国内住培中医患沟通研究现状的分析与思考

目的通过文献计量法分析国内住院医师规范化培训(简称住培)中关于医患沟通的研究现状,为提高住培过程中医患沟通能力提出建设性对策。方法应用文献检索策略,在中文期刊全文数据库搜索并导出自2000年1月1日—2020年2月29日以来有关住培中医患沟通的全部文献,以文献标题、发表时间和研究内容等构建Excel数据库,并进行统计分析。结果查到住培相关医患沟通的相关文献共70篇,均于2009年以后发表,文献研究数量逐年增加;文献作者所在地域分布不均匀;作者单位主要以大学附属医院为主;文献多出自于教育类、临床类和管理类期刊;文献的研究方法主要以理论论述为主,缺乏干预性研究;文献的被引次数较低,文献质量相对较差;文献的研究内容主要对医患沟通的重要性、内涵建设、现状与挑战和提高医患沟通措施方面进行了阐述。结论医患沟通培训在住培中并未受到充分重视,需在住培期间加强医患沟通教育,培养医患沟通能力,为创建新型医患关系奠定坚实的基础。     

OK,Boomer, MD: The Rights of Aging Physicians and the Health of Our Communities

How do we balance the rights of aging physicians against the right of the public to competent health care? This version of a classic public health ethics dilemma is here now and likely to increase as the population ages. Peer review has long been the standard mechanism for assessing physician competence, but it is subjective and too easily subverted. New options are needed, both in medicine and throughout the professions, but they are challenging to implement. Physicians have an ethical obligation to protect the health of the public by acknowledging, assessing, and addressing the cognitive effects of aging on medical competence.     

Total and partial clinical inertia of general physicians with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Central Bosnia Canton

BackgroundThe goal of this study was to determine the frequency and predictive factors of partial (PCI) and total clinical inertia (TCI) of general physicians (GPs) in Central Bosnia Canton in the care of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.Material and MethodsA longitudinal study was conducted with a prospective data collection. Total of 541 subjects of over 40 years of age with type 2 diabetes mellitus of both genders were included in the study. Total of 532 subjects completed the study. Questionnaires for physicians and patients and the Perceived Stress Scale were used, as well as anthropometric measurements and measurements of the glucose level in plasma, HbA1c, triglycerides, AST, ALT, creatinine and eGFR, which were examined on the day of study entry, after 6 months and after one year.ResultsTCI was 5.8% and PCI was 25.6%. Patients with poorly regulated glycaemia and elevated triglyceride levels had the highest probability of PCI and TCI. Patients with an unaccomplished targeted level of blood pressure were more likely to experience PCI. Patients treated by both an internist and a general physician were more likely to have TCI as compared to patients treated only by an internist.ConclusionsPatients with poor glycemic control experience PCI and TCI more often. In our study, referring to a diabetologist was observed as a non-inert procedure, which resulted in lower PCI and TCI, compared to studies where clinical inertia was defined only as non-intensification of medication therapy.     

医师对临床药学服务需求的国外测量方法介绍及经验借鉴

目的：为我国开发科学合理的医师对临床药学服务测量工具提供参考。方法：通过文献检索归纳和分析国外现有医师对临床药学服务测量工具。结果：国外常用的医师对临床药学服务测量工具主要为加利福尼亚州的Current Expectations-Current Experience-Future Expectations问卷（简称为"California问卷"）和科威特的Perceptions-Expectations-Experience问卷（简称为"Kuwait问卷"）。与California问卷相比，Kuwait问卷的理论基础更加切合我国实际情况，维度内涵与我国部分医师对临床药学服务测量工具相近；Kuwait问卷的题项是以California问卷为基础进行科学合理调整编制；Kuwait问卷的实践应用范围更为广泛，并已在我国部分地区完成相关研究。结论：California问卷和Kuwait问卷对我国测量工具分析框架的明确、开发过程的完善、实证检验的加强具有较强的指导意义。     

Association between first oral examination characteristics and dental treatment needs in privately insured children: A claims data analysis

BackgroundEarly childhood caries (ECC) remains the most common, preventable infectious disease among children in the United States. Screening is recommended after the eruption of the first tooth, but it is unclear how the age at first dental examination is associated with eventual restorative treatment needs. The authors of this study sought to determine how provider type and age at first dental examination are associated longitudinally with caries experience among children in the United States.MethodsDeidentified claims data were included for 706,636 privately insured children aged 0 through 6 years as part of the nationwide IBM Watson Health Market Scan (2012-2017). The authors used Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to describe the association between the age of first visit and restorative treatment needs.ResultsA total of 21% of this population required restorative treatment, and the average age at first dental examination was 3.6 years. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model showed increased hazard for restorative treatment with age at first dental visit at 3 years (hazard ratio, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.97 to 2.13) and 4 years (hazard ratio, 3.99; 95% CI, 3.84 to 4.16).ConclusionThe high proportion of children requiring restorative treatment and late age at first dental screening show needed investments in educating general dentists, medical students, and pediatricians about oral health guidelines for pediatric patients.Practical ImplicationsCommunicating the importance of children establishing a dental home by age 1 year to parents and health care professionals may help reduce disease burden in children younger than 6 years.     

国外药师与医师协作实践及其对我国的启示

目的：研究国外药师与医师协作实践现状,为提升我国药师与医师的协作提供借鉴。方法：查阅文献,梳理国外药师与医师协作实践经验,总结出对我国的启示。结果：美国、英国、加拿大等国家在药师与医师协作方面取得较大进展,采取有效的激励措施,形成了较为完善的协作模式,建立了较为健全的法律规章,对我国有重要的参考意义。结论：我国应从优化药学课程设置、设置协作药物治疗管理项目、拓展药师工作职能、运用财务激励、健全相关法律法规等方面着手促进我国药师与医师协作。