Mental and emotional representations of “weight loss”: free-word association networks in members of bariatric surgery-related social media communities

BackgroundMindset and communication barriers may hinder the acceptance of bariatric surgery (BS) by the eligible patient population.ObjectivesTo improve the understanding of expectations, opinions, emotions, and attitudes toward weight loss among patients with obesity.SettingSwitzerland, Germany, Austria.MethodsSurvey data collected from BS-related social media communities (n = 1482). Participants were asked to write 5 words that first came to their mind about “weight loss,” and to select 2 emotions, which best described their corresponding feelings. Demographic and obesity-related data were collected. Cognitive representations were constructed based on the co-occurrence network of associations, using validated data-driven methodology.ResultsRespondents were Caucasian (98%), female (94%), aged 42.5 ± 10.1 years, current/highest lifetime body mass index = 36.9 ± 9/50.7 ± 8.7 kg/m². The association network analysis revealed the following 2 cognitive modules: benefit-focused (health, attractiveness, happiness, agility) and procedure-focused (effort, diet, sport, surgery). Patients willing to undergo BS were more benefit-focused (odds ratio [OR] = 2.4, P = .02) and expressed more “hope” (OR = 142, P < .001). History of BS was associated with higher adherence to the procedure-focused module (OR = 2.3, P < .001), and with increased use of the emotions “gratitude” (OR = 107, P < .001), “pride” (OR = 15, P < .001), and decreased mention of “hope” (OR = .03, P < .001).ConclusionPatients with obesity in our study tend to think about weight loss along 2 cognitive schemes, either emphasizing its expected benefits or focusing on the process of achieving it. Benefit-focused respondents were more likely to consider BS, and to express hope rather than gratitude or pride. Novel communication strategies may increase the acceptance of BS by incorporating weight loss–related cognitive and emotional content stemming from patients’ free associations.     

Neural evidence for enhanced attention to mistakes among school-aged children with a growth mindset

Individuals who believe intelligence is malleable (a growth mindset) are better able to bounce back from failures than those who believe intelligence is immutable. Event-related potential (ERP) studies among adults suggest this resilience is related to increased attention allocation to errors. Whether this mechanism is present among young children remains unknown, however. We therefore evaluated error-monitoring ERPs among 123 school-aged children while they completed a child-friendly go/no-go task. As expected, higher attention allocation to errors (indexed by larger error positivity, Pe) predicted higher post-error accuracy. Moreover, replicating adult work, growth mindset was related to greater attention to mistakes (larger Pe) and higher post-error accuracy. Exploratory moderation analyses revealed that growth mindset increased post-error accuracy for children who did not attend to their errors. Together, these results demonstrate the combined role of growth mindset and neural mechanisms of attention allocation in bouncing back after failure among young children.     

精神病与精神卫生学专业学位研究生教学案例库的建设

本文目的是探讨精神病与精神卫生学专业学位研究生(MDPM)教学案例库的建设。随着医学模式的转变和教育教学改革,探索新的研究生培养模式势在必行。MDPM教学案例库是理论联系实践的桥梁,可帮助学生巩固理论知识,提高研究生学习的自主性、主动性,锻炼临床思维,提高临床能力,从而提高研究生培养质量。     

Expecting change: Mindset of staff supporting parents with mild intellectual disabilities

This study of staff supporting parents with mild intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning (MID) focused on staff mindset regarding the extent to which parenting skills of parents with MID can change (an incremental mindset) or are static (an entity mindset). Staff mindset was tested as a predictor of two outcome variables: quality of the working alliance and parental waiting time to ask professional support. In addition, mindset was tested as a moderator of associations between parental adaptive functioning and the two outcome variables. A small majority of staff (56%) held a more incremental oriented mindset. A more incremental oriented mindset was associated with a shorter intended waiting time to seek professional support. Staff mindset moderated the association between parental adaptive functioning and working alliance, that is, lower levels of parental adaptive functioning were associated with lower working alliance quality, but the association was less strong when staff held a more incremental oriented mindset.The results of the current study show that staff mindset might be important for the quality of support for parents with MID and for reducing the risks for families where parents have MID. Attention is due to staff mindset in improving support for parents with MID.     

Growth Mindset Training and Effective Learning Strategies in Community College Registered Nursing Students

Mindset training correlates with student success at all educational levels but has not been applied to nursing education. This pilot study evaluated 35 prelicensure community college registered nursing students on their mindset perspective and learning styles before and after a brief mindset training intervention. After intervention, participants demonstrated increased growth mindset attributes and utilization of evidence-based learning strategies.     

化疗患者的心态分析与护理对策

化疗是治疗恶性肿瘤的主要手段，可弥补手术及放疗的不足，预防肿瘤复发和转移。然而，化疗药物应用的同时也给患者生理及心理带来了诸多不良反应，为了提高癌症患者的生活质量，我们对妇科癌症患者进行了临床观察，现报告如下。