Teach-Back健康教育模式对学龄期手足口病患儿家属疾病认知水平及防护行为的影响

目的:探讨Teach-Back健康教育模式对学龄期手足口病(HFMD)患儿家属疾病认知水平及防护行为的影响。方法:2018年7月—2020年11月选取我院学龄期113名HFMD患儿家属为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组56例与观察组57例,对照组给予常规健康教育干预,观察组给予Teach-Back健康教育模式干预,观察两组患儿家属疾病认知水平、行为干预遵从率、患儿症状改善状况。结果:干预后,观察组患儿家属发病原因、传播途径、隔离治疗、并发症预防认知评分高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患儿家属消毒隔离措施、饭前便后洗手、勤晒衣被、居家开窗通风遵从率高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患儿发热、口腔溃疡、皮疹、食欲减退改善时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:对学龄期HFMD患儿家属开展Teach-Back健康教育模式,可明显提高家属对疾病认知水平,提高行为干预遵从率,促进患儿恢复。     

Phase 0 Study of Vandetanib-Eluting Radiopaque Embolics as a Preoperative Embolization Treatment in Patients with Resectable Liver Malignancies

PurposeTo assess the safety and tolerability of a vandetanib-eluting radiopaque embolic (BTG-002814) for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with resectable liver malignancies.Materials and MethodsThe VEROnA clinical trial was a first-in-human, phase 0, single-arm, window-of-opportunity study. Eligible patients were aged ≥18 years and had resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (Child-Pugh A) or metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Patients received 1 mL of BTG-002814 transarterially (containing 100 mg of vandetanib) 7–21 days prior to surgery. The primary objectives were to establish the safety and tolerability of BTG-002814 and determine the concentrations of vandetanib and the N-desmethyl vandetanib metabolite in the plasma and resected liver after treatment. Biomarker studies included circulating proangiogenic factors, perfusion computed tomography, and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsEight patients were enrolled: 2 with HCC and 6 with mCRC. There was 1 grade 3 adverse event (AE) before surgery and 18 after surgery; 6 AEs were deemed to be related to BTG-002814. Surgical resection was not delayed. Vandetanib was present in the plasma of all patients 12 days after treatment, with a mean maximum concentration of 24.3 ng/mL (standard deviation ± 13.94 ng/mL), and in resected liver tissue up to 32 days after treatment (441–404,000 ng/g). The median percentage of tumor necrosis was 92.5% (range, 5%–100%). There were no significant changes in perfusion imaging parameters after TACE.ConclusionsBTG-002814 has an acceptable safety profile in patients before surgery. The presence of vandetanib in the tumor specimens up to 32 days after treatment suggests sustained anticancer activity, while the low vandetanib levels in the plasma suggest minimal release into the systemic circulation. Further evaluation of this TACE combination is warranted in dose-finding and efficacy studies.     

Dose optimization with population pharmacokinetics of ritonavir-boosted lopinavir for Thai people living with HIV with and without active tuberculosis

BackgroundPrior to dolutegravir availability, ritonavir-boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) was an alternative recommendation when first-line drugs could not be used. A high concentration of protease inhibitors was observed in the Thai people living with HIV (PLWH). Thus, dose reduction of LPV/r may be possible. However, the pharmacokinetics and dose optimization of LPV/r have never been investigated. This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of LPV/r and provide dosage optimization in Thai PLWH.MethodsLPV and RTV trough concentrations from Thai PLWH were combined with intensive data. The data were analyzed by the nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approach. The influence of RTV concentration on LPV oral clearance (CL/F) was investigated.ResultsRifampicin (RIF) use increased LPV and RTV CL/F by 2.16-fold and 1.99-fold, respectively. The reduced dose of 300/75 and 200/150 mg twice daily provided a comparable percentage of patients achieving LPV target trough concentration to the standard dose for PI-naïve patients. For HIV/TB co-infected patients receiving RIF who could not tolerate the recommended dose, the reduced dose of 600/150 mg twice daily was recommended.ConclusionThe population pharmacokinetic model was developed by integrating the interaction between LPV and RTV. The reduced LPV/r dosage offers sufficient LPV exposure for Thai PLWH.     

Optical coherence tomography angiography in the evaluation of vascular patterns of ocular surface squamous neoplasia during topical medical treatment

PurposeOptical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was utilized to examine changes in ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) vascular patterns over time in individuals treated with topical medical therapy.MethodsTen individuals with OSSN diagnosed by clinical examination and high resolution (HR)-optical coherence tomography (OCT) were recruited. All individuals received topical immuno- or chemotherapy. OCTA images were obtained and analyzed at three points: presentation, mid-treatment and tumor resolution. Tumor metrics including tumor area (TA), tumor volume (TV), tumor depth (TD), and total tumor density (TTD) were calculated. Vessel area density (VAD) was also quantified within the OSSN, the subepithelium under and adjacent to the OSSN and the subepithelium of the uninvolved, contralateral eye. Vascular network changes were also subjectively evaluated.ResultsTA, TV, TD and TTD all significantly decreased with time (p < 0.001). The mean VAD within the OSSN significantly decreased (p < 0.001) between visits (presentation: 26.52 ± 6.8%, mid-treatment: 7.19 ± 5.88%, tumor resolution: 0.11 ± 0.34%). The mean subepithelial VAD under the OSSN also decreased with time (23.22 ± 11.03%, 20.99 ± 5.99% and 19.58 ± 7.08%), and after resolution the sub-tumor VAD (19.58 ± 7.08%) was comparable to the subepithelial VAD in the contralateral eye (15.47 ± 4.37%, p > 0.05). The mean VAD in the subepithelium adjacent to the OSSN increased with treatment, then decreased significantly between mid-treatment and resolution (23.26 ± 4.54, 28.30 ± 7.43% and 21.68 ± 6.10%, p = 0.009). Qualitatively, the tumor subepithelial vascular network was complex and dense but with tumor resolution appeared less tortuous and similar to the uninvolved eye.ConclusionOCTA provided insight into the pathophysiology of tumor angiogenesis, showing decreased vascular density and normalization of vascular networks associated with tumor resolution.     

Correlation between cow’s milk protein allergy and otitis media: a systematic review

ObjectivesTo review the evidence pertaining to the association between cow’s milk protein allergy and recurrent acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion.MethodsThe CENTRAL, Web of Science, EMBASE, MEDLINE, LILACS databases, and gray literature were searched.ResultsFour studies were included, identifying the prevalence rates: 0.2% of delayed speech due to chronic otitis media with effusion in 382 children with cow’s milk protein allergy, 10.7% of cow’s milk protein allergy in 242 children who underwent ENT procedures, 40% of cow’s milk protein allergy in 25 children with recurrent otitis media with effusion and higher tendency to otitis media in children with cow’s milk protein allergy of 186 children (1.5 + 0.6 vs. 0.4 + 0.1; p < 0.1).ConclusionConsidering the characteristics and methodological variations of the identified studies, it is not possible to state that there is reliable evidence of an association between cow’s milk protein allergy and otitis media.     

The Risk of Alzheimer's Disease After Acute Appendicitis With or Without Appendectomy

ObjectivePrevious epidemiologic studies have suggested an association between appendectomy and Parkinson's disease. The aim of the current study was to examine the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other types of dementia following appendicitis or appendectomy for appendicitis.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.Setting and participantsWe used claims data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Participants aged ≥45 years with acute appendicitis or who received appendectomy for appendicitis were enrolled and followed up for more than 15 years. Cases and controls underwent 1:1 matching by age, sex, index date, and dementia-related comorbidities.MethodsThe primary outcome was AD, and secondary outcomes included other dementia types. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) were calculated, and a competing risk regression model was created. The E value for causality of evidence was calculated.ResultsPatients developing appendicitis (0.6% vs 0.1%, P = .005) and those receiving appendectomy for appendicitis (0.4% vs 0.1%, P = .003) had higher incidences of AD than the controls during the follow-up period. A Cox regression analysis with adjustment for potential confounders showed that patients with appendicitis [aHR 6.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.84-24.48] and those receiving appendectomy for appendicitis (aHR 5.01, 95% CI 1.33-18.85) were more likely to develop AD than the controls. These 2 groups also had higher risks for unspecified dementia and all types of dementia but not for vascular dementia than the controls. The age at dementia diagnosis was 88.51 years in the controls; however, among people who developed dementia following appendicitis, the mean age at diagnosis was 70.18 years, and dementia occurred 5.84 years after appendicitis. The competing risk regression models and the E values support the study findings.Conclusions and implicationsAfter recovery from appendicitis, these patients should be followed up for signs of AD.     

The hidden aspect of carotid lesions in traffic accidents: A little-known phenomenon

Vascular injuries that occur during traffic accidents are a commonly neglected aspect that can add more detail to the framework of a case. In this study, we analysed a case series of 150 traffic accidents, 39 of which were marked by microscopically identifiable vascular lesions. The purpose was to identify the presence of carotid injuries in individuals who died due to traffic accidents and had nonpenetrating trauma of the neck. We focused on the discrepancies regarding the macroscopical aspect and the histology and demonstrated how histological analysis of the carotids in cases of trauma can reveal injuries that are attributable to the trauma itself. We conducted a histological analysis of the lesions to describe their distribution and type and investigate potential correlations. The study offers insight on how to examine road accidents that involve traumatic injury of the carotid arteries. Indeed the main task of the forensic pathologist in the case of death is to establish the existence of a causal relationship between the micro- or macroscopic alterations observed in the autopsy and the traumatic event that led to the death of the subject. Thus, further morphological elements were provided to the forensic practitioners that may reveal injuries attributable to the trauma itself and should be evaluated in cases of trauma in traffic accidents.     

Preoperative comprehensive malignancy risk estimation for thyroid nodules: Development and verification of a network-based prediction model

BackgroundIn order to avoid excessive treatment of thyroid nodules in the clinic, it is necessary to find a simple and practical analysis method to comprehensively and accurately reflect benign or malignant thyroid nodules. This study aimed to construct and validate a comprehensive and reliable network-based predictive model using a variety of imaging and laboratory criteria for thyroid nodules to stratify the risk of malignancy prior to surgery.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from patients who underwent surgical treatment for thyroid nodules at the Thyroid and Breast Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between January 2018 and December 2020. Binary logical regression analysis was performed to predict whether nodules were malignant or benign. The developmental dataset included 457 patients (January 2018–December 2020). The validation set included separate data points (n = 225, January 2018–December 2020).ResultsIn this study, criteria that showed significant predictive value for malignant nodules included TI-RADS: 4b (p = 0.065); Bethesda IV, Bethesda V, Bethesda VI (P < 0.0001); BRAF^V600E mutation (P < 0.0001); Calcitonin>5 pg/ml (p = 0.0037); and FNA-Tg>30 ng/ml (p = 0.0003). A 10-grade risk scoring system was developed. The risk of malignancy risk ranged from 2.06% to 100% and was positively associated with increasing risk grade. The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of the development and validation sets were 0.972 and 0.946, respectively.ConclusionA simple, comprehensive and reliable web-based predictive model was designed using a variety of imaging and laboratory criteria to stratify thyroid nodules by probability of malignancy.