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目的 评价RO20-1724对氯胺酮重复麻醉致未成年大鼠认知功能障碍的影响.方法 健康SD大鼠48只,21日龄,雌雄不拘,体重45～55 g,采用随机数字表法,将其分为4组(n=12):对照组(C组)、氯胺酮组(K组)、氯胺酮+ RO20-1724组(K+R组)和氯胺酮+无水乙醇组(K+A组).K组腹腔注射氯胺酮70 mg/kg,1次/d,连续7d;K+R组和K+A组腹腔注射氯胺酮70 mg/kg,30 min后分别腹腔注射RO20-1724 0.5 mg/kg或等容量无水乙醇,1次/d,连续7d.C组腹腔注射等容量生理盐水,1次/d,连续7d.采用Morris水迷宫实验测定认知功能,记录逃避潜伏期和穿越原平台次数.Morris水迷宫实验结束当日,每组处死6只大鼠,取海马组织,电镜下观察超微结构.Morris水迷宫实验结束当日,每组处死6只大鼠,取海马组织,测定海马磷酸化环腺苷酸应答元件结合蛋白(p-CREB)表达.结果 与C组比较,K组和K+A组第3天和第4天时逃避潜伏期延长,穿越原平台次数减少,海马组织p-CREB表达下调(P＜0.05),K+R组逃避潜伏期、穿越原平台次数和p-CREB表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)；与K组比较,K+R组第3天和第4天时逃避潜伏期缩短,穿越原平台次数增多,海马组织p-CREB表达上调(P＜0.05),病理学损伤减轻,K+A组逃避潜伏期、穿越原平台次数和p-CREB表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 RO20-1724可改善氯胺酮重复麻醉致未成年大鼠认知功能障碍,其机制与上调海马p-CREB的表达. 相似文献
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Emancipation is a process that offers adolescents a solution to serve in the role of an adult in circumstances that warrant the need for more autonomy. The process and definitions of emancipation are often ambiguous for adolescents, nurses, and other health care providers that provide services for these individuals. Emancipation can be additionally perplexing with the lack of overarching federal guidelines and the fragmented definitions among various states. Nursing has a significant and legal role in providing care for emancipated minors and a more global duty to advocate for adolescents in situations that necessitate emancipation. This article explores the emancipation process, the laws of each state that govern emancipation, the facilitators and barriers, and the role of nursing in the emancipation process. 相似文献
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X. Elharrar M. Fortin E. Beguinot A.M. Dols L. Greillier Y. Martinet 《Revue d'épidémiologie et de santé publique》2019,67(3):181-187
Background
Prohibition of tobacco sales to minors is a provision of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on tobacco control. This measure is effective to reduce youth tobacco use, if the legislation adopted is properly implemented and enforced. Through the examples of France and Quebec, the objective of this study is to compare legislative frameworks prohibiting tobacco sales to minors, their enforcement, and possible impact on underage smoking.Methods
Identification of legislative instruments, reports from public health authorities, and articles addressing the focused question was performed trough Medline and Google.Results
Selling tobacco products to minors under 18 years of age has been banned by the law since 1998 in Quebec and 2009 in France. In 2011, in France for individuals aged 17, compliance with the law was 15%. In 2017 in France, 94% of 17-year-old daily smokers regularly bought their cigarettes in a tobacco store. Law enforcement controls and sanctions are non-existent. In 2013 in Quebec, 23% of underage smoking students usually bought their own cigarettes in a business. The compliance rate with the prohibition law rose from 37% in 2003 to 92.6% in 2017. An approach of underage “mystery shoppers” attempting to purchase tobacco products and dedicated inspectors has been implemented, and progressive sanctions are applied in case of non-compliance. In 2013, 12.2% of Quebec high school students and, in 2017, 34.1% of French 17 year olds reported using tobacco products in the last 30 days.Conclusion
Only an improved law enforcement, through the training of tobacco retailer's, inspections and effective deterrent penalties for non-compliance, leads to an effective legislative measure in terms of public health. 相似文献7.
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Kate Coleman-Minahan Amanda Jean Stevenson Emily Obront Susan Hays 《The Journal of adolescent health》2019,64(1):20-25
Purpose
Like many states, Texas requires parental consent for adolescents under 18 to access abortion care. Adolescents who cannot obtain parental consent can try to obtain a judicial bypass of parental consent through the court system. Little is known about adolescents’ experiences with the judicial bypass process. Working with Jane's Due Process, an organization providing legal representation for adolescents, we explored adolescents’ experiences with the judicial bypass process.Methods
We conducted phone interviews with 20 adolescents, 16–19 years old in Texas between September and December 2016 about their experiences trying to obtain a judicial bypass. Data analysis included inductive and deductive coding based on theories about engaging with the court system and stigma regarding abortion and adolescent sexuality.Results
In addition to unpredictability and logistic burdens such as finding time away from school and arranging transportation, participants described the bypass process as “intimidating” and “scary” and described judges and guardians-ad-litem who shamed them, “preached” at them, and discredited evidence of their maturity. Data suggest adolescents internalize stigma and trauma they experienced through rationalizing both the need for the bypass process and disrespectful treatment by authority figures.Conclusions
We found the bypass process functions as a form of punishment and allows state actors to humiliate adolescents for their personal decisions. The bypass process was implemented to protect adolescents from alleged negative emotional consequences of abortion, yet our results suggest the bypass process itself causes emotional harm through unpredictability and humiliation. Despite participants’ resilience, the process may have negative consequences for adolescent health. 相似文献9.
城镇居民基本医疗保险未成年人缴费测算方法与理论研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
未成年人的医疗保障是我国当前城镇居民基本医疗保险中的重要内容之一,但当前关于未成年人医疗保险缴费标准和筹资水平的研究还较少。本文通过比较与分析未成年人基本医疗消费支出、医疗保险基金补偿支出、医疗保险支付意愿等,对未成年人基本医疗保险缴费的相关理论进行归纳总结,为提高城镇居民医疗保险中的未成年人的保障提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
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目的:评估针对性关爱服务模式在未成年人引产中应用的效果。方法:2014年1月~2014年10月在我院实施引产术的113名未成年少女分为常规PAC服务的对照组和实施针对未成年人引产后关爱服务的干预组,对照组给予常规PAC指导,干预组在常规指导基础上给予针对未成年人引产后关爱服务的干预,干预后进行调查随访。结果:两组患者在避孕知识知晓、坚持采取高效避孕措施和一年内重复流产率等方面的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。焦虑评分干预组明显低于对照组(t=-10.9,P0.01),满意度高于对照组(t=4.7,P0.05)。结论:根据未成年人特点制定的针对性引产后关爱服务在缓解患者的焦虑情绪、提高患者的满意度,提高避孕率、降低重复流产率方面有较好的效果。 相似文献