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排序方式: 共有109条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
目的探究我国真实世界中,于不同地域医院行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者对二级预防用药的依从性及其长期预后。方法冠心病抗血小板治疗优选方案(OPT-CAD)研究是一项前瞻性、多中心、注册登记研究。本研究选取OPT-CAD研究中诊断为ACS且行PCI治疗的患者。以长江一线为中国南北方分界线,根据患者就诊医院的地理位置分南方组和北方组。为减少选择偏倚和潜在的混杂因素,两组间患者根据倾向性评分按1∶1最临近匹配法匹配。主要终点为患者出院后60个月随访期间发生的主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE),包括心原性死亡、心肌梗死和/或缺血性卒中的复合终点;次要终点为60个月全因死亡、心原性死亡、心肌梗死、缺血性卒中以及出血学术研究联合会(BARC)定义的2、3、5型出血。记录患者的二级预防用药情况,二级预防药物包括:抗血小板药、他汀类、β受体阻滞、血管紧张素转化酶抑制/血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂类(ACEI/ARB)等。匹配前后均比较两组患者的二级预防用药情况及临床事件发生率。结果本研究共纳入7049例ACS患者,其中南方组共1958例患者,北方组共5091例。倾向性评分匹配后南方组和北方组各1324例。匹配前,北方组患者中吸烟、合并高血压及糖尿病、有既往史(心肌梗死、PCI及卒中)和冠心病家族史的比例较南方组高(P均<0.05)。北方组复杂病变、弥漫病变、小血管病变和血栓病变占比均高于南方组(P均<0.05)。出院后60个月,南方与北方组的抗血小板治疗模式差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),其中南方组患者使用氯吡格雷单药治疗的比例高于北方组[9.8%(130/1324)比1.1%(14//1324)],而北方组患者使用阿司匹林单药治疗的比例高于南方组[(67.4%(893/1324)比46.5%(616/1324)]。其他二级预防用药的使用上,南方组患者接受β受体阻滞剂[24.5%(325/1324)比16.8%(222/1324),P<0.001]及ACEI/ARB[19.4%(257/1324)比10.0%(133/1324),P<0.001]治疗的比例高于北方组。匹配后,北方组出院后60个月MACCE[8.4%(111/1324)比6.2%(82/1324),P=0.030]和BARC2、3、5型出血[6.0%(80/1324)比4.0%(53/1324),P=0.016]发生率高于南方组。结论与南方地区相比,北方地区PCI术后的ACS患者伴合并症和危险因素的比例较高,冠状动脉病变更为复杂,对药物依从性较差,预后也相对较差。  相似文献   
2.
目的 探讨1985-2010年宁夏回族7~18岁中小学生速度素质与耐力素质动态变化趋势,为学校体育工作提供科学依据。方法 利用1985-2010年全国学生体质调查资料,对宁夏回族7~18岁中、小学生50 m跑、7~12岁男女生50 m×8往返跑、13~18岁男生1 000 m跑及女生800 m跑数据进行分析比较。结果 1985-2010年的25年间,宁夏回族7~18岁男、女生50 m跑成绩分别下降0.006 s、0.24 s,2005年成绩尚高于1985年,2010年已低于1985年;耐力跑成绩下降明显,7~12岁男、女生50 m×8成绩分别下降7.76 s、6.68 s(P<0.01),13~18岁男生1 000 m跑成绩下降16.38 s(P<0.01),女生800 m跑成绩下降15.45 s(P<0.01)。1985-1991年间,城男、乡男、城女、乡女学生50 m跑、耐力跑成绩显著提高(P<0.05),1991-2010年间,中小学生50 m跑、耐力跑成绩呈下降趋势;12岁50 m跑城市学生成绩高于乡村,50 m×8往返跑乡村学生成绩高于城市,17岁800 m、1 000 m跑乡村学生成绩高于城市。结论 25年间,宁夏回族中小学生速度素质与耐力素质不容乐观,需采取全面有效的措施促进学生体质健康水平的提高。  相似文献   
3.
《Radiography》2022,28(3):831-837
IntroductionRheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects 1% of the population and is principally associated with joint inflammation. It is suggested however that muscle involvement may be one of the earliest clinical features of RA. It is therefore important that techniques exist to accurately assess muscle health in those with RA to enable successful treatment. This study assesses the inter-rater and intra-rater repeatability of Diffusion Tensor MRI (DTI), 2-Point Dixon fat fraction, and T2 relaxation of the thigh muscle in patients with RA using manual regions of interest (ROI).MethodsNineteen patients (10/19 males; mean age 59; range 18–85) diagnosed with RA had an MRI scan of their hamstrings and quadriceps muscles to obtain fat fraction (FF), mean diffusivity (MD), fractional anisotropy (FA), and T2 quantitative measurements. Two raters DB & MF independently contoured ROIs for each patient. DB repeated the ROI for the same 19 patients after a 6-month hiatus to assess intra-rater repeatability. Inter-rater and intra-rater repeatability for the ROI measurements were compared using Inter Class Correlation (ICC) and Bland–Altman plots.ResultsThere was excellent agreement for both inter-rater and intra-rater repeatability. ICC results ranged from 0.900 to 0.998 (P < 0.001), and intra-rater ICC results ranged from 0.977 to 0.999 (P < 0.001). Bland–Altman plots also showed excellent agreement.ConclusionsICC measurements and Bland–Altman plots showed excellent repeatability and agreement with no statistically significant differences when assessing the inter-rater and intra-rater repeatability of FF, MD, FA, and T2 relaxation of the thigh muscle using manual regions of interest in patients with RA.Implications for practiceManual ROI drawing does not introduce significant errors obtaining FF, MD, FA, and T2 MRI measurements in an RA population.  相似文献   
4.
Miranda do Douro, located in the northeastern region of Portugal, has notable characteristics not only from a geographic or naturalistic point of view, but also from a cultural perspective. A remarkable one is the coexistence of two different languages: Portuguese and Mirandese, the second being an Astur-Leonese dialect. The current persistence of the Astur-Leonese dialect in this population falls on the singularity of the region: relative isolation, implying difficulties to communicate with other Portuguese regions, while the same location facilitated the establishment of social and commercial relationships with adjacent Spanish territories, origin of the Astur-Leonese language.The objective of this study was to characterize the population from Miranda through the analysis of maternal lineages in order to evaluate whether its mitochondrial DNA diversity fitted the patterns previously reported for other populations from the Iberian Peninsula. Viewing that, the entire control region of mitochondrial DNA from 121 individuals was examined.Miranda showed a haplogroup composition usual for a Western European population, in the sense that as high as 63.6% of sequences belonged to macro-haplogroup R0. Lineages ascribed to have an African (L2a and L1b) origin, were detected, but reaching an amount commonly found in Portugal. Miranda also presented a few haplogroups typically found in Jewish populations, while rarely observed in other Iberian populations. The finding can be explained by gene flow with crypto-Jew communities that since long are known to be established in the region where Miranda is located.In Miranda, both genetic and nucleotide diversities presented low values (0.9292 ± 0.0180 and 0.01101 ± 0.00614 respectively) when compared to populations from its micro-geographical framework, which constitute a sign of population isolation that certainly provided conditions for the survival of the Astur-Leonese dialect in the region.  相似文献   
5.
目的:构建针对端粒酶hTERT基因的U6/H1双启动子siRNA表达框架(SEC),并观察其转录产物对HeLa细胞端粒酶活性的干扰作用。 方法:利用融合PCR技术,针对人端粒酶hTERT基因开放阅读区构建3条U6/H1双启动子SEC以及针对其3''端非翻译区构建1条U6/H1双启动子SEC,对各SEC鉴定后,分别转染人宫颈癌HeLa细胞,用端粒重复序列扩增法(TRAP)检测HeLa细胞的端粒酶活性。 结果:4种针对端粒酶hTERT基因的U6/H1双启动子SEC均成功构建,转染HeLa细胞后,对端粒酶活性的抑制率分别为36.8%、57.39%、80.47%、70.31%。 结论:针对端粒酶hTERT基因的U6/H1双启动子SEC的成功构建,为开展肿瘤端粒酶基因干扰的实验研究提供了新的有效手段。  相似文献   
6.
Alcohol consumption frequency and volume are known to be related to health problems among drinkers. Most of the existing literature that analyses regional variation in drinking behaviour uses measures of consumption that relate only to volume, such as ’binge drinking’. This study compares the regional association of alcohol consumption using measures of drinking frequency (daily drinking) and volume (binge drinking) using a nationally representative sample of residents using the Health Survey for England, 2011–2013. Results suggest the presence of two differentiated drinking patterns with relevant policy implications. We find that people in northern regions are more likely to binge drink, whereas people in southern regions are more likely to drink on most days. Regression analysis shows that regional variation in binge drinking remains strong when taking into account individual and neighbourhood level controls. The findings provide support for regional targeting of interventions that aim to reduce the frequency as well as volume of drinking.  相似文献   
7.
The mechanism of quinolone-resistance is considered to be amino acid mutations in the type II topoisomerase. We validated the genetic mechanisms of quinolone resistance in Haemophilus influenzae.We obtained 29 H. influenzae strains from a nationwide surveillance program in Japan (including 11 quinolone-resistant strains [moxifloxacin: MFLX or levofloxacin MIC ≥2 μg/ml]). We analyzed the sequences of the Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions (QRDRs) in GyrA, GyrB, ParC and ParE. Furthermore, we induced resistance in susceptible strains by exposing them to quinolone, and investigated the relationship between mutations in the QRDRs and the MICs.Five amino acid substitutions in GyrA (at Ser84 and Asp88) and ParC (at Gly82, Ser84 and Glu88) were found to be closely related to the MICs. The strains with a MFLX MIC of 0.125–1 and 2–4 μg/ml had one and two mutations, respectively. The strains with a MFLX MIC of ≥8 μg/ml had three or more mutations. The strains with induced resistance with MFLX MICs of 0.5–1 and ≥2 μg/ml also had one and two mutations, respectively.We confirmed that these five mutations strongly contribute to quinolone resistance and found that the degree of resistance is related to the number of the mutations. In addition, the three strains of 18 susceptible strains (16.7%) also had a single mutation. These strains may therefore be in the initial stage of quinolone resistance. Currently, the frequency of quinolone-resistant H. influenzae is still low. However, as has occurred with β-lactams, an increase in quinolone use may lead to more quinolone-resistant strains.  相似文献   
8.
In their paper "Copy number variations in 6q14.1 and 5q13.2 are associated with alcohol dependence" Lin and colleagues report on the association between alcohol dependence and 2 duplication CNVs in the genome sequence, one containing 8 genes within its boundaries and another that contains no genes. In this commentary, I point out some of the opportunities and challenges that arise from such a finding.  相似文献   
9.
不同产地仙茅药材的HPLC指纹图谱研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
马鹏  李隆云  喻强  卫莹芳  钟国跃 《中国药房》2011,(39):3692-3694
目的:建立仙茅药材的指纹图谱,并比较不同产地仙茅指纹图谱的差异,为科学评价仙茅的质量提供参考依据。方法:采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Diama(钻石)C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.1%乙酸水溶液(梯度洗脱),检测波长为285nm,柱温为30℃,流速为1mL·min-1,洗脱时间为80min。结果:指纹图谱研究的各项参数均符合有关规定。仙茅不同产地17批药材中有14批的指纹图谱相似度较高,有13个共有峰,各共有峰之间的分离度较好。结论:仙茅指纹图谱的特征性及专属性强,可用于仙茅药材的质量控制;不同产地仙茅的化学组成存在一定差异,固定产地来源对保障仙茅药材质量的稳定性有着重要意义。  相似文献   
10.
慢性乙型肝炎患者HBe系统与HBV DNA前C区基因突变的分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
目的研究HBV DNA前C区基因突变与HBe系统的关系.方法对88例慢性乙型肝炎患者进行HBVDNA基因检测(PCR法)、分子克隆及序列分析.结果88例患者中,血清HBV DNA阴性22例,阳性66例.从阳性患者中检出野生株感染22例,占33.3%;突变株感染44例,占66.7%.44例突变株感染者中38例属1898位点及/或1901位点突变,占86.4%;其他形式突变6例,占13.6%;66例血清HBV DNA阳性中,CHB 49例,LC 17例,突变株感染检出率分别为69.3%、58.8%,两者经统计学处理无显著性差异(P>0.05).在HBe系统中,HBV DNA阳性患者属HBeAg(+)者44例,其中突变株检出率为75.0%(33/44),属抗HBe(+)者20例,其中突变株检出率为50.0%(10/20),两者经统计学处理有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论①在HBe系统中,HBeAg(+)患者的突变株检出率高于抗HBe(+)患者(P<0.05),提示其位点突变株在HBeAg(+)中占优势,与以往文献报道中关于1896位点突变株主要存在于抗-HBe(+)患者中的结论不尽相同.因此,应考虑HBeAg(+)患者也存在病毒突变的可能.②HBV慢性感染过程中,CHB患者与LC患者的突变株感染检出率无显著性差异(P>0.05),表明在1898及/或1901位点的突变株感染与肝脏损害程度无平行关系.  相似文献   
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