细辛碎补汤联合米诺环素对慢性牙周炎患者牙周指标及 龈沟液炎症因子的影响

目的 探讨细辛碎补汤联合米诺环素对慢性牙周炎患者牙周指标及龈沟液炎症因子的影响。方法 选取 2019 年 1 月~2021 年 8 月杭州市萧山区中医院接诊的 96 例慢性牙周炎患者作为研究对象。以双色球法将患者 分为对照组和试验组，每组各 48 例。对照组患者在常规治疗基础上加用米诺环素，试验组患者在对照组治疗 基础上加用细辛碎补汤。比较两组患者的临床疗效、牙周指标、龈沟液炎症因子及不良反应发生情况。结果 试 验组患者总有效率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后两组患者的探诊深度、菌斑指数、探诊出血指数、龈沟 液 C–反应蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子–α 及白介素–6 水平均显著低于本组治疗前（均 P<0.05），且试验组以上指标均 显著低于对照组（均 P<0.05）。两组患者不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义（χ2 =0.154，P=0.695）。结论 细 辛碎补汤联合米诺环素可有效提高慢性牙周炎患者疗效，改善牙周指标，其作用机制可能与降低龈沟液炎症 因子有关。     

Minocycline prevents the depressive-like behavior through inhibiting the release of HMGB1 from microglia and neurons

BackgroundOur previous study reports the causal role of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the development of depression; and we find glycyrrhizic acid (GZA) can be a potential treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) considering its inhibition of HMGB1 activity. This study aims to further explore the exact cell types that release HMGB1 in the hippocampus.MethodsWe detected the effects of microglia conditioned medium on primary astrocytes and neurons. The effects of minocycline on depressive-like behaviors were tested in BABLB/c mice after four weeks of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) exposure. Furthermore, the immunofluorescence (IF) assays, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and TUNEL staining were used to observe hippocampal slices to evaluate the release of HMGB1. The cytoplasmic translocations of HMGB1 protein were assayed by western-blot.ResultsExposure to CUMS caused an active release of HMGB1 from microglia and neurons in the hippocampus. After minocycline administration for inhibiting the activation of microglia, both microglia and neurons reduced the release of HMGB1 and the protein level of central and peripheral HMGB1 recovered accordingly. Along with blocking the release of HMGB1, behavioral and cognitive deficits induced by CUMS were improved significantly by minocycline. In addition, the supernatant of primary microglia stimulated the secretion of HMGB1 in primary neurons, not in astrocytes, at 24 h after 4 h-LPS treatment.ConclusionAll the evidence supported our hypotheses that microglia and neurons are the main cell sources of HMGB1 release under CUMS condition, and that the release of HMGB1 by microglia may play an important role in the development of depressive-like behavior.     

Evaluation of minocycline combined with favipiravir therapy in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: A case-series study

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of minocycline (MIN) and favipiravir combination therapy in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) admitted to our hospital in Fukui Prefecture, Japan, in March and April of 2020. In this retrospective study, a favipiravir monotherapy group (Control group, n = 9) was compared with a combined favipiravir plus MIN therapy group (MIN group, n = 12). No severe cases were present. The primary comparative endpoints evaluated were duration of fever, duration of hospitalization, duration from treatment initiation to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-negative results, and changes in cytokine and chemokine production. Median duration from start of treatment to negative PCR test was significantly shorter in the MIN group than in the Control group. Mean rates of cytokine and chemokine reduction were significantly greater for interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in the MIN group. No difference in adverse event rates were seen between groups, and only minor adverse events were encountered. MIN has been reported to have not only broad antibacterial activity, but also antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity. The present results support the efficacy and safety of MIN plus favipiravir therapy for the treatment of COVID-19.     

抑制病理性疼痛相关胶质细胞活化药物的研究进展

背景 病理性疼痛的产生和持续机制十分复杂.近些年越来越多的研究者关注到脊髓胶质细胞在病理性疼痛中所发挥的作用,其中胶质细胞活化和增殖的抑制剂成为了研究的重点.目的 系统阐述胶质细胞在病理性疼痛中的作用和部分胶质细胞抑制剂的作用机制及研究进展.内容 胶质细胞不仅具有营养和支持作用,还参与了病理性疼痛,已有许多实验证实了应用胶质细胞抑制剂可以减弱胶质细胞的激活从而削弱疼痛反应.趋向 期望能为进一步的药物实验研究提供有价值的思路和借鉴.     

米诺环素对人牙周韧带细胞矿化能力的影响

目的探讨米诺环素对人牙周韧带细胞(periodontal ligament cells，PDLCs)碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase，ALP)活性及矿化结节形成能力的影响。方法将不同浓度的米诺环素(0，1，5，20，100，200mg／L)加入体外培养的第4代HPDLCs中，孵育4天后，检测其对细胞ALP活性的影响；将第4代的PDLCs在体外进行长期培养，实验组加入矿化液和米诺环素(20mg／L或100mg／L)，对照组只加矿化液。28天后用茜素红与VonKossa染色检测矿化结节的形成。结果20mg／L和100mg／L的米诺环素能显提高PDLCs的ALP活性．其中20mg／L具有最大的促进效应，对体外矿化结节的形成，亦有一定程度的促进作用。结论米诺环素有促进牙周韧带细胞向成骨细胞方向转化的趋势，从而有助于牙周新附着的形成。     

Minocycline attenuates testicular damages in a rat model of ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury

Testicular torsion is a serious urological disease leading to testicular damage. This study aimed to assess the effect of minocycline on testicular ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury caused by testicular torsion/detorsion. Male adult Wistar rats (n = 32) were assigned into four groups of sham, I/R, I/R + minocycline and minocycline. I/R injury was induced by two sets of surgical operations, including the rotation of the left testis (720°, counterclockwise), followed by detorsion after 4 hr. The administration of minocycline was carried out 30 min before detorsion and then continued for 8 weeks. At the end of the 8th week, rats were killed and sampling was done. Johnson's score, the height of seminiferous tubule epithelium, the mean seminiferous tubule diameter, as well as biochemical parameters, SOD, GPx and CAT, were significantly enhanced in the I/R + minocycline group compared with the I/R group. The administration of minocycline led to a marked decrease in expression levels of Caspase-3, Bax, IL-1β and TNF-α genes, and a remarkable increase in expression levels of Bcl-2, 3β-HSD and 17β-HSD3 genes compared with the I/R group. Administration of minocycline could also reduce the rate of germ cell apoptosis (TUNEL staining). Hence, minocycline was useful in the management of testicular torsion/detorsion.     

Benefits of minocycline and rifampin-impregnated central venous catheters

Objective To determine the efficacy of minocycline and rifampin-impregnated catheters compared to non-impregnated catheters in critically ill patients.Design Prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled, multicenter trial.Setting Intensive care units of seven acute-care teaching hospitals in Spain.Patients Intensive care unit patients requiring triple-lumen central venous catheter for more than 3 days.Interventions At catheter insertion, 228 patients were randomized to minocycline and rifampin-impregnated catheters and 237 to non-impregnated catheters. Skin, catheter tip, subcutaneous segment, hub cultures, peripheral blood and infusate cultures were performed at catheter withdrawal. The rate of colonization, catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) and catheter-related clinical infectious complications (purulence at the insertion site or CRBSI) were assessed.Measurements and main results In the intention-to-treat analysis (primary analysis), the episodes per 1000 catheter days of clinical infectious complications decreased from 8.6 to 5.7 (RR =0.67, 95% CI 0.31–1.44), CRBSI from 5.9 to 3.1 (RR =0.53, 95% CI 0.2–1.44) and tip colonization from 24 to 10.4 (RR =0.43, 95% CI 0.26–0.73). Antimicrobial-impregnated catheters were associated with a significant decrease of coagulase-negative staphylococci colonization (RR =0.24, 95% CI 0.13–0.45) and a significant increase of Candida spp. colonization (RR =5.84, 95% CI 1.31–26.1).Conclusions The use of antimicrobial-impregnated catheters was associated with a significantly lower rate of coagulase-negative staphylococci colonization and a significant increase in Candida spp. colonization, although a decrease in CRBSI, increase in 30-day survival or reduced length of stay was not observed.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-004-2378-2This study was supported by a grant from Cook Europe.     

盐酸米诺环素软膏在感染渗出性根管封药中的应用

目的 评价盐酸米诺环素软膏作为根管消毒剂治疗感染渗出型慢性根尖周炎的临床疗效.方法 随机单盲对照研究,选择54例(患牙54颗)诊断为慢性根尖周炎合并根管渗液的患者,随机分为两组各27例.A组用盐酸米诺环素软膏作根管封药,B组常规用氢氧化钙甘油糊剂作根管封药;比较两组患者约诊间疼痛程度和复诊时根管渗液的变化,并对根管治疗术(RCT)半年后的临床疗效进行评价.结果 A组约诊间疼痛发生率约为7.4%,低于B组的33.3%(P<0.05);A组根管渗液减少程度优于B组(P<0.05);根管充填术后半年,A、B组间患者的治疗有效率分别为96.3%和88.89%,两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 盐酸米诺环素软膏在感染渗出性根管封药中应用短期疗效优于氢氧化钙甘油糊剂.     

米诺环素在下颌阻生牙拔除后干槽症预防中的应用

目的将米诺环素放入下颌阻生牙拔除后牙槽窝,评价其预防干槽症的效果。方法选择韶关学院医学院附属医院口腔门诊拔除下颌阻生牙的患者126例,随机分成两组,试验组在拔除阻生牙后放入米诺环素,对照组不放任何材料任其自行愈合,1周后复诊观察干槽症的发生情况。结果试验组有1例干槽症发生,对照组有8例干槽症发生,两组干槽症发生率的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论复杂阻生牙拔除术,由于创伤大、操作时间长,在牙槽窝放入米诺环素可预防干槽症的发生。     

Update on minocycline in vitro activity against odontogenic bacteria

Periodontitis, which is a chronic inflammation caused by biofilm from numerous gram-negative and -positive oral bacterial species between gingiva and tooth, is known to have a poor prognosis.Susceptibility of standard strains (19 strains) and clinical isolates (90 strains) of aerobic and anaerobic oral bacteria, including a recently recovered as novel pathogens for periodontitis called Filifactor alocis, was tested to minocycline (MINO) by using the agar dilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.MINO is a well-used therapeutic antibiotic for periodontits. In this study, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of MINO against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (n = 1), Porphyromonas gingivalis (n = 5), Prevotella intermedia (n = 1), Tannerella forsythia (n = 1) and F. alocis (n = 1), were 0.12, ≤0.016–0.03, ≤0.016, 0.03, and 2 μg/mL, respectively. MICs range of MINO against clinical isolates (10 isolates each) Streptococcus intermedius, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, Fusobacterum nucleatum, Parvimonas micra were 0.06–16, ≤0.016–0.03, ≤0.016–1, ≤0.016–0.12, and ≤0.016–0.25 μg/mL, respectively.These results showed that MINO has superior in vitro activities against to known and recent recovered oral bacteria. Moreover, low prevalence in non-susceptible bacteria was observed to MINO.