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1.
本文就糖尿病患者最早就诊的是心血管内科医师,以及负性情绪可明显影响糖尿病的发展进行了分析,并提出改善心境可明显增加自我控制糖尿病的能力。 相似文献
2.
背景 预防和干预大学生的拖延行为具有重要现实意义。已有研究表明,正念、自我控制、不安全依恋和拖延两两相关,但目前关于不安全依恋对拖延的作用机制仍不清楚,且缺乏二者间作用路径的研究。目的 探讨大学生不安全依恋对拖延的影响以及正念与自我控制的作用路径,以期为大学生拖延问题的干预提供参考。方法 于2023年2月—4月,采用整群随机抽样的方法,选取广东省4所高校的514名在校大学生为研究对象。采用非理性拖延量表(IPS)、成人依恋量表(AAS)、正念注意觉知量表(MAAS)和简式自我控制量表(BSCS)进行调查。使用Pearson相关分析考查各量表评分的相关性,使用Bootstrap法进行中介效应检验。结果 大学生AAS评分与IPS评分呈正相关(r=0.382,P<0.01),与MAAS和BSCS评分均呈负相关(r=-0.242、-0.353,P均<0.01);IPS评分与MAAS和BSCS评分均呈负相关(r=-0.314、-0.682,P均<0.01);MAAS评分与BSCS评分呈正相关(r=0.439,P<0.01)。不安全依恋正向预测拖延(β=0.377,P<0.01),自我控制是不安全依恋与拖延之间的作用路径,间接效应值为0.163(95% CI:0.105~0.223),占总效应的43.24%,且正念与自我控制可能是不安全依恋与拖延之间的链式作用路径,间接效应值为0.056(95% CI:0.028~0.089),占总效应的14.85%。结论 不安全依恋可以直接影响大学生拖延,也可以通过自我控制的独立作用路径及正念与自我控制的链式作用路径影响大学生拖延。 相似文献
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The trend toward large-scale collaborative studies gives rise to the challenge of combining data from different sources efficiently. Here, we demonstrate how Bayesian evidence synthesis can be used to quantify and compare support for competing hypotheses and to aggregate this support over studies. We applied this method to study the ordering of multi-informant scores on the ASEBA Self Control Scale (ASCS), employing a multi-cohort design with data from four Dutch cohorts. Self-control reports were collected from mothers, fathers, teachers and children themselves. The available set of reporters differed between cohorts, so in each cohort varying components of the overarching hypotheses were evaluated. We found consistent support for the partial hypothesis that parents reported more self-control problems than teachers. Furthermore, the aggregated results indicate most support for the combined hypothesis that children report most problem behaviors, followed by their mothers and fathers, and that teachers report the fewest problems. However, there was considerable inconsistency across cohorts regarding the rank order of children’s reports. This article illustrates Bayesian evidence synthesis as a method when some of the cohorts only have data to evaluate a partial hypothesis. With Bayesian evidence synthesis, these cohorts can still contribute to the aggregated results. 相似文献
5.
Rafaële J.C. Huntjens Marleen M. Rijkeboer Andrej Krakau Peter J. de Jong 《Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry》2014
Background and objectives
Low trait self-control constitutes a core criterion in various psychiatric disorders. Personality traits such as low self-control are mostly indexed by self-report measures. However, several theorists emphasized the importance of differentiating between explicit and implicit indices of personality traits, Therefore, the present study examined the unique predictive validity of an implicit measure of trait self-control for spontaneous dysfunctional behavior.Methods
As a measure of implicit trait self-control, we used an irrelevant feature task: a speeded reaction time task comprising a task-relevant stimulus feature (i.e., capital vs. lower case letter type) and a task-irrelevant feature (high vs. low self-control word type). The irrelevant feature had to be ignored, while participants (n = 34) responded to the relevant stimulus feature. However, their response was either congruent or incongruent with the irrelevant stimulus feature, resulting in facilitated or deteriorated task performance. As indicators of trait-related spontaneous dysfunctional behavior, we included indices of frustration tolerance and the preference for short-term reward over meeting long-term goals. We also included two explicit measures of trait self-control: a self-report questionnaire and an explicit self-relevance rating of the implicit task stimuli.Results
Specifically the implicit measure of trait self-control showed predictive validity for the target self-control behaviors.Limitations
The predictive validity of implicit measures of personality traits requires further study in larger, non-student samples.Conclusions
As predicted, the implicit measure of trait self-control showed superior predictive power for spontaneous trait-related behavior. This finding points to the relevance of complementing the routinely used self-report measures with implicit measures of trait self-control. 相似文献6.
David A. Moscovitch Caitlin A. Chiupka Dubravka L. Gavric 《Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry》2013,44(4):426-432
Background and objectivesThe link between social anxiety (SA) and maladaptive emotion regulation has been clearly established, but little is known about the spontaneous regulation strategies that may be activated during social stress by negative involuntary mental images and whether the nature of such strategies might distinguish individuals with high vs. low trait SA.MethodsParticipants with high (n = 33) or low (n = 33) trait SA performed an evaluative speech and reported whether they experienced an involuntary negative mental image during the task. They also rated their negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA) and the extent to which they viewed their image as being controllable and malleable. Finally, they described the types of strategies they spontaneously used to try to control or change their image intrusions. Reported strategies were then subjected to a content analysis and categorized by blinded coders.ResultsAmong high SA participants, image controllability was both diminished overall and positively correlated with PA. Whereas 90% of low SA individuals reported that they spontaneously self-regulated by altering the content or perceptual features of their images, only about half of the high SA participants used this strategy, with the other 50% reporting that they either suppressed their images or succumbed passively to them in whatever form they took.Limitations and conclusionsAlthough these initial findings require replication in future experimental studies on clinical samples, they also help to enrich our understanding of the strategies that are commonly used by high and low SA individuals to manage their image intrusions during in-vivo stress and suggest potential avenues for future research on the role of imagery in adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation. 相似文献
7.
自尊与网络游戏成瘾—自我控制的中介作用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
目的:探讨自我控制在网络游戏成瘾与自尊之间的中介作用。方法:采用大学生网络成瘾类型问卷(TOIAS)、大学生自我控制量表(SCS)和自尊量表(SES)对453名男大学生网络游戏玩家进行测量。结果:①网络游戏成瘾与自尊呈显著负相关。②回归方程纳入自我控制后,自尊对网络游戏成瘾的预测在统计意义上不显著。结论:网络游戏成瘾、自我控制与自尊之间有着紧密相关,自我控制在网络游戏成瘾和自尊之间起着完全中介作用。 相似文献
8.
目的目的探讨自我管理训练对精神分裂症患者的康复效果。方法将96例精神分裂症患者随机均分为观察组和对照组,各48例。对照组实施一般精神科治疗与护理常规及健康教育,观察组在此基础上进行自我管理训练,采用简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)、社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)、自理行为问卷(SCBQ)、总体幸福感量表(GWB)、自尊量表(SES)对2组患者进行训练前后康复状态的评估。结果1年末观察组BPRS、SDSS、SCBQ、GWB、SES评分明显优于对照组,2组间差异均具有显著性意义,(P〈0.05或P〈001)。观察组服药依从性、药物管理形式、对药物效果的满意程度明显优于对照组。结论自我管理训练能减轻精神分裂症患者的病情严重程度,提高患者的自理水平、幸福度、自尊程度、治疗依从性及康复效果,降低其社会功能缺损程度。 相似文献
9.
目的对医学院大学生的自我控制能力与心理健康水平及其关系进行调查,为大学生心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用张秋凌等人修订的自我控制问卷和症状自评量表对526名医学院本科生进行问卷调查。结果非医学专业大学生的自我控制总分显著高于医学专业大学生(t=-2.38,P0.05),不同年级大学生的自我控制总分有显著的组间差异(F=3.54,P0.01);冲动冒险性与自我情绪性维度在性别、层次、专业及年级等方面有显著差异;自我控制总分与症状自评量的强迫症状具有显著的负相关,与恐怖因子得分有显著的正相关(r=0.095,P0.05)。结论医学院大学生的自我控制能力具有专业差异和年级差异的特点,主要表现在冲动冒险控制和自我情绪的控制方面;自我控制能力对心理健康的影响主要表现在冲动冒险和自我情绪的控制对强迫和恐怖两个方面的影响。 相似文献
10.
Rationale: Tolerance to delay of reinforcement has been proposed as an important facet of self-control in both animals and man. Poor
self-control, leading to impulsive behaviour, can be a major problem if it reaches pathological levels. Objectives: The effects of five serotonergic drugs were compared to those of ethanol on a procedure for measuring tolerance to delay
of reinforcement in rats in order to elucidate further the role of the serotonin systems in the regulation of impulsive behaviour.
Methods: Rats were trained to choose between a single food pellet (small reinforcer) delivered immediately or five food pellets (large
reinforcer) delivered after programmed delays. At the start of each session, there was no delay between the response and delivery
of the large reinforcer, but this was increased stepwise during the session to delays of 10, 20, 40 and 60 s. Results: The rats showed consistent preference for the larger reinforcer when it was not delayed but showed a shift in preference
as the session continued, so that they preferred the small reinforcer when the large was delayed by 40 or 60 s. Ethanol at
a dose of 1.0 g/kg produced a significance increase in preference for the small, immediate reinforcer throughout the session,
although there were marked individual differences in the size of the effect. A similar, but somewhat smaller effect was seen
with the 5-HT2 agonist, DOI, at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg. In contrast, the 5-HT1A agonist, 8-OH-DPAT (0.3 mg/kg) reduced preference for the large reinforcer at the start of the session, and reduced preference
for the small reinforcer at the end of the session, i.e. produced a regression to indifference. Lower doses of these three
drugs, and treatment with the 5-HT receptor subtype selective antagonists WAY-100635 (5-HT1A: 0.01–0.1 mg/kg), ritanserin (5-HT2: 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) and MDL-72222 (5-HT3: 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg) had no significant effects on reinforcer choice. Conclusion: These data show that ethanol and DOI increase preference for the immediate reinforcer, which can be construed as evidence
of an increase in impulsive behaviour (reduction in self control), whereas selective blockade of the 5-HT1A, 5-HT2 or 5-HT3 receptors using selective antagonists does not affect self-control.
Received: 24 October 1998 / Final version: 16 February 1999 相似文献