Identification of volatile organic compounds in muscle tissues of different species based on Headspace-Gas-Chromatography Ion-Mobility spectrometry

Species identification of unknown biological samples is crucial for forensic applications, especially in cases of explosion, disaster accidents, and body mutilation after murdering, as well as poaching, illegal trade in endangered animals, and meat food fraud. In this study, we identified 60 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in fresh skeletal muscle tissues of seven different animal species (cattle, sheep, pigs, rabbits, rats, chickens and carp) and a human dead body by headspace-gas-chromatography ion-mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS), and compared their differences by retention time, drift time and molecular weight. The results showed that these VOCs formed different gallery plot fingerprints in the skeletal muscle tissues of the human dead body and seven animal species. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed significantly different fingerprints between these species, and these fingerprints maintained good stability between the species and within the same species. Some VOCs have high species specificity, while VOCs of human fresh muscle tissues from different individual sources have little difference, demonstrating that all tested muscle tissue samples could be distinguished based on different VOCs. HS-GC-IMS has proved to be a rapid, high-throughput, highly sensitive and specific species identification method, which can be used for forensic species identification in criminal cases and disaster accidents, as well as detection in the field of food safety, such as meat fraud and adulteration.     

Exploring peer tutoring from the peer tutor's perspective

IntroductionChanging working practices, student numbers, workforce demands, and deficits, have created a need to consider new ways of radiography student training. One suggestion could be to implement Peer Assisted Learning (PAL) during clinical placements. PAL utilises social constructivist theories, where peer tutors teach lower or same level tutees, reinforcing and practicing material formally taught. The aim of this study was to trial an intervention of PAL, co-designed between the university and students and evaluated to identify opportunities and challenges.MethodsUsing participatory action research 8 final year student volunteers trialled a 3-week intervention, where they delivered PAL to first years, tutoring on first year radiographic clinical practice. Focus groups were held pre and post intervention to gather qualitative data.ResultsFocus group discussions were transcribed and collectively thematically analysed. Two students and the primary researcher took part in the analysis.ConclusionStudents identified benefits and challenges to PAL. Issue around preparing for and being a peer tutor are also discussed.Further study involving experiences of first year students and clinical colleagues is required.Implications for practicePeer-tutoring has potential benefits to students to facilitate the development of skills related to image analysis and critique as well as radiographic anatomy and patient positioning.     

基于红外热成像技术探讨扶正温阳法对阳虚体质的影响

目的 基于红外热成像技术探讨“扶正温阳法”对阳虚质的影响，探讨阳虚质者红外热图的共性规律，分析判断“扶正温阳法”干预阳虚质人群的疗效。方法 纳入30例阳虚质患者给予益气温阳药物在大椎、肾俞（双侧）、命门等进行穴位贴敷，分别在干预前后运用红外热成像技术测定督脉、腰部、腹部、双手及双足局部温度的变化。结果 干预后阳虚体质患者的督脉、腰部、腹部、双手、双足温度均升高（P<0.05），阳虚体质局部温度得以改善。结论 本研究发现“扶正温阳法”可诱发循经热传导现象，通过调节热能代谢而起到调治阳虚体质的作用，红外热成像技术可用来辅助评价阳虚质的治疗效果，对临床指导制定阳虚质人群的干预方案疗效判定具有指导意义。     

慢性高原病脑部多体素1H-MRS研究

目的利用多体素氢质子磁共振波谱成像(hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy,¹H-MRS)探讨慢性高原病(chronic mountain sickness,CMS)长期缺氧状态下脑部代谢物的特点,并比较各代谢物与血液指标之间的相关性。材料与方法前瞻性纳入青海大学附属医院经临床确诊为CMS的17例男性患者作为实验组,年龄(53.29±9.03)岁,居住海拔(3989.12±937.45)m,血红蛋白(hemoglobin,HGB)(224.35±11.81)g/mL,并招募与实验组年龄及居住海拔相匹配的18名健康男性志愿者作为对照组,年龄(48.61±8.76)岁,居住海拔(3674.94±634.27)m,HGB(156.67±9.46)g/mL。采用Siemens Prisma 3.0 T MR扫描仪20通道头颅线圈对所有受试者行常规头颅MRI及多体素;H-MRS检查,通过Syngo.via后处理软件获得;H-MRS图,ROI选取双侧额叶及海马区,并获得相应脑区N-乙酰天门冬氨酸/肌酸(NAA/Cr)、胆碱/肌酸CHo/Cr、乙酰天门冬氨酸/胆碱(NAA/CHo)、乳酸/肌酸(Lac/Cr)的比值。结合独立样本t检验及非参数曼-惠特尼U检验以比较两组间代谢物相对浓度差异,然后将CMS组双侧额叶及海马区各代谢物比值与血液生化指标作相关性分析。结果(1)两组受试者年龄、长期居住海拔差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而与对照组相比,CMS组HGB、红细胞计数(red blood cell count,RBC)、血细胞比容(hematocrit,HCT)增高,血小板(blood platelet,简称PLT)减低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);(2)与对照组相比,CMS组双侧额叶及海马区NAA/Cr及NAA/CHo均减低(P<0.05),Lac/Cr增高(P<0.05),差异均具有统计学意义;(3)与对照组相比,CMS组双侧额叶及双侧海马区CHo/Cr均增高(P>0.05),差异无统计学意义;(4)CMS组右侧额叶及左侧海马CHo/Cr与RBC明显正相关,左侧额叶CHo/Cr与HCT低度正相关,右侧额叶及左侧海马Lac/Cr与HCT低度正相关。结论CMS长期缺氧状态下脑组织局部代谢物改变,神经元受损,无氧代谢增加,且这些代谢物的改变与血液指标呈一定的相关性,可为临床后续进一步预防或干预CMS患者脑损害提供影像学证据及监测指标。     

Evaluation of Simplified Lymphatic Microsurgical Preventing Healing Approach (SLYMPHA) for the prevention of breast cancer-related lymphedema after axillary lymph node dissection using bioimpedance spectroscopy

BackgroundLymphedema is a serious complication of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) with an incidence rate of 20%. Simplified Lymphatic Microsurgical Preventing Healing Approach (SLYMPHA) is a safe and relatively simple method, which decreases incidence of lymphedema dramatically. Our initial study showed an 88% decrease in clinical lymphedema rate. In the initial study, we used arm circumference measurement for the diagnosis of lymphedema and median follow up was 15 months. The aim of this study was to confirm these results after a long-term follow up period and by using bioimpedance spectroscopy (L-Dex) technology in detecting lymphedema.Study designAll patients, undergoing ALND with or without SLYMPHA between January 2014 and November 2020 were included in the study. Patients with no postoperative L-Dex measurements were excluded. A L-Dex score outside the normal range (±10 L-Dex unit) or ≥10 L-Dex unit increase above patient's baseline was considered as lymphedema. The incidence of lymphedema was compared between patients with and without SLYMPHA.Results194 patients were included in the study. 57% of cohort underwent SLYMPHA. Mean follow-up time was 47 ± 37 months. Patients, who underwent SLYMPHA, had a significantly lower rate of lymphedema (16% vs 32%; p = 0.01; OR 0.4 [0.2–0.8]).ConclusionSLYMPHA is a safe and relatively simple method, which continued its efficacy after a long-term follow up period. It should be considered as an adjunct procedure to ALND for all patients during initial surgery.     

Acsl4在浸润性乳腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨Acsl4在浸润性乳腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学法检测108例浸润性乳腺癌组织中Acsl4的表达。结果:108例浸润性乳腺癌组织中,33例(30.6%)阳性表达,75例(69.4%)阴性表达。组织学G3级的乳腺癌组织中Acsl4阳性率为42.3%(22/52),高于G1+G2级的阳性率(19.6%,11/56),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ER阳性组织的Acsl4的阳性率15.8%(6/38),低于ER阴性的病例(38.6%,27/70),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Acsl4的表达与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、淋巴结是否转移、HER2、PR、p53、Ki67的表达情况无统计学意义的相关性(P均>0.05)。结论:Acsl4在浸润性乳腺癌组织中存在异常表达,其阳性表达与乳腺癌患者组织学分级较高及ER阴性表达密切相关。     

微小RNA-148a-3p靶向调控MAP3K9表达及对胃癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的 探讨微小RNA-148a-3p（miR-148a-3p）对丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶激酶9（MAP3K9）的靶向调控作用及对胃癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法 向对数生长期胃癌细胞株MGC-803转染miR-148a-3p模拟物（mimics组）和阴性对照（NC组），以未转染的MGC-803细胞为对照组；采用实时定量PCR（QPCR）检测各组miR-148a-3p水平以评价转染效率，MTT法检测各组细胞增殖能力，流式细胞术检测各组细胞凋亡情况，分别采用QPCR和Western blotting检测Bcl-2、Bax、caspase-3及MAP3K9 mRNA和蛋白水平，同时采用双荧光素酶报告实验验证miR-148a-3p与MAP3K9的靶向作用关系。结果 QPCR结果显示，对照组、NC组和mimics组的miR-148a-3p水平分别为1.021±0.123、1.087±0.196和2.854±0.368，与对照组和NC组比较，mimics组的miR-148a-3p水平升高（P＜0.05）。mimics组MGC-803细胞的增殖活力较其余两组减弱（P＜0.05）。mimics组MGC-803细胞凋亡率为（15.2±1.6）％，高于对照组的（3.5±0.9％）％和NC组的（4.5±1.1）％，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。与对照组和NC组比较，mimics组的MAP3K9和Bcl-2的mRNA和蛋白水平均下调，而Bax和caspase-3的mRNA和蛋白水平均上调（P＜0.05）；双荧光素酶报告实验证实MAP3K9是miR-148a-3p的直接作用靶点。结论 MiR-148a-3p可抑制胃癌细胞MGC-803的增殖并诱导其凋亡，可能通过靶向MAP3K9来发挥抑癌作用，调控miR-148a-3p／MAP3K9轴在胃癌防治中有一定应用前景。     

基于中医体质辨识的糖尿病风险评估模型建立与验证

背景　中医体质因素在糖尿病的发生发展过程中具有重要作用，但目前糖尿病的预测预警模型仅涵盖一般人口学资料、客观检查指标、生活方式等内容。在糖尿病风险评估模型中纳入中医体质辨识内容，对有针对性地防治糖尿病的发生发展具有重要意义。目的　根据健康体检数据建立基于中医体质辨识的糖尿病风险模型并对其进行验证。方法　于2016年1月-2018年12月，以2014-2015年某省级综合性医院健康管理中心体检数据为训练集数据（n=30 951），对是否患糖尿病进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析，纳入有意义的影响因素指标建立糖尿病风险评估模型；以2016-2017年的健康体检数据作为测试集数据（n=24 061），采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）对模型进行验证。结果　训练集人群中，患有糖尿病者1 315例（4.25%），未患糖尿病者29 636例（95.75%）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，logit（P）（糖尿病患病情况）=-4.632-0.198×（女）+0.864×（年龄45~59岁）+1.684×（年龄≥60岁）+0.635×（高血压）+0.149×（超重）+0.376×（肥胖）-0.531×（偏轻）-0.234×（淋巴细胞百分数偏高）+0.279×（淋巴细胞百分数偏低）+0.304×（红细胞计数异常）-0.430×（红细胞比容偏低）+0.722×（平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度异常）+0.532×（血小板分布宽度异常）+1.016×（癌胚抗原异常）-0.406×（尿酸异常）+1.341×（肌酐偏低）+0.488×（血尿素氮偏高）+0.473×（三酰甘油异常）+0.257×（总胆固醇偏高）+0.544×（高密度脂蛋白偏低）+0.290×（总蛋白异常）+0.395×（丙氨酸氨基转移酶异常）+0.362×（谷氨酰转肽酶异常）+0.993×（阴虚质）+1.016×（气虚质）+0.601×（痰湿质）。模型验证结果显示，训练集ROC曲线下面积（AUC）为0.792，95%CI为0.779~0.816（P<0.05），最佳截断值为0.405，灵敏度为0.771，特异度为0.690；测试集验证准确率达到95.69%，Kappa=0.636（P<0.001）。结论　初步构建了糖尿病风险评估模型，且此模型具有较高诊断效应。中医体质辨识作为重要的影响因素纳入糖尿病发病风险评估的模型中来，可以提高其预测能力，为糖尿病的中医药早期防治提供一定的依据。     

近红外自体荧光显像技术在甲状腺癌根治性手术中辅助甲状旁腺识别应用1例报告并文献复习

甲状腺癌(thyroid carcinoma)是一种起于甲状腺滤泡上皮或滤泡旁上皮细胞的恶性肿瘤,女性高发,发病率居女性恶性肿瘤的第4位[1],我国的发病人群以每年20%的速度持续增长,而根治性手术是治疗甲状腺癌疾病的主要手段。甲状旁腺体积小,位置较深,而且数目和位置常存在解剖学变异,给甲状腺和甲状旁腺手术术中探查并保护甲状旁腺造成了一定困难。尤其是在甲状腺癌根治术中,往往在中央区淋巴结的清扫容易误损伤甲状旁腺,致使术后暂时性或永久性低钙血症,极大地降低了病人的生活质量。因此,如何在甲状腺癌根治术中快速准确的识别甲状旁腺并予以保护,已经成外甲状腺外科医生重点关心的问题。