The preventive role of wheat germ oil against sertraline‐induced testicular damage in male albino rats

Sertraline is an antidepressant medication used extensively in the therapy of depression. The present investigation was intended to estimate the actual protective role of wheat germ oil on sertraline‐caused testicular injury in albino rats. Sertraline (human therapeutic dose, 15.63 mg/kg) was orally administrated to rats for 28 successive days. Sertraline‐administered rats were concurrently supplemented with wheat germ oil (human therapeutic dose, 68.75 mg/kg) for 28 successive days. Sertraline administration induced an elevation in testicular DNA damage and acute testicular damage illustrated by the histopathological alterations including marked degeneration and necrosis of germ cells lining seminiferous tubules, as well as interstitial oedema, congestion of interstitial blood vessel. Wheat germ oil administration potentially mitigated the histopathological alterations of sertraline‐administered rats. Lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress biomarker, showed a significant elevation in testicular tissue of sertraline‐administered rats. Furthermore, glutathione content and catalase activity were decreased in testicular tissue of sertraline‐administered rats. Serum testosterone level was elevated in sertraline‐administered rats. Wheat germ oil significantly reduced lipid peroxidation of testicular tissue and improved the antioxidant defences. Finally, wheat germ oil has a preventive role against testicular damage induced by sertraline in rats probably via its potential to prevent reactive oxygen species.     

舍曲林治疗青少年抑郁症的开放性研究

目的探讨舍曲林治疗青少年抑郁症的临床疗效和安全性。方法对36例符合《中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准》第3版（CCMD-3）抑郁症诊断标准的青少年患者进行为期8w的开放性舍曲林治疗，以汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）和临床疗效总评量表（CGI）为评估临床疗效的工具。结果36例患者全部完成研究．所用舍曲林的平均剂量为66.3±7．8mg／d，在治疗结束时，HAMD和CGI得分较治疗前明显改善。副反应主要为过度镇静、恶心、腹泻。结论舍曲林治疗青少年抑郁症安全、有效。     

Administration of antidepressants,diazepam and psychomotor stimulants further confirms the utility of Flinders Sensitive Line rats as an animal model of depression

Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats have been proposed as an animal model of depression because they resemble depressed humans in that they have elevated REM sleep, reduced activity, and increased immobility and anhedonia after exposure to stressors. The present paper reviews experiments on the drug treatment of FSL and control Flinders Resistant Line (FRL) rats related to their utility as an animal model of depression, and presents new information. FSL rats exhibited exaggerated immobility in the forced swim test which is counteracted by the tricyclic antidepressants imipramine and desipramine and the serotonin reuptake blocker sertraline; the low immobility exhibited by the FRL rats is generally unaffected by these compounds. In contrast to these therapeutic effects of well recognized antidepressants, lithium and bright light treatment did not alter the exaggerated immobility of FSL rats. Novel data indicated that neither FSL nor FRL rats exhibited alterations in swim test immobility following chronic administration of the psychomotor stimulant amphetamine (2 mg/kg) and the anticholinergic scopolamine (2 mg/kg), which typically reduce immobility after acute administration. However, it was found that the calcium channel blockers verapamil (5 and 15 mg/kg) and nicardipine (10 mg/kg) did reduce the exaggerated immobility in FSL rats following chronic administration, suggesting that these compounds need to be evaluated further in humans. Previous studies have indicated no differences between FSL and FRL rats evaluated in the elevated plus maze, either at baseline or after the administration of diazepam, suggesting that the FSL rat may not differ from controls in anxiety-related behavior. Another recently published study showed that the FSL rat also did not differ from normal Sprague-Dawley rats in startle tests, indicating that the FSL rats do not exhibit behaviors shown in animal models of schizophrenia. These findings confirm the utility of FSL rats as an animal model of depression because the FSL rats do not appear to exhibit behaviors analogous to anxiety or schizophrenia and because they respond therapeutically to antidepressants and not psychomotor stimulants.     

乌灵胶囊和左洛复治疗广泛性焦虑临床观察

目的:观察左洛复和乌灵胶囊对广泛性焦虑(GAD)的临床疗效.方法:入组对象均符合<中国精神疾病分类与诊断标准-3>(CCMD-3)GAD的诊断标准,随机分左洛复合用乌灵胶囊组(观察组)和左洛复组(对照组).结果:观察组在第1周末SAS、HAMA量表评分与疗前有高度显著性差异(P＜0.01),2周末、4周末、6周末观察组及对照组SAS、HAMA量表评分与疗前均有高度显著性差异(P＜0.01).阿普唑仑使用率对照组高于观察组,有高度显著性差异(P＜0.01);对照组左洛复平均剂量高于观察组,有显著性差异(P＜0.05).在第4周末对照组副反应高于观察组,有高度显著性差异(P＜0.01).第1周末观察组有效率高于观察组,有高度显著性差异(P＜0.01);第2周末观察组有效率高于对照组,有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:左洛复合用乌灵胶囊,较单用左洛复治疗,起效快,是广泛性焦虑有效安全的治疗方法.     

米氮平与舍曲林治疗抑郁症对照研究

目的：评价米氮平与舍曲林治疗抑郁症的疗效及安全性。方法90例抑郁症患者随机分为研究组和对照组,每组45例,研究组给予米氮平治疗,对照组给予舍曲林治疗。于治疗前及治疗1、2、4、6周末采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)及临床总体印象量表(CGI-SI)评定临床疗效,副反应量表(TESS)评定不良反应。结果研究组总有效率为86.7%,对照组总有效率为84.4%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组CGI-SI评分较治疗前均有显著下降(P<0.05),但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后两组HAMD评分均较治疗前下降(P<0.05),且研究组治疗第1、2周末HAMD总分和对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其他时点评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组不良反应较对照组更少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论米氮平与舍曲林,总体疗效相当,米氮平起效更快,不良反应更少。     

Gray colored glasses: Is major depression partially a sensory perceptual disorder?

Background

Major depression is a neuropsychiatric disorder that can involve profound dysregulation of mood. While depression is associated with additional abnormalities besides reduced mood, such as cognitive dysfunction, it is not well established that sensory perception is also altered in this disorder (aside from in psychotic depression). Recent studies have shown that visual processing, in as early a stage as the retina, is impaired in depression. This paper examines the hypothesis that major depression can involve alterations in sensory perception.

Methods

A Pubmed literature search investigated several lines of evidence: innervation of sensory cortex by serotonin and norepinephrine; antidepressant drugs and depression itself affecting processing of facial expressions of emotion; electroencephalography (EEG) studies of depressed persons and antidepressant drugs; involvement of the serotonergic 5HT2A receptor in both depression and hallucinogenic drug action; psychotic depression involving sensory distortions; dopamine possibly playing a role in depression; and the antidepressant effect of blocking the NMDA receptor with ketamine.

Results

Data from each of these lines of evidence support the hypothesis that major depression can involve sensory perceptual alterations.

Conclusions

Loss of interest in one's daily activities and inability to experience pleasure, also known as anhedonia, in major depression may in part be mediated by sensory abnormalities, whereby normal sensory perceptions are no longer present to activate reward circuitry.

Limitations

The data supporting the hypothesis tend to be associative, so further confirmation of the hypothesis awaits additional controlled experiments.     

艾司西酞普兰与盐酸舍曲林治疗老年性卒中后抑郁的对照研究

目的探讨艾司西酞普兰与盐酸舍曲林治疗老年性卒中后抑郁的有效性及安全性。方法将80例老年性卒中后抑郁患者随机分为艾司西酞普兰组(10 mg/d)和盐酸舍曲林组(50 mg/d),每组各40例,疗程6周,两组的基础治疗相同并辅以心理治疗。在治疗第l、2、4、6周,盲法评定两组的汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton Depression Scale,HAMD)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)、贝斯指数(Barthel index,BI)并进行比较。结果艾司西酞普兰组与盐酸舍曲林组HAMD、NIHSS评分在第2、4、6周较本组治疗前均有显著降低(P均0.001),但组间无显著差异,治疗第4、6周艾司西酞普兰组BI指数高于盐酸舍曲林组(P=0.016,P=0.025)。结论艾司西酞普兰与盐酸舍曲林结合心理治疗均能改善老年性卒中后抑郁症状和神经功能;在短期日常生活能力改善方面,艾司西酞普兰优于盐酸舍曲林。     

Stress Changes the Spatial Arrangement of Neurons and Glial Cells of Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Sertraline and Curcumin Prevent It

Objective

The present study explored the three-dimensional spatial arrangements of the neurons and glial cells within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of rats.

Methods

It evaluated the arrangement for differences after stress with or without treatment with curcumin and sertraline using second-order stereology. Orientator method was applied to obtain isotropic uniform random sections of mPFC. The pair correlation g(r) and cross-correlation functions were estimated by counting dipole probes superimposed on histological sections of mPFC.

Results

The mean total volume of neurons and glial cells was 0.80 (0.05) and 0.40 (0.07), respectively in the control group. The corresponding values decreased by 50% in the stressed group. The curve of g(r) for the neurons and glial cells showed a wider gap between the stressed rats'' mPFC. Theses indicate a negative correlation (repulsion) between the neurons and glial cells in the stressed rats. Evaluation of the cross-correlation function of the neurons and glial cells also showed a negative correlation in the stressed group. The estimated values of the global degree of order in the spatial point pattern for neurons and glial cells were 0.62 and 0.20 in control and stressed animals, respectively. Curcumin and sertraline protected the spatial arrangements of the cells after stress induction in rats. In addition, the volume of the neurons and glial cells remained unchanged after stress.

Conclusion

Dissociation of the neurons and glial cells can is seen at some places in the stressed rats'' cortex. However, the spatial arrangement of the cells was remained unchanged in curcumin+stress and sertraline+stress rats.     

Impact of sertraline on weight,waist circumference and glycemic control: A prospective clinical trial on depressive diabetic type 2 patients

Aim

Depression is prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes. It may have a negative impact on the management of diabetes mellitus and could affect weight. The main aim of the investigation was to evaluate the effect of antidepressant treatment (sertraline) on anthropometric variables and glycemic control in depressed type 2 diabetic patients.