Modifiable lifestyle factors and cognitive reserve: A systematic review of current evidence

This systematic review aims to summarize cognitive reserve (CR) evaluation approaches and to examine the role of seven selected modifiable lifestyle factors (diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, cognitive leisure activity, sleep, and meditation) in mitigating the impacts of age- or disease-related brain changes on cognition. Eighteen population-based English empirical studies were included. We summarize the study designs and identify three CR models that were broadly used in these studies, including a residual model assessing lifestyle factors in relation to unexplained variance in cognition after accounting for brain markers, a moderation model testing whether lifestyle factors moderate the relationship between brain status and cognition, and a controlling model examining the associations between lifestyle factors and cognition when controlling for brain measures. We also present the findings for the impact of each lifestyle factor. No studies examined diet, sleep, or meditation, and only two studies focused on smoking and alcohol consumption each. Overall, the studies suggest lifestyle activity factors (physical and cognitive leisure activities) may contribute to CR and attenuate the damaging impact of brain changes on cognition. Standardized measurements of lifestyle factors and CR are needed, and mechanisms underlying CR need to be further addressed as well.     

基于iTRAQ技术探讨人胃癌细胞乙酰肝素酶调控的信号通路北大核心

目的:探讨人胃癌细胞中乙酰肝素酶(HPSE)调控的差异蛋白和信号通路,为以HPSE为靶点防治胃癌提供依据。方法:利用siRNA干扰技术,在乙酰肝素酶(HPSE)基因高表达的SGC7901细胞中转入干扰HPSE的慢病毒载体(LV-HPSE-RNAi),通过嘌呤霉素筛选出稳定株,利用qPCR和Western blot分别检测HPSE mRNA和蛋白表达;利用细胞划痕实验和Transwell侵袭实验测定细胞的迁移和侵袭能力;利用同位素标记的相对和绝对定量(iTRAQ)联合二维液相色谱串联质谱(2DLC-MS/MS)技术筛查差异蛋白,并进行生物信息学分析,对差异蛋白PKCa应用Western blot进一步验证。结果:人胃癌SGC7901细胞和沉默HPSE表达的ZSGC7901细胞对比检测出98个差异蛋白,并且富集在157条信号通路上。与肿瘤发生发展关系密切的有6条:细胞外基质和受体相互作用、局灶性黏附、PI3K-Akt信号通路、癌途径、癌中microRNAs、Wnt信号通路。且上调的FAK、ITGA、PKCa等蛋白和下调的PKA、CDK6等蛋白在通路中处于重要的位置。Western blot结果证明PKCa在沉默HPSE的ZSGC7901细胞中表现为上调,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),与蛋白质组学筛选结果一致。结论:HPSE在人胃癌细胞中调控的蛋白,参与细胞重要生物学过程、参与重要分子功能及重要信号途径,有望可以成为防治胃癌的新靶点。     

补肾壮督方联合阿仑膦酸钠及骨水泥分期灌注椎体后凸成形术对kummell病远期临床疗效和血清标志物的影响＊

目的 探讨补肾壮督方联合阿仑膦酸钠及骨水泥分期灌注椎体后凸成形术对kummell病远期临床疗效和血清标志物的影响。方法 选取90例2019年1月-2020年3月因kummell病住院手术治疗的患者，随机分为试验组45例和对照组45例。对照组给予骨水泥分期灌注椎体后凸成形术，术后口服阿仑膦酸钠治疗，试验组术后加用补肾壮督方口服治疗。记录两组术中骨水泥注入量。采用VAS疼痛评分标准评估术后疼痛改善情况，采用ODI评分评估功能障碍改善情况。采用伤椎前缘高度比值和伤椎椎体楔形角评估脊柱稳定性。采用碱性磷酸酶（ALP），骨钙素（OC），骨保护素（OPG）评估治疗前后血清骨形成情况。结果 与对照组比较，试验组术后第3天VAS疼痛评分明显低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；试验组术后第3天、术后6个月和术后12个月ODI评分明显低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；试验组术后6个月和术后12个月伤椎前缘高度比值明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；试验组术后6个月和术后12个月伤椎椎体楔形角明显低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。试验组术后6个月和术后12个月碱性磷酸酶（ALP），骨钙素（OC），骨保护素（OPG）明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 补肾壮督方联合阿仑膦酸钠及骨水泥分期灌注椎体后凸成形术治疗kummell病可加快术后患者疼痛改善和功能恢复，促进骨形成，有效抑制患者中远期椎体压缩塌陷，维持脊柱稳定性。     

肿瘤标志物检验在胃癌诊断中的临床价值分析

目的分析探讨肿瘤标志物检验在胃癌诊断中的临床价值。方法选择在本院进行治疗的胃癌患者40例,将其列为观察组,选取体检健康者40例,将其列为普通组,具体的选择时间为2018年2月-2019年2月,对两组患者的CEA、CA72-4、CA19-9水平及阳性表达率进行比较分析。结果观察组患者CEA、CA72-4、CA19-9明显高于普通组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的肿瘤标志物阳性表达率明显高于普通组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肿瘤标志物在胃癌的诊断中具有非常重要的意义,肿瘤标志物对胃癌患者的诊断较为确切,利于患者的确诊及后期治疗,从而提高患者的生命及生活质量。     

清肠解毒方对大肠癌术后复发化疗患者肿瘤标记物水平及生活质量的影响

摘 要 目的: 探讨清肠解毒方对大肠癌术后复发化疗患者的生活质量及肿瘤标记物水平的影响。方法:选取出现复发的大肠癌患者60例，随机分为观察组与对照组各30例。两组化疗方案均为奥沙利铂联合卡培他滨或者盐酸伊立替康联合卡培他滨，观察组加用清肠解毒方治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后血清CEA、AFP、CA 125、CA 199水平与ECOG评分变化。结果: 两组患者治疗后血清CEA、AFP、CA 125、CA 199水平显著低于治疗前（P＜0.05）。此外，治疗后观察组患者的血清CEA和CA 199水平显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。生活质量方面，治疗后两组患者ECOG评分均显著低于治疗前，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；且观察组患者治疗后ECOG评分显著低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论: 清肠解毒方能够明显改善大肠癌术后化疗患者的生活质量，降低血清肿瘤标记物浓度，值得临床应用。     

The effect of nettle (Urtica dioica) supplementation on the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major health problem, worldwide, that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Several randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) have investigated the effect of nettle (Urtica dioica) supplementation on markers of glycemic status in patients with T2DM, with conflicting results. Therefore, the present study assessed the effect of nettle on some glycemic parameters in patients with T2DM. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, from database inception up to June 2019, to identify RCTs investigating the effect of nettle supplementation on glycemic markers, including fasting blood sugar (FBS) concentrations, insulin levels, homeostasis model assessment‐estimated insulin resistance index, and glycosylated hemoglobin percentage in adults with T2DM. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Results of this meta‐analysis were reported based on the random effects model. Eight RCTs, comprising 401 participants, were included in the present systematic review and meta‐analysis. Based on the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool, five studies were considered as good quality, one was fair, and two studies were poor, respectively. The results of the meta‐analysis revealed a significant reduction in FBS concentrations (weighted mean difference [WMD]: ?18.01 mg/dl, 95% confidence interval [CI]: ?30.04 to ?5.97, p < .001, I² = 94.6%) following nettle supplementation. However, no significant reduction was observed in insulin levels (WMD: 0.83 Hedges' g, 95% CI: ?0.26 to 1.92, p = .13, I² = 89.4%), homeostasis model assessment‐estimated insulin resistance index (WMD: ?0.22, 95% CI: ?0.83 to 0.40, p = .49, I² = 69.2%), or glycosylated hemoglobin percentage (WMD: ?0.77%, 95% CI: ?1.77 to 0.22, p = .12, I² = 83.0%). The findings of the present study suggest that nettle supplementation may be effective in controlling FBS for T2DM patients. However, further studies are needed to confirm the veracity of these results.     

乳腺癌相关microRNA的研究进展

乳腺癌作为一种复杂的、表型多样性的遗传性疾病，涉及基因表达和各种结构的变化。如何早期诊断乳腺癌，降低乳腺癌发病率、死亡率一直是大众关注的焦点。微小RNA（microRNA）是一类内源性非编码单链RNA，广泛参与乳腺癌细胞的增殖、分化、凋亡等生理过程，并与乳腺癌患者的临床分期、淋巴结转移、远处转移等相关。现就microRNA在乳腺癌发生、发展过程中的作用，及其在该病诊疗过程中的应用作一综述，以期为乳腺癌的进一步研究提供新的思路。     

Chronic inflammation and risk of lung cancer in older adults in the health,aging and body composition cohort study

Objectives

We examined the association between three inflammatory markers (Interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) and incident lung cancer using baseline, updated, and averaged inflammatory measures in older adults.

胰腺囊性肿瘤恶性风险预测模型研究

目的 明确与恶性胰腺囊性肿瘤（PCN）相关的术前危险因素，建立准确的预测模型，并予以验证。方法 纳入2013年1月至2020年5月复旦大学附属华东医院经术后病理检查证实的114例PCN病例，分为模型组（n=80）和验证组（n=34）。回顾性分析模型组术前的临床资料并探索与恶性PCN相关的影响因素，建立PCN恶性风险预测模型，绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线和校正曲线评价模型，最后基于验证组数据对模型进行临床验证。结果 单因素回归分析提示临床症状、CA19-9水平升高、中性粒细胞淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、淋巴细胞单核细胞比值（LMR）、肿瘤最大直径、胰管扩张和实性成分与恶性PCN显著相关，进一步行多因素回归分析确定了NLR≥2.146、CA19-9水平升高、胰管扩张是恶性PCN的独立预测因素。基于多因素回归分析结果建立恶性PCN预测模型，绘制模型的ROC曲线，计算AUC为0.921（95%CI 0.863~0.979），Youden指数最大时取得最佳临界预测值为0.203，此时相对应的特异度为83.3%，敏感度为92.9%，准确率为85%。同时校正曲线显示模型具有较好的拟合度，最后代入验证组数据显示模型预测准确率为82.4%，特异度81.2%，敏感度100%。结论 CA19-9水平升高、NLR升高以及胰管扩张是恶性PCN的高危因素，基于此建立的恶性胰腺囊性肿瘤的预测模型具有较好的准确率，可为今后的临床诊疗提供辅助参考。     

A retrospective alternative for active surveillance trials for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is a nonobligate precursor of invasive breast cancer, accounting for 20 % of screen-detected breast cancers. Little is known about the natural progression of DCIS because most patients undergo surgery upon diagnosis. Many DCIS patients are likely being overtreated, as it is believed that only around 50 % of DCIS will progress to invasive carcinoma. Robust prognostic markers for progression to invasive carcinoma are lacking. In the past, studies have investigated women who developed a recurrence after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and compared them with those who did not. However, where there is no recurrence, the patient has probably been adequately treated. The present narrative review advocates a new research strategy, wherein only those patients with a recurrence are studied. Approximately half of the recurrences are invasive cancers, and half are DCIS. So-called “recurrences” are probably most often the result of residual disease. The new approach allows us to ask: why did some residual DCIS evolve to invasive cancers and others not? This novel strategy compares the group of patients that developed in situ recurrence with the group of patients that developed invasive recurrence after BCS. The differences between these groups could then be used to develop a robust risk stratification tool. This tool should estimate the risk of synchronous and metachronous invasive carcinoma when DCIS is diagnosed in a biopsy. Identification of DCIS patients at low risk for developing invasive carcinoma will individualize future therapy and prevent overtreatment.