伴非自杀性自伤行为青少年抑郁症患者述情和家庭教育方式研究

目的了解青少年抑郁症患者非自杀性自伤行为的现状,并对比分析伴或不伴非自杀性自伤行为患者的述情方式和家庭教育方式差异。方法回顾性连续纳入2018年1月至2019年2月四川大学华西医院心理卫生中心收治的241例青少年抑郁症患者为调查对象,采用多伦多述情障碍量表、家庭教育方式量表、患者健康问卷抑郁量表对其进行调查,并对比伴非自杀性自伤行为(研究组)和不伴非自杀性自伤行为(对照组)患者的差异。结果241例患者中,44.8%(108/241)的青少年抑郁症患者有非自杀性自伤行为。与对照组(133例)比较,研究组家庭教育方式量表中父亲的惩罚/严厉[(24.80±7.36)分比(21.41±6.89)分]、过分干涉[(23.56±5.02)分比(21.74±4.66)分]、拒绝/否认[(13.44±4.39)分比(11.35±3.81)分]、过度保护因子[(12.56±3.28)分比(11.20±2.94)分]得分较高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),母亲的过分干涉/保护[(42.23±8.06)分比(37.73±7.80)分]、拒绝/否认[(18.65±5.85)分比(15.70±5.72)分]、惩罚/严厉因子[(19.13±6.52)分比(15.97±6.20)分]得分较高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。在述情障碍量表中,研究组难以识别自己的情感及难以描述自己的情感因子得分高于对照组[分别为(25.19±6.23)分比(22.12±7.09)分,(18.06±4.19)分比(15.90±4.52)分],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论青少年抑郁症患者中,伴非自杀性自伤行为的发生率较高,其述情方式和家庭教育方式与不伴非自杀性自伤行为患者存在差异。     

独生与非独生青少年情绪障碍患者非自杀性自伤行为差异的横断面研究北大核心CSCD

目的了解独生与非独生青少年情绪障碍患者非自杀性自伤(non-suicidal self-injury,NSSI)行为的差异。方法运用三阶段抽样方法,于2020年8月至2020年11月在全国9个省份20家精神疾病医院门诊对529名12~18岁患有情绪障碍伴NSSI行为的青少年进行横断面调查。使用自编量表收集一般人口学信息,使用自伤功能评估问卷、贝克自杀意念量表、凯斯勒心理困扰量表、内隐压力心智量表、感知社会支持的多维度量表、多维学生生活满意度量表和罗森伯格自尊量表收集情绪障碍青少年自伤行为和心理因素相关信息。结果共调查529名患有情绪障碍伴NSSI的青少年,其中独生子女375例,非独生子女154例。独生子女组自伤功能评估问卷总分高于非独生子女组(P<0.05);独生子女组自伤种类及自伤频次高于非独生子女组(P<0.05)。心理特征分析显示,独生子女组自尊得分低于非独生子女组(P<0.05);独生子女组心理困扰得分及抑郁症状得分高于非独生子女组(P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析显示:在独生和非独生的情绪障碍青少年中,其自杀意念得分均与NSSI行为频次呈正相关(P<0.05);自尊水平与独生子女NSSI行为频次呈负相关(P<0.05),压力感知得分与独生子女NSSI行为频次呈正相关(P<0.05);焦虑情绪得分与非独生子女NSSI频次呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论情绪障碍伴NSSI行为的青少年中,独生子女有更多的自伤频次和更差的心理健康状况,因此,情绪障碍伴NSSI行为的独生子女需要更多关注。     

Dissociation as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Females: A Path Analytic Approach

New theoretical models of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) postulate that symptoms subsequent to childhood maltreatment rather than childhood maltreatment itself may lead to engagement in NSSI. However, little is known concerning which specific syndromes serve as underlying mechanisms. In this study we sought to examine the mediating effects of dissociative, posttraumatic, and depressive symptoms, 3 often comorbid syndromes following childhood trauma. In addition, we aimed to assess differences between women with and without NSSI. A sample of 87 female inpatients with a history of childhood abuse and neglect was divided into 2 subgroups (NSSI: n = 42, no NSSI: n = 45). The assessment included measures of NSSI characteristics; adverse childhood experiences; and posttraumatic, dissociative, and depressive symptoms. The NSSI group reported significantly more cases of childhood maltreatment and higher levels of current dissociative, posttraumatic, and depressive symptoms than patients without NSSI. The results of a path analysis showed that only dissociation mediated the relationship between a history of child maltreatment and NSSI when all 3 psychopathological variables were included in the model. The findings point toward a strong and rather specific association between dissociative experiences and NSSI and therefore have important implications for clinical practice.     

The Roles of Emotion Dysregulation and Dissociation in the Association Between Sexual Abuse and Self-Injury Among Juvenile Justice–Involved Youth

To date, scholars have established associations among nonsuicidal self-injury and sexual abuse, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and dissociation. However, leading theoretical models of the mechanisms underlying the association between trauma and negative outcomes suggest a more parsimonious explanation in that deficits in emotion regulation may underlie these various risk factors for self-injury. This study examined whether sexual abuse was differentially associated with nonsuicidal self-injury over and above other forms of traumatic experiences and whether the association between sexual abuse and self-injury was statistically mediated by emotion dysregulation and dissociation. Participants included 525 youth (392 boys, 133 girls) recruited from the U.S. juvenile justice system who completed measures of self-reported trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress symptoms, dissociation, and emotion dysregulation. Results of a hierarchical regression demonstrated that sexual abuse predicted posttraumatic stress symptoms and self-injury over and above other forms of traumatic experiences. Results of bootstrapped mediation analyses indicated that emotion dysregulation and dissociation in combination were implicated in self-injury among youth. The results suggest that youth in the juvenile justice system who experience sexual abuse may be at risk for higher rates of posttraumatic stress symptoms and that self-injury may be particularly salient for youth who experience sexual abuse. Furthermore, the results shed light on the role that dissociation and emotion dysregulation play in the relation between sexual abuse and self-injury, suggesting that a larger framework of self-regulation may have both empirical and clinical utility in helping to understand the underlying processes at play in these associations.     

自杀行为暴露与青少年非自杀性自伤关系的纵向研究

目的 青少年群体中,非自杀性自伤（non-suicidal self-injury,NSSI）行为较为普遍且受多种因素影响。本研究旨在探究中国青少年自杀行为暴露与其自身NSSI之间的关系。方法 研究对象来自山东省青少年行为与健康队列研究。选取参与了2015年基线调查和2016年第一次随访调查,并且基线调查中不存在NSSI行为史的5 154名学生为研究对象。研究内容通过自填式问卷收集,包括基本人口学信息、社会心理学信息、终生及过去一年NSSI情况、自杀行为暴露史等。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析基线自杀行为暴露与一年后NSSI间的关系。结果 5 154名研究对象的基线年龄为（14.49±1.48）岁,女性占48.5%。9.0%的青少年报告曾暴露于自杀行为,其中6.0%暴露于自杀未遂,4.9%暴露于自杀死亡,7.3%暴露于朋友/熟人的自杀行为,3.1%暴露于亲属的自杀行为。自杀行为暴露组的过去一年NSSI发生率高于非暴露组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示,与非暴露组相比,暴露于自杀死亡（OR=1.91,95% CI：1.22~3.01）和暴露于亲属自杀行为（OR=1.79,95% CI：1.02~3.12）与NSSI风险增加有关。结论 暴露于自杀死亡或亲属自杀行为可能会增加青少年NSSI行为风险。自杀事件发生后,针对高危人群进行心理疏导和健康教育可促进青少年身心健康、预防自我伤害。     

Buffering the effects of peer victimization on adolescent non-suicidal self-injury: The role of self-compassion and family cohesion

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a significant behavioral problem among adolescents all over the world. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between peer victimization and NSSI, as well as the buffering effects of self-compassion and family cohesion on this relationship. Data were collected at two time points from 525 secondary school students (226 girls; M_age = 12.97, SD = 1.02) in China. Results showed that peer victimization (marginally) significantly predicted NSSI over time even after controlling for Wave 1 NSSI. This association was weakened under the condition of high levels of self-compassion. Findings of this study emphasize the buffering effect of self-compassion in the relationship between peer victimization and NSSI, and are informative for prevention and intervention of this behavioral problem.     

Family-based risk factors for non-suicidal self-injury: Considering influences of maltreatment,adverse family-life experiences,and parent–child relational risk

The current investigation addressed the potential for unique influences of perceived childhood maltreatment, adverse family-life events, and parent-child relational trauma on the lifetime occurrence and addictive features of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Participants included 957 undergraduate students (747 females; M = 20.14 years, SD = 3.88) who completed online questionnaires regarding the key variables under study. Although self-injuring youth reported more experiences with each family-based risk factor, different patterns of association were found when lifetime engagement in NSSI or its addictive features were under study. Perceived parent-child relational trauma was uniquely linked with NSSI behavior after accounting for perceived childhood maltreatment; adverse family-life events had an additional unique association. In contrast, perceived paternal maltreatment was uniquely related with NSSI's addictive features. Findings underline the importance of studying inter-related family-based risk factors of NSSI simultaneously for a comprehensive understanding of familial correlates of NSSI behavior and its underlying features.