蒙药安神补心六味丸预防给药对心肌缺血大鼠的保护作用及氧化应激水平的影响＊

目的 研究蒙药安神补心六味丸对大鼠心肌缺血损伤的保护作用和氧化应激机制。方法 将60只大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、阳性对照组（丹参滴丸）及蒙药安神补心六味丸低、中、高剂量组，使用腹腔注射异丙肾上腺素方法制备大鼠急性心肌缺血模型，记录并观察大鼠心电图活动变化，然后进行腹主动脉取血，分离血清，测定乳酸脱氢酶（Lactic dehydrogenase，LDH）、肌酸激酶（Creatine kinase，CK）、磷酸肌酸激酶（Creatine kinase isoenzyme，CK-MB）、谷草转氨酶（Aspartate aminotransferase，AST）、超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase，SOD）、丙二醛（Malondialdehyde，MDA）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（Glutathione peroxidase，GSH-PX）含量变化。取心肌组织固定，对大鼠心肌组织进行HE染色，通过对心肌酶学和和心肌组织形态学两个方面来考察蒙药安神补心六味丸对大鼠心肌缺血模型的保护作用。结果 与空白组比较，模型组大鼠血清中LDH活性极显著升高（P<0.01），CK、CK-MB、AST、MDA活性均显著升高（P<0.05），SOD活性显著降低（P<0.05），GSH-PX活性高度显著降低（P<0.001），且差异均具有统计学意义；与模型组比较，蒙药安神补心六味丸组高剂量组大鼠血清中LDH、CK、CK-MB、MDA活性显著降低（P<0.05），SOD活性显著升高（P<0.05），GSH-PX活性极显著升高（P<0.01），且差异均具有统计学意义。从HE染色分析，蒙药安神补心六味丸能够改善因缺血而造成的心肌组织损伤。结论 蒙药安神补心六味丸能有效改善心肌组织病理状态，减轻大鼠心肌缺血损伤，以达到保护心肌作用，机制可能与氧化应激机制相关。     

凉血通瘀方干预高血压大鼠急性脑出血模型对脑组织中差异miRNA表达的影响＊

目的 研究凉血通瘀方对高血压大鼠急性脑出血模型脑组织miRNA表达的影响，对差异表达的miRNA靶基因进行分析，探索凉血通瘀方可能的药效机制。方法 将自发性高血压大鼠随机分成对照组（B）和实验组（C）。适应性饲养一周后，C组灌胃凉血通瘀方，B组灌胃等体积生理盐水，连续5天，每天1次。构建脑出血模型后收集脑组织，借助全转录组测序技术获得miRNA表达量，与miRBase数据库比对获取已知miRNA，使用miRDeep2预测新miRNA。差异分析软件为DESeq2，筛选阈值为|log₂FC| ≥1 并且P <0.05。对显著差异表达的miRNA进行靶基因预测，对靶基因进行GO功能、KEGG通路富集和PPI网络分析。结果 实验组和对照组对比，共发现21个显著差异表达的miRNA，上调有9个，下调有12个，共预测得到1243个有统计学意义的靶基因。GO富集分析发现，生物过程中突触囊泡分泌的调节、神经递质分泌的调节和神经递质运输的调节占前三位，神经元投射终点、全膜、质膜区域和细胞投射则是主要的细胞成分。分子功能分别为小GTPase绑定、底物特异性跨膜转运蛋白活性和离子跨膜转运体活性。通路分析结果显示，靶基因在癌证通路、pI3K-Akt信号通路、人类乳头瘤病毒感染、神经活性配体-受体相互作用和MAPK通路等分布广泛。采用STRING网站和Cytoscape软件，根据MCC算法筛选出ADRA2C、CASR、CCL28、CCR1、DRD2、GNAT3、GRM2、DYNC1LI1、GABBR1、GNAI1等核心靶基因。结论 凉血通瘀方对脑出血急性期鼠脑组织内miRNA的表达有重要影响；显著差异表达miRNAs可能通过靶向核心基因调控凉血通瘀方干预急性脑出血的病理过程及预后。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸融合术后远端附加现象的研究进展

<正>随着矫形技术的发展以及临床医生对特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)研究的逐渐深入,AIS通过手术矫形的效果得到了显著提高。但脊柱外科医师~([1、2])在对AIS患者术后随访时发现,部分患者在术后融合节段下方出现了弯曲加重的表现,这就是脊柱侧凸矫形术后远端附加现象。远端附加现象是AIS患者行选择性胸弯融合术治疗后常见的一种冠状面失平衡现象,多见于行选择性胸弯融     

Promising activity of Anthemis austriaca Jacq. on the endometriosis rat model and isolation of its active constituents

Anthemis austriaca Jacq. flowers are traditionally used to alleviate abdominal pain, hemorrhoids, ovary diseases and pneumonia. This study aimed to investigate the effects of A. austriaca flowers, which are frequently used in gynecological disorders, on the rat endometriosis model. The rat endometriosis model was used to evaluate the potential activity of the plant in endometriosis. The dried plant material was extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and methanol (MeOH), successively. The obtained extracts from A. austriaca flowers were applied to the rats. The adhesion scores, endometrial foci areas, and cytokine levels of the peritoneal fluids were measured on surgical induction of endometriosis in rats. The adhesion scores, endometriotic volume, and cytokine levels of the peritoneal fluids were reduced in the EtOAc, MeOH, and buserelin acetate-treated (reference) groups. The MeOH extract reduced the adhesion scores and endometrial foci areas from 3.1 to 1.1 (p < 0.01) and from 86.4 to 40.5 (p < 0.01), respectively and also the MeOH extract reduced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and interleukin (IL)-6 levels of the peritoneal fluids from 13.7 to 3.8 (p < 0.01), from 28.4 to 16.3 (p < 0.05) and from 50.2 to 24.3 (p < 0.01), respectively. Therefore, isolation studies were conducted on the EtOAc and MeOH extracts. After the MeOH extract was fractionated using RP-18 column, the obtained subfractions were evaluated again on the endometriosis rat model. Subfractions A and C of the MeOH extract displayed statistically significant activity on the endometriosis rat model. Phytochemical investigation resulted in the isolation of 4-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one (1) from Fr. A and quercetin (2), apigenin-7-O-(3″-O-acetyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), apigenin-7-O-(6″-O-acetyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6) from Fr. C. Moreover, β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7) was isolated from the EtOAc extract. As a conclusion, the MeOH extract obtained from A. austriaca flowers contributed to the regression of endometriosis. In addition, flavonoids and sterols of the plant were detected as the possible compounds responsible for the activity.     

Effects of the loss and reconstruction of molar occlusal support on memory retrieval and hippocampal neuron density in rats

PurposeAnimal experiments have shown that the loss of occlusal support causes impairments in spatial cognition. Many reports have focused on the memory encoding process, and only few studies have investigated the effect on memory retrieval. This study aimed to examine the effects of both the loss and reconstruction of occlusal support on the memory retrieval process and on the number of hippocampal pyramidal cells.MethodsThe experimental animals were divided into a molarless group, in which molars were extracted, a denture-wearing molarless group with experimental dentures inserted after molar extraction, and a control group. Radial maze trials were performed for 20 consecutive days (acquisition phase). The rats were tested on long-term memory retention following the acquisition phase in eight trials every five days, and in an additional trial 20 days later (probe phase).ResultsThe denture-wearing molarless group showed higher levels of spatial learning and memory than the molarless group. There were no significant differences in memory retrieval during the probe phase between the denture-wearing molarless and the control group. The molarless group showed significantly worse spatial learning and memory and had fewer neurons in the hippocampus than the control group.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the loss of occlusal support decreases the number of pyramidal cells in the hippocampus and impairs memory decoding and retrieval. However, this effect is suppressed by the reconstruction of occlusal support.     

加味香砂六君子汤对胃癌大鼠的实验研究

目的:探究并分析加味香砂六君子汤通过抑制Wnt信号通路对胃癌大鼠桩蛋白(paxillin)、大鼠凋亡相关蛋白(RelA)表达的影响。方法:选取健康成年Wistar大鼠120只,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组60只,对2组大鼠进行胃癌造模处理,对照组大鼠又随机分为未处理组、处理(生理盐水)后8周组、处理(生理盐水)后12周组,每组20只。观察组大鼠又随机分为未处理组、处理(汤药)后8周组、处理(汤药)后12周组,每组20只。观察2组大鼠处理前、处理后8周、处理后12周paxillin、RelA。结果:2组大鼠处理前后体质量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),2组大鼠处理前体质量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),处理后,2组大鼠体质量有所降低,但观察组大鼠降低程度明显小于对照组(P<0.05);2组大鼠处理前后wnt-1、paxillin、RelA水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),2组大鼠处理前wnt-1、paxillin、RelA水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),处理后,2组大鼠wnt-1、paxillin、RelA水平呈降低趋势,但观察组大鼠wnt-1、paxillin、RelA水平明显小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:加味香砂六君子汤能有效通过抑制wnt以降低胃癌大鼠paxillin、RelA的表达。     

大鼠尾椎间盘退变造模器械的研发与应用

目的:研制一种简便、微创、针刺深度可控的大鼠椎间盘退变模型的造模器械。方法 :自行设计一种新型针刺大鼠尾椎间盘退变的造模器械,由C型套环和针筒两部分构成。取3月龄雄性SD大鼠20只,分为针刺组(10只)和对照组(10只),将造模器械的C型套环套在鼠尾上,用21G针对针刺组的大鼠尾椎Co6/7、Co8/9椎间盘分别行横贯(10mm)和半横贯穿刺(5mm);对照组大鼠尾椎无任何处理。造模前和造模后4周时对两组大鼠的尾部行X线片和MRI检查,在X线片上测量椎间盘高度,计算目标椎间盘高度指数(DHI)比;在MRI T2像上采用Pfirrmann评分评价目标椎间盘退变情况。再处死大鼠取目标椎间盘固定切片后行番红O染色,观察椎间盘退变情况;对非针刺节段尾椎间盘内注射造影剂(碘海醇)后,X线下显影并用针抽吸髓核组织。结果:造模过程中大鼠无死亡,术后无感染等并发症。向大鼠椎间盘注射碘海醇后造影显影良好,可以抽取一定量的髓核组织。造模后4周,针刺组Co6/7和Co8/9的DHI比分别为0.65±0.07和0.73±0.09、Pfirrmann退变评分分别为4.3±0.82和3.5±0.71分,对照组分别为0.98±0.02和0.97±0.02、1.1±0.32分和1.1±0.32分,两组同节段比较均有显著性差异(P0.05),针刺组两个节段间比较有显著性差异(P0.05),对照组两个节段间比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。番红O染色针刺组Co6/7髓核消失,与纤维环界限不清,终板骨化;针刺组Co8/9穿刺侧髓核和纤维结构紊乱,另一侧髓核与纤维环较完整;对照组Co6/7和Co8/9髓核、纤维环和终板形状完整,结构清晰。结论:造模器械穿刺可以成功建立大鼠尾椎间盘退变模型,且横贯穿刺较半横贯穿刺椎间盘退变重;利用该造模器械可以向椎间盘内注射造影剂或药物,抽取髓核。     

Experimental study on prophylactic effects of vardenafil in ischemia–reperfusion model with intestinal volvulus injury in rats

AimAn experimental study was performed to evaluate the effects of Vardenafil on ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury in an experimental volvulus model by histochemical and biochemical methods.Materials and methodsThirty-five male Wistar rats were divided in five groups (n = 7). In Group 1, a 5 cm segment of small intestine 2 cm proximal to cecum was excised to have a control group. In the second group, 5 cm segment of small intestine 2 cm proximal to cecum was rotated 360° clockwise direction and sutured with 4/0 polyglactin to generate an experimental model of volvulus. At the end of 2 h of ischemia, the same intestinal segment was sampled. In group 3, after achieving ischemia similar to group 2, two hours of reperfusion injury was obtained by removing the sutures. Rats in Group 4 received vardenafil after 1.5 h of ischemia and then 2 h of reperfusion. And finally, in Group 5, vardenafil was administered 2 h before laparotomy and 5 cm of intestine was removed without I/R injury. Intestinal segments were evaluated for total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) with biochemical and histopathological analysis.ResultsSerum TOS levels and OSI were not significantly different between groups (p = 0.910, P = 0,43 respectively). The serum TAS level was decreased in group 3 as compared to vardenafil groups 4 and 5, without a statistical significance (p = 0.428). In histopathologic analysis, we found that vardenafil, partially reduced I/R injury. The villus structure was preserved but, congestion and inflammation were moderate.ConclusionVardenafil partially reduced I/R injury histopathologically on intestine. Our study shows that it does not have statistically antioxidant effect on intestinal I/R injury in experimental model of volvulus. However, effects of vardenafil in I/R injury of liver, kidney, heart, testis, over and brain which were cited in literature were not confirmed with I/R injury on intestine.