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童年期不良经历(ACEs)作为一项全球性的严峻公共卫生挑战,其对全生命周期的健康影响不容小觑。因此本文从心理健康、生理健康、性传播疾病及危险性行为、健康危险行为4个方面对ACEs的健康影响进行综述,为ACEs及其可能健康结局提供参考。 相似文献
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AimThe aim is to explore literature on the influence of the clinical learning environment on caring behaviors of undergraduate nursing students.BackgroundCaring is a fundamental aspect of nursing practice. However, factors of and in clinical learning environment that help shape the caring behaviors of nursing students as part of their education journey remain understudied.DesignA modified version of Cooper’s five-stage integrative review method was used.MethodsFour databases (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, PubMed, Scopus and Embase) were searched for research studies published from 2011 to 2021 in peer reviewed journals, written in English and addressing caring behaviors among nursing students in the clinical learning environment. A combination of keywords with Boolean operators was used including: “nursing students OR nursing undergraduates OR student nurses” and “clinical learning environment” AND “caring behaviors”. Reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guidelines.ResultsEmpirical evidence was drawn from 11 studies including seven qualitative designs, three quantitative designs and one mixed method design. The results of this review suggest that factors in the clinical learning environment influence nursing students’ ability to develop caring behaviors. Specifically, the five themes of: [1] role modeling of clinical faculty and professional nurses, [2] creating a conducive clinical learning environment, [3] effective communication skills, [4] positive effect of simulation and [5] alternative clinical placements may facilitate the development of caring behaviors among nursing students.ConclusionThe findings highlight the factors in the clinical learning environment that influence nursing students’ caring behaviors. Improving students’ clinical learning experiences and implementing more effective role modeling and teaching strategies may advance their caring abilities. The information generated from this review provides evidence on how to enhance the clinical learning environment to develop students’ caring behaviors, subsequently leading to more optimal patient outcomes. 相似文献
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《Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics》2022,122(9):1607-1628.e12
BackgroundLittle is known about the dietary practices of women who have completed primary treatment for ovarian cancer, many of whom will go on to have cancer recurrence and further treatment. Knowledge of dietary practices is needed to optimize care.ObjectiveOur aim was to identify dietary practices after primary treatment for ovarian cancer and evaluate how these practices differ by disease recurrence and treatment status.DesignWomen with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer were provided with the following open-ended question after completing a food frequency questionnaire: “Is there anything we haven’t asked you about your diet in the last 1 to 2 months that you feel is important?”Participants/settingParticipants were from the OPAL (Ovarian Cancer Prognosis and Lifestyle) Study in Australia.Main outcomesThe main outcomes were dietary practices after primary treatment for ovarian cancer and factors affecting these practices.AnalysisParticipants’ responses were analyzed using content analysis. Individual content codes were categorized and reported by recurrence and treatment status at questionnaire completion.ResultsTwo hundred eighty-six women provided responses on 363 questionnaires. Those undergoing further treatment for recurrence commonly reported dietary regimens with clinical indications (eg, low fiber to avoid bowel obstructions, high energy/protein to minimize nutritional deficits). Those not undergoing further treatment frequently reported “popular” diets (eg, organic, plant-based, and alkaline). For women with cancer recurrence, dietary practices were affected by poor appetite and late effects of treatment. For women without recurrence, other comorbidities, geographical location, family, and friends appeared to influence dietary practices. In both groups, nutrition information sources and personal beliefs informed dietary practices. Participant responses that referenced media or online sources often included misinformation.ConclusionsAfter primary treatment for ovarian cancer, women report dietary practices that may not be captured in standard food frequency questionnaires. Dietary practices and factors affecting these practices likely differ by treatment and recurrence status. Improved access to evidence-based dietary information and support is needed. 相似文献
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目的:了解北京某高校医学院在校师生膳食营养知识、态度及行为情况并探究其影响因素,为改善师生营养观念、开展学校营养教育工作提供依据。方法:以北京某高校医学院在职教师,一、二年级硕士研究生,一、二年级博士研究生和一至三年级本科生为研究对象,采用等比例分层整群抽样的方法抽取师生样本,以电子问卷方式进行调查。组间均数比较采用t检验或方差分析,采用多元线性回归分析营养知识、态度及行为(knowledge, attitude and practice,KAP)评分影响因素。结果:北京某高校医学院师生营养知识平均得分为(5.7±1.5)分;营养知识知晓率为57.3%。营养态度平均得分为(8.3±3.0)分;营养行为平均得分为(5.1±2.0)分。总体营养KAP平均得分为(19.1±4.6)分。其中教师得分(19.9±5.2)高于学生得分(18.9±4.5),女性得分(19.5±4.5)高于男性得分(18.4±4.5),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);博士研究生的营养态度、营养行为得分及KAP总分均高于本科生及硕士研究生(P<0.01)。结论:北京某高校医学院在校师生营养态度较为端正,营养知识有待进一步加强,在营养行为上尚有一些不合理之处。性别、身份、学位是影响营养知信行得分的主要影响因素。学校应积极开展营养教育宣传,提高师生营养知识,纠正不良饮食习惯,助力健康中国行动建设。 相似文献
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George W. Joe Wayne E. K. Lehman Grace A. Rowan Kevin Knight Patrick M. Flynn 《Journal of HIV/AIDS & social services》2019,18(1):61-79
Increases in HIV prevalence indicate ongoing need for HIV interventions. A brief manualized intervention called the Texas Christian University (TCU) WaySafe, which addresses multiple HIV risks, was further evaluated to determine how it addressed individual’s knowledge deficiencies in the assessed risks. The sample of 1,256 offenders in eight correctional substance abuse treatment programs participated either in treatment as usual (TAU) or TCU WaySafe. From multivariate multilevel analysis, WaySafe was more effective in improving the greatest need area, whether knowledge, motivation, or confidence regarding HIV risky behaviors. Findings underscored the importance of addressing HIV risk areas with the greatest need for change and strengthens previous findings of the intervention’s potential for individuals with varying HIV risks. 相似文献