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1.
《Vaccine》2022,40(12):1855-1863
Renewed COVID-19 outbreaks, stemming from the highly infectious Delta and Omicron variants, prompted rising fears of a ‘pandemic among the unvaccinated’. To address this prevalent vaccination crisis, media framing communication strategies can amplify the scientific evidence on COVID-19 vaccines to reach diverse geographic and socio-economic communities. The critical role of media framing strategies to engage and encourage large populations regarding vaccine acceptance has been rarely studied, despite growing evidence on vaccine hesitancy. The present study used a multi-method approach (i.e., content analysis and quasi-experiments) that unpacked the framing practices employed by the mainstream media in Pakistan. The findings of the content analysis revealed that the media extensively used uncertainty, conflict, consequences, and action rather than new evidence and reassurance frames in its COVID-19 related campaigns. In a series of quasi-experiments involving 720 participants, we manipulated these six frames of COVID-19 related news coverage (i.e., uncertainty, conflict, consequences, action, new evidence, and reassurance) to investigate the underlying mechanism that influences vaccine acceptance. The findings established that the message-consistent effects of media frames manifesting fear (e.g., consequence and uncertainty) and action cues made receivers more supportive of vaccination. The present study findings theoretically address the calls for a more inclusive “community-health reporting model”, besides offering new evidence on the media framing strategies to deliver more targeted, meaningful, and effective campaigns to raise public acceptance for COVID-19 vaccines. 相似文献
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Helena Storchak Ann‐Christine Ehlis Andreas J. Fallgatter 《Topics in Cognitive Science》2021,13(1):142-163
A flexible and dynamically adjustable behavior is crucial to adapt to a continuously changing environment. In order to optimally adapt, we need to learn from the consequences of our behavior. We usually learn through different kinds of prediction errors, which occur when we experience unexpected situations due to false predictions. With this literature review, we intended to contribute to current etiological models that ascribe various positive symptoms (particularly delusions and hallucinations) in patients with schizophrenia to false prediction errors and deficient predictive learning. We discuss alterations in the electrophysiological measure of the error‐related negativity/error negativity (ERN/Ne) as a global deficit and a trait in schizophrenia, as they have been observed in different samples of patients with schizophrenia, in individuals at high‐risk and individuals with subclinical schizotypal traits. As the ERN/Ne can itself be considered the result of predictive processes (evaluation of current action outcomes as worse than expected), we propose that the reported alterations indicate that patients suffering from schizophrenic illnesses fail to adequately classify the outcomes of their actions as better or worse than expected due to a deficit in self‐monitoring. Furthermore, we discuss results in further action‐monitoring components, such as the correct response negativity (CRN)—a smaller negativity elicited by correct responses; and error positivity (Pe)—a later positivity assumed to reflect conscious error processing. The reported results show normal Pe amplitudes and normal post‐error adjustments (adaptations after committed error to improve performance), indicating an intact later and conscious processing. From the results of diminished differences between ERN/Ne and CRN amplitudes, we conclude a general predictive deficit in early aspects of self‐monitoring associated with positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. 相似文献
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目的探讨团体接纳承诺疗法干预在精神分裂症患者康复期中的应用效果。方法选取该院2018年1月至2019年6月收治的精神分裂症患者68例作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法将其分为常规组34例和干预组34例。常规组患者给予常规护理,干预组给予患者团体接纳承诺疗法,观察比较两组患者自尊水平、自我效能水平、社会功能与生活质量的变化。结果对精神分裂症患者康复期给予团体接纳承诺疗法后,干预组的罗森伯格自尊量表(SES)、常规自我效能感量表(GSES)显著高于常规组(P<0.05),干预组的社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)显著低于常规组(P<0.05),干预组精神分裂症患者生活质量量表(SQLS)明显优于常规组(P<0.05)。结论对精神分裂症患者实施团体接纳承诺疗法后,能有效提高患者的自尊水平和自我效能水平,明显改善患者的社会功能缺陷程度,进而使患者整体生活质量得到显著提高,故值得临床于应用及推广。 相似文献
4.
《Patient education and counseling》2022,105(12):3501-3508
ObjectiveCambodian Americans have complex, interrelated and persistent medical and mental health problems stemming from genocide and the social determinants of health. We examined changes in multiple domains of self-reported health outcomes from a diabetes prevention trial. Methods: Cambodian Americans with depression and high risk for diabetes (n = 188) were randomized to one of three community health worker interventions: lifestyle vs lifestyle plus medication therapy management vs social services. Assessments were at baseline, 12- and 15-months. Results: The typical participant was 55 years old, female, earned below $20,000 annually, and had 7 years of education. About one-third were taking antidepressant medication and over half had elevated depressive symptoms. Relative to social services, lifestyle and lifestyle plus medication therapy management were both similarly effective at increasing diabetes knowledge, nutrition habits, sleep quality and decreasing pain; 2) lifestyle alone was superior to social services for self-reported health; and, 3) all three groups showed improved anxiety and insomnia. There were no effects on physical activity or physical functioning. Conclusion: Community health worker interventions have multiple benefits beyond delaying diabetes. Practice Implications: Health promotion programs that are designed and delivered appropriately can impact even hard to reach and hard to treat groups. 相似文献
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目的 新内镜中心验收过程中模拟内镜清洗消毒流程,查找存在的问题并给予解决方案。方法 新内镜中心验收中采用人工和全自动机清洗方法模拟内镜清洗消毒流程,对终末漂洗用纯水及清洗消毒后内镜进行微生物学检测,根据检测结果分析不合格原因并针对性进行改进。结果 纯水供给管道消毒前后内镜终末漂洗用纯水检测合格率分别0、100%,染菌量中位数(四分位数)分别为200(186,213)、1.5(0,6)CFU/100 mL,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。酶液浓度调整前后人工清洗消毒内镜检测合格率分别为80.00%、91.67%。全自动内镜清洗消毒机(AER)自身消毒前后,自动清洗消毒机空载运行后水标本检测合格率分别为30%、100%,染菌量中位数(四分位数)分别为97.5(8,175)、4(1.75,6.00)CFU/100 mL,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。对管腔疑似有生物膜形成的内镜用2 000 mg/L过氧乙酸消毒后,合格率达100%。结论 新内镜中心纯水供给管道未消毒、内镜清洗环节中酶液浓度错误、AER未进行自身消毒、内镜管腔生物膜形成是此次新内镜中心验收过程中发现的问题,针对性改进后,问题得到解决。为保障医疗安全和医疗质量,医疗机构应积极重视新内镜中心启用前的验收工作,消除造成内镜消毒不合格的危险因素。 相似文献
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摘 要 目的:探讨影响肺癌患者化疗后血常规与肝肾功能自我管理能力的因素,为临床药师和医师对肺癌患者的指导和管理提供思路。 方法: 通过面对面交流和问卷调查两种方式对使用静脉化疗药物进行一线治疗的原发性支气管肺癌患者进行调查分析,调查项目包括年龄、性别、学历、经济情况、职业、居住区域、伴随的慢性疾病及用药、肿瘤类型及分期、体力状况 (PS) 评分等基本情况,以及是否定期复查、是否规律处理相应异常指标等依从性评价内容,分析影响患者化疗后血常规与肝肾功能自我管理能力的因素。 结果: 患者年龄、PS评分对患者的复查依从有明显影响 (P<0.05),患者年龄对规范处理血常规与肝肾功能异常指标的意识有明显影响(P<0.05)。经Logistics回归分析, 年龄、PS评分是影响肺癌化疗患者复查依从的独立风险因素,年龄是影响血常规与肝肾功能异常指标规范处理意识的独立风险因素(P<0.05)。 结论: 药师有必要在患者每一周期入院化疗时均开展药学服务,尤其需强化年龄≥60岁的老年患者、PS评分为1的患者以及家属对血常规与肝肾功能规范管理的认识。 相似文献
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