为ET常规检查方法。 相似文献
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《The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery》2023,165(1):301-326
ObjectiveThe use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in lung transplantation has been steadily increasing over the prior decade, with evolving strategies for incorporating support in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative settings. There is significant practice variability in the use of these techniques, however, and relatively limited data to help establish institutional protocols. The objective of the AATS Clinical Practice Standards Committee (CPSC) expert panel was to review the existing literature and establish recommendations about the use of MCS before, during, and after lung transplantation.MethodsThe AATS CPSC assembled an expert panel of 16 lung transplantation physicians who developed a consensus document of recommendations. The panel was broken into subgroups focused on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative support, and each subgroup performed a focused literature review. These subgroups formulated recommendation statements for each subtopic, which were evaluated by the entire group. The statements were then developed via discussion among the panel and refined until consensus was achieved on each statement.ResultsThe expert panel achieved consensus on 36 recommendations for how and when to use MCS in lung transplantation. These recommendations included the use of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridging strategy in the preoperative setting, a preference for central veno-arterial ECMO over traditional cardiopulmonary bypass during the transplantation procedure, and the benefit of supporting selected patients with MCS postoperatively.ConclusionsAchieving optimal results in lung transplantation requires the use of a wide range of strategies. MCS provides an important mechanism for helping these critically ill patients through the peritransplantation period. Despite the complex nature of the decision making process in the treatment of these patients, the expert panel was able to achieve consensus on 36 recommendations. These recommendations should provide guidance for professionals involved in the care of end-stage lung disease patients considered for transplantation. 相似文献
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认知障碍是指记忆、语言、理解和判断等一个或多个方面的功能障碍,包括轻度认知障碍和各种类型的痴呆症。痴呆症是认知障碍最严重的表现,是一种导致患者日常生活、社会交往和工作能力发生显著变化的综合征。阿尔茨海默病(AD)是最常见的痴呆症类型,其次是血管性痴呆(VD)和其他神经退行性痴呆[1]。已知年龄与认知功能的退化密切相关。 相似文献
5.
Toxicity resulting from off-target effects, beyond acetylcholine esterase inhibition, for the commonly used organophosphate (OP) insecticides chlorpyrifos (CPS) and malathion (MA) was investigated using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans model systems. Mitochondrial damage and dysfunction were observed in yeast following exposure to CPS and MA, suggesting this organelle is a major target. In the C. elegans model, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response pathway showed the most robust induction from CPS and MA treatment among stress responses examined. GABAergic neurodegeneration was observed with CPS and MA exposure. Impaired movement observed in C. elegans exposed to CPS and MA may be the result of motor neuron damage. Our analysis suggests that stress from CPS and MA results in mitochondrial dysfunction, with GABAergic neurons sensitized to these effects. These findings may aid in the understanding of toxicity from CPS and MA from high concentration exposure leading to insecticide poisoning. 相似文献
6.
目的分析血清脂质运载蛋白-2(lipocalin-2)在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)稳定期伴认知障碍患者血清中的表达变化及其意义。 方法依据蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA)评分,MoCA分值<26分者为认知受损,将43例COPD稳定期的患者分为认知障碍组23例及认知正常组20例,并选取20例健康体检者做对照组;采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)分别检测患者外周静脉血清脂质运载蛋白-2(lipocalin-2)水平;分析血清脂质运载蛋白-2与认知功能的相关性,根据血清lipocalin-2水平预测认知障碍的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线。 结果与健康对照组相比(60.37±10.77)μg/ml,COPD稳定期伴认知障碍患者血清lipocalin-2水平(82.76±12.90)μg/ml显著增加(P<0.05);与COPD稳定期认知正常组(69.70±11.51)μg/ml相比,认知功能障碍组血清lipocalin-2水平显著升高,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示血清lipocalin-2水平与MoCA评分呈负相关(r=-0.749,P<0.001);血清lipocalin-2水平预测COPD稳定期患者认知功能障碍的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.804(95%CI 0.664~0.945,P<0.001)。 结论血清lipocalin-2表达水平与COPD稳定期患者认知功能障碍密切相关。血清lipocalin-2水平检测可能成为COPD患者出现认知功能障碍的一个重要诊断指标。 相似文献
7.
目的 探讨外周血单核细胞髓样分化因子88(My D88)与Toll样受体4(TLR4)在早产儿窒息后多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)中的表达,为早产儿窒息后MODS的早期诊断及预后评估提供新思路。方法 连续性纳入2019年1月-2020年12月唐山市妇幼保健院新生儿科收治的115例窒息早产儿进行前瞻性研究,按照1 min Apgar评分将窒息早产儿分为轻度窒息组(n=70)与重度窒息组(n=45),以同期的50例健康早产儿作为对照组。比较3组早产儿中MODS发生率、MODS病死率及单器官损害发生率,外周血单核细胞My D88 mRNA及蛋白与TLR4 mRNA及蛋白的表达水平。结果 重度窒息组、轻度窒息组与对照组的MODS发生率分别为73.33%、31.43%、6.00%,MODS病死率分别为24.44%、5.71%、0,3组间比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=47.845、16.978,P<0.001);重度窒息组与轻度窒息组的单器官损害发生率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),重度窒息组明显高于轻度窒息组(P<0.05);重度窒息组与轻度窒息组的My D88 mRNA及蛋白与TLR4 mRNA及蛋白均明显高于对照组,且重度窒息组明显高于轻度窒息组(F=4.251、4.804、4.772、4.690,P<0.001)。结论 早产儿窒息后MODS发生率、外周血单核细胞My D88与TLR4表达水平均明显增高,My D88与TLR4有望成为早产儿窒息后MODS的早期诊断及预后评估指标。 相似文献
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目的]研究颈动脉易损斑块与急性脑梗死(ACI)患者认知障碍和预后的关系。[方法]将2018年7月—2020年7月于连云港市第一人民医院诊断为ACI伴颈动脉易损斑块的患者180例作为观察组,另选取180例经健康体检诊断为不稳定斑块的研究人员作为对照组,分别对两组不稳定斑块积分比、斑块最大长度、斑块最大厚度、溃疡斑块、面积狭窄、狭窄处峰值流速以及阻力指数进行比较。[结果]两组患者的不稳定斑块积分比、斑块最大长度、斑块最大厚度、溃疡斑块、面积狭窄、狭窄处峰值流速以及阻力指数之间的差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,高不稳定斑块积分比、斑块最大长度、斑块最大厚度、溃疡斑块、面积狭窄处峰值流速以及阻力指数均是造成颈动脉易损斑块的危险因素。观察组患者的认知障碍(χ2=11.432,P=0.001)和预后不良(χ2=14.362,P=0.000)的发生率显著高于对照组。相关性分析显示,ACI患者的颈动脉易损斑块与认知障碍以及预后不良呈现显著的相关性。[结论]颈动脉易损斑块与ACI患者认知障碍和预后不良呈现显著的相关性,高不稳定斑块积分比、斑块最大长度、斑块最大厚度、溃疡斑块、面积狭窄、狭窄处峰值流速以及阻力指数均是造成颈动脉易损斑块的危险因素,建议对此类患者及时进行临床干预。 相似文献
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《The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery》2023,165(2):622-629.e2
ObjectiveDeterioration of the native aortic valve function by a late progression of rheumatic disease is not infrequent in patients who underwent rheumatic mitral valve surgery; however, this phenomenon has not been clearly quantified.MethodsA total of 1155 consecutive patients (age 52.0 ± 12.9 years; 807 female) who underwent rheumatic mitral valve surgery without concomitant aortic valve surgery from 1997 to 2015 were enrolled. The primary end point was the composite of progression to severe aortic valve dysfunction or a requirement of subsequent aortic valve replacements during follow-up. To determine the risk factors of the primary outcome, we performed the generalized linear mixed model.ResultsThe baseline severities of aortic valve were none to trivial in 880 patients (76.2%), mild in 256 patients (22.2%), and moderate in 19 patients (1.6%). The latest 1062 echocardiographic assessments (91.9%; median, 81.2 postoperative months; interquartile range, 37.3-132.1 months) demonstrated 26 cases (0.33%/patient-year) meeting the primary end point during follow-up. Cumulative incidence of the primary end point at 10 years was 0.4% ± 0.3% and 7.4% ± 2.5% depending on the presence of mild or greater aortic valve dysfunction at baseline (P < .01). In multivariable analyses, aortic valve peak pressure gradient (odds ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-1.20), aortic regurgitation degree (mild over none: odds ratio, 3.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-9.23), and time (odds ratio, 1.30; 95% confidence interval 1.19-1.41) were significantly associated with the occurrence of the primary end point.ConclusionsProgression of severe aortic valve dysfunction and the need for aortic valve replacement are uncommon in patients undergoing rheumatic mitral valve surgery. However, such events were relatively common among those with mild or greater aortic valve dysfunction at the time of mitral valve surgery. 相似文献