利培酮和齐拉西酮对精神分裂症患者血浆细胞因子的影响

目的:研究抗精神病药对精神分裂症患者细胞因子的影响。方法:符合ICD-10精神分裂症诊断的60名患者,随机分为利培酮组(给予利培酮治疗)和齐拉西酮组(给于齐拉西酮治疗),并以健康对照组比较,对患者在治疗前及治疗8周后测量血浆IL-2、IL-6及TNF-α水平,并对患者进行PANSS量表评定。结果:两组患者治疗前后血浆IL-2、IL-6及TNF-α水平与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后血浆IL-2、IL-6及TNF-α水平较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前IL-2水平与PANSS量表阳性症状评分呈正相关(r=0.54,P0.05)治疗后TNF-α与阴性症状分呈显著正相关(r=0.41,P0.05)。结论:精神分裂症患者存在免疫功能异常,利培酮和齐拉西酮可以降低精神分裂症患者细胞因子水平。细胞因子水平与精神病理存在一定相关性。     

阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗精神分裂症患者的疗效及不良反应

目的:观察阿立哌唑、利培酮治疗精神分裂症患者的疗效、不良反应及安全性。方法:将60例符合CCMD-3诊断标准的精神分裂症患者随机分为两组,分别给予患者阿立哌唑、利培酮治疗8周,于治疗前以及治疗2、4和8周采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定患者的疗效,不良反应量表(TESS)评定患者的不良反应。结果:两组患者治疗的疗效相当。利培酮组患者的锥体外系反应、内分泌以及体重增加多于阿立哌唑组。结论:阿立哌唑治疗精神分裂症患者的疗效与利培酮相似,但不良反应更少。     

清心定志汤配合利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症的疗效

目的:探讨清心定志汤配合利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症的疗效。方法:将2017年11月-2018年11月在承德市双滦区人民医院精神科治疗的104例首发精神分裂症患者随机分为两组,对照组采用利培酮治疗,观察组采用清心定志汤配合利培酮治疗,比较两组患者的临床疗效、PANSS评分变化、不良反应。结果:观察组治疗总有效率为94.23%(49/52),明显高于对照组的76.92%(40/52)(P<0.05);观察组治疗后阳性症状、阴性症状、精神病理、PANSS总分均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组失眠、静坐不能、头晕头痛、肌强直、体重增加、震颤等不良反应发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:清心定志汤配合利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症的疗效显著,能有效缓解精神症状,不良反应发生率低,具有积极的临床意义。     

利培酮联合改良电休克或重复经颅磁刺激治疗精神分裂症的疗效观察

目的 探讨在非典型抗精神病药物利培酮作用基础上联合改良电休克治疗（MECT）或重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）治疗精神分裂症的疗效及不良反应.方法 将72例精神分裂症患者采用随机数字表法分为MECT组与rTMS组,各36例,分别给予利培酮（起始剂量3 ml/d,最大剂量6 ml/d）联合MECT或rTMS,在治疗1、2、4及8周末,采用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定临床疗效,并且在2周末采用不良反应症状量表（TESS）评估不良反应.结果 经过8周治疗后,MECT组与rTMS组的有效率之间（72.22％比63.88％）差异无统计学意义（x2=2.017,P＞0.05）.两组在治疗前和治疗各阶段PANSS总分及各因子分差异均无统计学意义,在治疗8周末与组内治疗前比较,各项评分均显著下降,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.治疗2周末时评估,MECT组发生不良反应例数（25例）明显高于rTMS组（18例）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（x2=5.808,P＜0.05）.结论 利培酮联合MECT或rTMS对精神分裂症状的疗效相当,而rTMS治疗的不良反应更少.     

利培酮联合小剂量万拉法新治疗精神分裂症阴性症状临床观察

目的探讨利培酮联合小剂量万拉法新治疗精神分裂症阴性症状的临床疗效和安全性。方法将40例精神分裂症患者随机分为治疗组(利培酮 文拉法辛)和对照组(利培酮)各20例,利培酮治疗剂量2~6mg·d-1,万拉法新75~100mg·d-1,疗程8w。治疗前后采用阴性症状量表和副反应量表评定临床疗效与不良反应。结果两组治疗后阴性症状量表总分和因子分均显著下降,差异有显著或极显著性(P<0.05,0.01);治疗组阴性症状量表总分、情感平淡、思维贫乏、意志缺乏、兴趣缺乏等因子分较对照组下降明显,差异有显著或极显著性(P<0.05或0.01)。不良反应两组无显著性差异。结论利培酮联合小剂量万拉法新治疗精神分裂症阴性症状疗效优于单用利培酮治疗。     

Cost analysis of risperidone long-acting injection in the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders in Hong Kong: An approach using generalised estimating equations

Schizophrenia is one of the most expensive psychiatric illnesses. This study compared retrospectively health-care resources consumed 12 months before and 24 months after risperidone long-acting injection (RLAI) treatment in Hong Kong. A mirror-image analysis was conducted using data (N=191) from three public hospitals in Hong Kong from 2003 to 2007. The main outcome measure was hospitalisation cost. Other secondary outcomes such as hospitalisation episodes, outpatient visits and adverse events were also compared. A predictive model was established using linear regression based on generalised estimating equations. Analysis showed that RLAI was associated with a reduction in hospitalisation cost by HK$10,001,390 (24.7%) (HK$40,418,694 vs. HK$30,417,303; P-value <0.05). Days of hospitalisation were reduced by 1538 days (10.1%) (15,271 vs. 13,733; P-value <0.05). The predictive model estimated that the hospitalisation cost of patients using RLAI was only 11.1% (3.1–3.93%, 95% confidence interval (CI)) compared to those receiving conventional antipsychotics combined with oral risperidone. Cost of hospitalisation was significantly reduced after RLAI therapy. However, results should be considered as indicative or suggestive only, due to potential channelling bias where certain drug regimens are preferentially prescribed to patients with particular conditions. The findings from our study may be useful in health-care decision making considering treatment options for schizophrenia in resource-limited settings.     

Risperidone treatment of neuroleptic-induced tardive extrapyramidal symptoms

Tardive extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) induced by neuroleptic treatment, and particularly EPS which persist after withdrawal of the drugs, are clinically serious problems. We describe a patient with four types of tardive and persistent EPS such as dystonia, dyskinesia, choreatic movement and myoclonus, induced by haloperidol. These EPS were remarkably inhibited by 3 mg/day risperidone. This is the first published case demonstrating simultaneous development of these four types of tardive EPS induced by a neuroleptic and then reduced by low-dose risperidone treatment. ( Int J Psych Clin Pract 2000; 4: 241 - 243)     

The effect of treatment with risperidone,olanzapine or phenothiazines on cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia

INTRODUCTION: Theaimofthestudywastocomparetheeffectsofrisperidone, olanzapine and phenothiazines on cognitive functions in schizophrenia during short-term (4 &#45 6 weeks) and long-term (3 &#45 4 months) treatment. METHOD: Seventy patients with schizophrenia were investigated: 30 treated with risperidone, 20 with olanzapine and 20 with phenothiazines, in standard doses. Psychometric measurements were made with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and neuropsychological tests included the Trail Making Test (TMT), the Stroop Test and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). RESULTS: PANSS negative symptoms decreased significantly after risperidone and olanzapine, did not change after short-term, and improved marginally after long-term, phenothiazine treatment. Risperidone treatment resulted in significant amelioration of performance on all neuropsychological tests after both short- and long-term treatment. Olanzapine gave benefit on five out of seven subtests, although in most instances this effect was noted only after long-term treatment. Olanzapine was inferior to risperidone in improving WCST performance. Treatment with phenothiazines brought about improvement on two subtests while the results on three showed significant deterioration. CONCLUSION: The results obtained suggest that novel antipsychotics show differential effect on cognition, with risperidone especially improving working memory; however, their effect on negative symptoms and cognitive functions is better than that of typical neuroleptics.     

齐拉西酮与利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症的疗效和安全性

目的观察齐拉西酮与利培酮对首发精神分裂症患者的治疗效果和不良反应,以更好地为精神分裂症患者进行治疗。方法选择2010年8月-2012年8月广州市脑科医院收治的首发精神病患者64例为研究对象,随机分为两组。对照组给予利培酮治疗,实验组给予齐拉西酮治疗,对比观察两组疗效和不良反应。结果实验组患者经治疗,其PANSS优于对照组患者,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组不良反应发生率明显低于对照组(32例患者共发生14例),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论使用齐拉西酮对首发精神病患者进行治疗可取得更好的治疗效果,且患者不良反应少,值得临床推广应用。     

利培酮联合碳酸锂治疗分裂情感性精神病的疗效分析

目的分析利培酮联合碳酸锂治疗分裂情感性精神病的疗效。方法选取2013年4月~2015年1月我院收治的60例分裂情感性精神病患者,将其按照数字表法分为对照组(n=25)和治疗组(n=35),比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果治疗前后前后的抑郁、燥狂评分比较,P0.05,差异具有统计学意义;对照组患者不良反应的发生率20%高于治疗组的3%,P0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结论利培酮联合碳酸锂治疗分裂情感性精神病能有效的改善患者的抑郁和燥狂情绪。