Parks/sports facilities in local communities and the onset of functional disability among older adults in Japan: The J-shaped spatial spillover effects

We examined the associations between parks/sports facilities in local communities and the onset of functional disability among Japanese older adults. We further investigated the spatial spillover effects of parks/sports facilities in 1st-, 2nd-, and 3rd-degree neighboring communities. Data on the onset of functional disability, including date of onset, sex, age, and address (school district) of all older adults aged 65 years and older living in Kobe City were obtained from the public long-term care insurance database (163,348 men [190,831 person-year] and 200,443 women [230,464 person-year]). Multilevel proportional hazard regression analyses showed that the number of parks and sports facilities were negatively associated with the onset of functional disability among men. In particular, these associations were stronger for the adjacent district than for individuals’ living districts. Our results imply that involving multiple neighboring communities as the intervention unit is effective when utilizing community built environments for long-term care prevention in men.     

Extending multilevel spatial models to include spatially varying coefficients

Multilevel models have long been used by health geographers working on questions of space, place, and health. Similarly, health geographers have pursued interests in determining whether or not the effect of an exposure on a health outcome varies spatially. However, relatively little work has sought to use multilevel models to explore spatial variability in the effects of a contextual exposure on a health outcome. Methodologically, extending multilevel models to allow intercepts and slopes to vary spatially is straightforward. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to show how multilevel spatial models can be extended to include spatially varying covariate effects. We provide an empirical example on the effect of agriculture on malaria risk in children under 5 years of age in the Democratic Republic of Congo.     

心血管疾病患者健康相关生命质量及其影响因素的多水平模型分析

目的 探讨心血管疾病患者的健康相关生命质量及其影响因素,为改善患者生命质量提供参考。 方法 选取2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)中符合要求的心血管疾病患者1 201例,收集患者及地区信息,基于欧洲五维健康量表(EQ-5D-3L)测量健康效用值反映其健康相关生命质量。采用K-W检验对患者和地区因素进行单因素分析。以患者水平为水平1,地区水平为水平2,建立两水平回归模型,分析患者和地区因素对心血管疾病患者健康相关生命质量的影响。 结果 健康效用值平均值为0.749±0.166。单因素分析结果显示,心血管疾病患者健康相关生命质量的影响因素包括性别、受教育水平、婚姻状况、是否患有高血压、是否患有心脏病、是否患有中风、睡眠时长、吸烟状况、饮酒状况、每周中等强度体力活动时间、社交活动频率、体质量指数(BMI)、所在地区(P<0.05)。多水平模型结果显示,对心血管疾病患者健康相关生命质量有显著影响的因素有性别、受教育水平、婚姻状况、是否患有高血压病、是否患有血脂异常、是否患有心脏病、是否患有中风、吸烟状况、每周中等强度体力活动时间、社交活动频率、BMI以及地区水平的地区因素(P<0.05)。 结论 提高心血管疾病患者的健康相关生命质量既要考虑受教育水平、吸烟状况、BMI等个体因素,还应考虑不同地区患者的异质性,从而制定不同地区的针对性策略。     

Daily coping moderates the relations between stress and actigraphic sleep: a daily intensive longitudinal study with ecological momentary assessments

BackgroundTheoretical models argue that coping reduces stress responses, yet no studies have tested whether coping moderates the prospective stress effects on sleep in daily life.PurposeThis study tested if coping moderates the stress-sleep association using a daily, intensive longitudinal design across 7–12 days.Methods326 young adults (M_age = 23.24 ± 5.46) reported perceived stress and coping (problem-focused, emotional-approach, and avoidance) every evening between 20:00–02:00, providing over 2400 nights of sleep data and 3000 stress surveys from all participants. Actigraphy and sleep diaries measured total-sleep-time and sleep efficiency. Multilevel models tested the interaction effects of within- and between-person stress and coping on sleep.ResultsWithin-person problem-focused and emotional-approach coping moderated the within-person stress effects on actigraphic total-sleep-time (both p = 0.02); higher stress predicted shorter total-sleep-time only during high use of problem-focused or emotional-approach coping (both p = 0.01). Between-person avoidance moderated the between-person stress effect on actigraphic total-sleep-time (p = 0.04); higher stress predicted shorter total-sleep-time for high avoidance coping (p = 0.02). Within-person emotional-approach coping buffered the between-person stress effect on actigraphic sleep efficiency (p = 0.02); higher stress predicted higher sleep efficiency for high emotional-approach coping (p = 0.04).ConclusionsThis study showed that daily coping moderates the effects of evening stress on sleep that night. More efforts to cope with stress before bedtime had a short-term cost of shorter sleep that night. However, high use of emotional-approach coping buffered the impact of stress to promote sleep efficiency.     

Characterizing the fusion order and level-specific rates of arthrodesis in 3-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: A radiographic study

Pseudarthrosis is a well-recognized complication following multi-level ACDF. We aim to characterize the fusion order and level-specific rates of arthrodesis across four time points following 3-level ACDF. Patients who underwent 3-level ACDF by three UCSF spine surgeons from August 2012 to December 2019 were identified. Fusion status at each level was determined by measuring the interspinous motion on flexion and extension radiographs and assessing for evidence of bridging bone. Measurements were performed post-operatively at 6 weeks, 6 months, 12 months, and 18–24 months. A total of 77 patients with 3-level ACDF were identified and included in this study. Specific ACDF levels include C3-C6 (17 patients), C4-C7 (57 patients), and C5-T1 (3 patients). At 6 months, the cranial, middle, and caudal level fusion rates were 17.0%, 34.0%, and 3.8%, respectively. By 24 months, fusion rates were 61.1%, 88.9%, and 27.8% at the cranial, middle, and caudal level, respectively. PEEK cages were associated with lower odds of multi-level arthrodesis. Arthrodesis occurred the quickest at the middle level with an 88.9% fusion rate by 24 months after surgery. The caudal level had the slowest rate of arthrodesis with only a 27.8% fusion rate at 24 months, likely due to increased biomechanical stress at the most caudal level. Allograft was associated with higher odds of multi-level arthrodesis compared to PEEK cages.     

多节段脊髓型颈椎病后路显微减压及融合术的疗效观察

目的 探讨多节段脊髓型颈椎病（CSM）后路显微减压及内固定融合术的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2014年3月至2017年12月采用后路减压并内固定植骨融合术治疗的32例多节段CSM的临床资料。结果 术后随访3~12个月，平均（28.7±8.2）个月。术后3个月[（14.76±2.4）分]、术后6个月[（15.3 ±2.1）分]、术后12个月[（15.48±2.3）分]改良日本骨科协会量表评分较术前[（11.24±2.8）分]均显著改善（P<0.05）。32例术后均复查颈椎CT和MRI平扫，显示置钉位置满意，脊髓减压良好，减压上下缘无明显压迫点。32例中，仅1例术中出现大出血，出血量约为3 000 ml；其余31例失血量不超过200 ml。术后出现C5神经根麻痹1例，3个月后症状好转；出现轴性疼痛、肌肉间隙积液各1例。结论 后路长节段显微减压术是治疗多节段CSM的有效方式，规范手术操作有利于减少并发症。     

成对数据的主客体互依调节模型在公共卫生领域的应用与SPSS软件实现

目的 介绍主客体互依调节效应模型（Actor–Partner Interdependence Moderation Model，APIMoM）的基本理论，基于多层次模型实现，为APIMoM的实际应用提供方法学参考。方法 介绍APIMoM在不同类型的成对数据以及调节变量中的构建方法，并结合实例提供在SPSS中实现的语句。结果 本文介绍了5种不同类型的成对数据和调节变量组合的APIMoM构建方法，对于可区分的成对数据，可进一步使用二截距模型分别估计对子内两个成员的效应。结论 APIMoM多应用于心理和行为等方面，使用该模型前要考虑清楚变量间的因果关系和调节变量的选择，才能有效地将APIMoM应用于公共卫生领域成对数据的研究。     

单纯前路与前后联合入路治疗退变性多节段脊髓型颈椎病的对比研究

目的 比较前路多节段（≥3）颈椎间盘切除椎管减压植骨融合内固定（ACDF）与后路单开门椎管扩大成形（ELAP）联合ACDF治疗伴颈椎后凸、巨大椎间盘突出的退变性多节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2019年1月于我院接受多节段ACDF或ELAP联合ACDF治疗的41例合并颈椎后凸畸形、巨大椎间盘突出的退变性多节段脊髓型颈椎病病人的临床资料,根据手术方式分为单纯前路组（21例）和前后联合入路组（20例）,单纯前路组21例,男10例,女11例,年龄为（52.10±5.96）岁。前后联合入路组20例,男12例,女8例,年龄为（53.23±5.12）岁。记录病人手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分、日本骨科协会（Japanese Orthopedic Association,JOA）评分、Nurick评分、C_2-7 Cobb角、局部后凸角（RK）、C_2-7矢状面垂直轴（SVA）。结果 前后联合入路组手术时间、出血量大于单纯前路组（P＜0.05）。两组住院时间的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。末次随访,两组VAS评分、Nurick评分均小于术前,JOA评分大于术前,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;前后联合入路组VAS评分、Nurick评分小于单纯前路组,JOA评分、JOA改善率大于单纯前路组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组C_2-7 Cobb角、RK均大于术前（P＜0.05）,C_2-7 SVA与术前比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。两组C_2-7 Cobb角、RK、C_2-7 SVA比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论 多节段ACDF、ELAP联合ACDF治疗合并颈椎后凸畸形、巨大椎间盘突出的退变性多节段脊髓型颈椎病均可显著改善病人的临床症状及颈椎曲度。与多节段ACDF比较,ELAP联合ACDF虽然手术创伤大但术式更安全,病人的临床症状效果改善更好。     

3D打印个体化人工椎体在多节段脊柱肿瘤切除后脊柱稳定性重建中的应用

目的:探讨3D打印个体化人工椎体在多节段脊柱肿瘤切除后脊柱稳定性重建中应用的安全性和有效性。方法:回顾性分析2017年5月～2019年12月在我院行多节段脊柱肿瘤全切并行3D打印人工椎体脊柱稳定性重建的患者9例,其中男性3例,女性6例;年龄25～64岁,平均41.7±10.5岁,随访18.3±11.4个月(6～36个月)。9例均为原发肿瘤:T5～T7骨母细胞瘤术后复发1例,T7～T8上皮样血管肉瘤1例,T10～T11未分化小圆细胞肉瘤1例,T11～L1软骨肉瘤1例,骨巨细胞瘤5例(T6～T8共2例,T2～T3、T4～T5、T11～L1各1例)。依据肿瘤位置及周围软组织侵袭程度,采取单纯后路手术方式8例,前后路联合手术方式1例行多节段全椎体切除,并通过激光选区融化技术构建个体化3D打印人工椎体进行脊柱稳定性重建。记录手术时间、出血量,通过术后X线片(1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月)及CT(6个月、12个月、24个月)定期复查,之后每6个月复查1次。应用BrantiganSteffee脊柱融合分级评估人工椎体稳定性、界面骨融合情况,手术前及术后1周进行Frankel神经功能评分及疼痛视觉模拟(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分。术后定期观察肿瘤是否复发生原位复发、远处转移以及患者生存情况。结果:所有患者均成功接受多节段脊柱肿瘤切除3D打印人工椎体脊柱稳定性重建术,其中2个节段椎体切除4例,3个节段椎体切除5例。患者手术时间433.3±174.6min(235～740min),术中出血量4816.7±3221.2ml(1000～14000ml)。术前的VAS评分4.1±1.1分,术后7d患者的VAS评分1.2±0.4分,差异具有统计学意义(P0.001)。术前Frankel分级为D级的3例患者术后7d时有2例恢复到E级,1例无明显变化,6例E级患者无明显变化。随访期内3D打印人工椎体与邻近椎体匹配情况良好,无松动、下沉及移位,同时未出现断钉、断棒等内固定失败情况。术后6个月,人工椎体与邻近椎体接触紧密,开始出现界面骨长入,术后12个月,人工椎体与邻近椎体出现骨性连接,发生骨性融合。随访期内7例患者无肿瘤复发转移,1例软骨肉瘤患者术后16个月局部复发,安罗替尼治疗后肿瘤无恶化,1例上皮样血管肉瘤患者全身多发转移于术后18个月死亡,患者中位生存期18个月。结论:3D打印个体化人工椎体可以满足多节段脊柱肿瘤切除后脊柱稳定性重建的要求,精确恢复椎体连续性,精准匹配相邻椎体,自身孔隙结构利于骨的长入,是一种多节段脊柱肿瘤切除后理想的脊柱稳定性重建方法。