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1.
《Vaccine》2022,40(52):7604-7612
Background and ObjectiveVaccine uptake during pregnancy remains low. Our objectives were to describe 1) development and adaptation of a clinician communication training intervention for maternal immunizations and 2) obstetrics and gynecology (ob-gyn) clinician and staff perspectives on the intervention and fit for the prenatal care context.MethodsDesign of the Motivational Interviewing for Maternal Immunizations (MI4MI) intervention was based on similar communication training interventions for pediatric settings and included presumptive initiation of vaccine recommendations (“You’re due for two vaccines today”) combined with motivational interviewing (MI) for hesitant patients. Interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with ob-gyn clinicians and staff in five Colorado clinics including settings with obstetric physicians, certified nurse midwives (CNMs), and clinician-trainees. Participants were asked about adapting training to the ob-gyn setting and their implementation experiences. Feedback was incorporated through iterative changes to training components.ResultsInterview and focus group discussion results from participants before (n = 3), during (n = 11) and after (n = 25) implementation guided intervention development and adaptation. Three virtual, asynchronous training components were created: a video and two interactive modules. This virtual format was favored due to challenges attending group meetings; however, participants noted opportunities to practice skills through role-play were lacking. Training modules were adapted to include common challenging vaccine conversations and live-action videos. Participants liked interactive training components and use of adult learning strategies. Some participants initially resisted the presumptive approach but later found it useful after applying it in their practices. Overall, participants reported that MI4MI training fit well with the prenatal context and recommended more inclusion of non-clinician staff.ConclusionsMI4MI training was viewed as relevant and useful for ob-gyn clinicians and staff. Suggestions included making training more interactive, and including more complex scenarios and non-clinician staff.  相似文献   
2.
围手术期低体温可引起许多严重的并发症,危及患者安全。本文对围手术期低体温的影响因素和预防措施进行了综述,旨在提高医务工作者对围手术期低体温的认识与重视,并为围手术期低体温的有效干预提供指导。  相似文献   
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ObjectivesOur study aimed to compare the effect of daily bathing with chlorhexidine, octenidine, or water and soap (routine care = control) on central line (CL)–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates in intensive care units (ICUs).MethodsA multicentre cluster-randomized controlled trial was done with a 12-month intervention period from February 1, 2017 to January 31, 2018 (octenidine and routine care group) or from June 1, 2017 to May 31, 2018 (chlorhexidine group). Wards were randomly assigned to one of two decolonization regimes or routine care (control). Intervention included daily bathing with 2% chlorhexidine-impregnated cloths or 0.08% octenidine wash mitts for 12 months, whereas the control group used water and soap (routine care). The primary outcome was incidence density of CLABSI per 1000 CL days. Poisson regression and generalized estimating equation models were applied.ResultsA total of 72 ICUs with 76 815 patients (22 897 patients in the chlorhexidine group, 25 127 in the octenidine group, and 28 791 in the routine care group) were included. Incidence densities were 0.90 CLABSI per 1000 CL days (95% CI 0.67–1.19) in the chlorhexidine group, 1.47 (95% CI 1.17–1.81) in the octenidine group, and 1.17 (95% CI 0.93–1.45) in the routine care group. Adjusted incidence rate ratios of CLABSI were 0.69 (95% CI 0.37–1.22, p = 0.28) in the chlorhexidine group and 1.22 (95% CI 0.54–2.75, p = 0.65) in the octenidine group (compared with routine care).DiscussionAntiseptic bathing with 2% chlorhexidine-impregnated cloths and 0.08% octenidine wash mitts lacks a significant preventive effect on CLABSI rates in ICUs. However, our trial has a high likelihood of being underpowered because CLABSI rates in the routine care group were approximately 40% lower than initially assumed.  相似文献   
5.
目的总结骨科围手术期患者静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)物理预防的证据,提高护理人员VTE物理预防措施实施依从性。方法根据澳大利亚JBI循证卫生保健中心证据总结方法学,检索骨科围手术期患者VTE物理预防相关文献,根据纳入文献类型,由研究人员独立进行质量评价,并提取、汇总最佳证据。结果共纳入文献17篇,包含10篇指南、1篇证据总结、2篇专家共识、4篇系统评价。经过分析,总结出7类共30条骨科围手术期患者VTE物理预防最佳证据。结论最佳证据可为护士提供循证依据。但在应用时,还需评估具体临床情境,结合专业判断和患者意愿,针对性选择证据,以促进护理质量的持续改进。  相似文献   
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BackgroundRecent studies have described the use of telehealth for pediatric surgical care during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to evaluate equity in telehealth use by comparing rates of utilization and satisfaction with pediatric surgical telemedicine among Hispanic patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients seen by a surgical subspecialty provider in the outpatient setting at a quaternary pediatric hospital between April 1 and June 30, 2020. Patients evaluated in the same three-month period in 2019 were analyzed as a historic control. Differences in Family Experience Survey (FES) responses based on race and ethnicity and preferred language of care were assessed using univariable and multivariable generalized linear modeling.ResultsThe pandemic cohort included fewer patients of Hispanic ethnicity and fewer Spanish-speakers. After controlling for visit type, comparison of Spanish-speaking and English-speaking patients revealed that Spanish-speaking families had significantly lower scores for FES items that evaluated healthcare provider explaining (IRR 0.74, 95% CI: 0.61–0.90), listening (IRR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.63–0.92), and time spent with the family (IRR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.60–0.89). There were no differences in FES responses based on insurance status or degree of medical complexity.ConclusionsTelehealth services were less commonly used among Hispanic and Spanish-speaking patients. Language may differentially affect family satisfaction with healthcare and telehealth solutions. Strategies to mitigate these inequities are needed and may include strengthening interpreter services and providing language-concordant care.Level of evidenceLevel IV.  相似文献   
7.
乳腺癌和心血管疾病是现代社会的两大“杀手”,严重威胁着中国女性的健康,目前两个学科之间关联共性尚未引起临床医师足够的重视,为相关的跨学科合作实践带来一定困难。因此,对于那些已存在心血管系统疾病或心血管疾病风险的乳腺癌患者,临床医师在进行相关抗肿瘤诊疗时,应用类似乳腺癌干预策略的方法来综合评估相关风险,进行相关心脏毒性的预防及治疗干预。目前不少发达国家,已经建立了肿瘤心脏病专科门诊、病房和对应的多学科治疗团队(multidisciplinary treatment teams,MDT)。而在国内,相关学科发展才刚刚开始。可以预见的是,随着乳腺癌检测和治疗手段的不断进步,会有越来越多的乳腺癌患者获得长期的生存,这意味着其中部分患者必然要面临抗肿瘤治疗相关心脏毒性所带来的并发症的风险。因此,一份具有强有力循证医学证据支持的相关指南和临床共识能够为临床医师提供针对性的随访、监测、治疗流程和有效的管理手段,具有十分重要的临床指导意义。本共识旨在指导临床医师对乳腺癌患者进行相关抗肿瘤治疗(化疗、靶向治疗、手术、内分泌治疗、免疫治疗及放疗)的前提下,将心脏保护作为一个整体进行评估和监测,根据监测的结果决定后续干预手段,并决定是否及何时由心脏科医师进行专业会诊,避免因对乳腺癌相关心脏毒性认识不够,导致治疗不及时产生相关不良后果,为中国乳腺癌心脏病诊疗防治提供一份切实可行的临床实践操作流程,最终为改善中国乳腺癌患者的预后作出贡献。  相似文献   
8.
BackgroundLymphedema is a serious complication of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) with an incidence rate of 20%. Simplified Lymphatic Microsurgical Preventing Healing Approach (SLYMPHA) is a safe and relatively simple method, which decreases incidence of lymphedema dramatically. Our initial study showed an 88% decrease in clinical lymphedema rate. In the initial study, we used arm circumference measurement for the diagnosis of lymphedema and median follow up was 15 months. The aim of this study was to confirm these results after a long-term follow up period and by using bioimpedance spectroscopy (L-Dex) technology in detecting lymphedema.Study designAll patients, undergoing ALND with or without SLYMPHA between January 2014 and November 2020 were included in the study. Patients with no postoperative L-Dex measurements were excluded. A L-Dex score outside the normal range (±10 L-Dex unit) or ≥10 L-Dex unit increase above patient's baseline was considered as lymphedema. The incidence of lymphedema was compared between patients with and without SLYMPHA.Results194 patients were included in the study. 57% of cohort underwent SLYMPHA. Mean follow-up time was 47 ± 37 months. Patients, who underwent SLYMPHA, had a significantly lower rate of lymphedema (16% vs 32%; p = 0.01; OR 0.4 [0.2–0.8]).ConclusionSLYMPHA is a safe and relatively simple method, which continued its efficacy after a long-term follow up period. It should be considered as an adjunct procedure to ALND for all patients during initial surgery.  相似文献   
9.
BackgroundBurnout and psychological immune competency have not been investigated together among employees of high-risk specializations such as emergency medicine, intensive care or surgery.AimIn this study we aim to examine the prevalence of burnout among high-risk clinical staff and explore whether the strength of psychological immune competency predict burnout.DesignA cross-sectional design utilizing a self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants (n = 216). Nurses (n = 145) and physicians (n = 71) from emergency medicine, intensive care and surgery departments participated in the study.MethodBurnout syndrome was measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, while psychological immune competency was measured using the Psychological Immune Competency Questionnaire. The data collection started in June of 2018 and was finished in March of 2019.ResultsParticipants with higher psychological immune competency reported lower levels of burnout: emotional exhaustion (r = −0.478; p < 0.001), depersonalization (r = −0.459; p < 0.001) and personal accomplishment (r = 0.543; p < 0.001). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis revealed the psychological immune competency to be a stable predictor of burnout on all three scales.ConclusionPsychological immune competency shows a strong relationship with scales of burnout syndrome and as such should be further examined due to development of successful intervention and prevention programs.  相似文献   
10.
Bedaquiline is a new ATP synthesis inhibitor developed as an anti-tuberculosis agent. It has resistance-associated variants (RAV), regardless of preceding bedaquiline exposure. Herein, we describe the case of a patient with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) who had no history of bedaquiline therapy but presented a relatively high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of bedaquiline (1 μg/mL). Whole genome sequencing revealed a mutation in the resistance-associated gene Rv0678. The patient was first treated with a five-drug regimen (bedaquiline, delamanid, levofloxacin, cycloserine, and amikacin), which induced negative sputum culture conversion. Despite the successful treatment outcome, several questions remain regarding the efficacy of bedaquiline in this patient. Bedaquiline is an indispensable drug for MDR-TB treatment, but its clinical efficiency in the presence of Rv0678 mutations remains unclear. Therefore, evaluating the MIC of bedaquiline even in patients without a history of bedaquiline use is important for therapeutic regimen selection and may emphasize the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring in cases of bedaquiline RAV.  相似文献   
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