The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB): clinical and cognitive correlates

The purpose of this study was to examine the cognitive and clinical correlates of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) which was originally developed to be an endpoint for cognitive enhancement clinical trials. In a sample of 117 people with schizophrenia and 77 healthy control participants we found the following: a) the MCCB was highly sensitive to the type and level of impairment typically observed in schizophrenia, b) the MCCB composite score was highly correlated with WASI Estimated Full Scale IQ score, c) that the MCCB domain scores were generally moderately-highly intercorrelated, d) that MCCB performance was minimally related to clinical symptom type and severity, and e) the MCCB is sensitive to employment status with better performance in employed vs. unemployed patients. These data support the validity of the MCCB as a sensitive measure of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and suggest that MCCB performance is relevant for functional outcome. The data also suggest that the MCCB domain scores may offer limited resolution on discrete cognitive functions.     

长期住院精神分裂症患者认知功能相关研究

目的探讨长期住院精神分裂症患者认知功能情况,其性别、年龄、病程是否存在差异。方法对41例长期住院精神分裂症患者进行认知功能成套测验(MCCB)测评,并选取在性别、年龄、受教育程度等方面均与之相匹配的正常人做对照。结果 1患者与正常对照相比,连线测验、符号编码、言语记忆、迷宫、情绪管理以及MCCB总分均存在显著性差异(t=-2.09,P=0.040;t=-3.54,P=0.001;t=-3.10,P=0.003;t=-3.39,P=0.001;t=-2.60,P=-0.011;t=-2.50,P=0.015),患者分数均比正常对照低;2患者男性与女性MCCB不存在显著性差异(P0.05);3患者年龄分组比较,其中41~49岁组的言语记忆、迷宫、视觉记忆分数以及总分均显著高于≥50岁组(t=2.31,P=0.031;t=2.66,P=0.012;t=1.99,P=0.047;t=2.29,P=0.028);并且该组言语记忆测验分数也显著高于≤40岁组(t=-2.35,P=0.029);4患者病程分组比较,其中病程≤15年组的符号编码、视觉记忆、情绪管理能力分数以及总分均明显低于病程≥25年组(t=-2.27,P=0.035;t=-2.44,P=0.024;t=-2.57,P=0.018;t=-2.04,P=0.050);病程≤15年组的符号编码、MCCB总分均明显低于病程15~24年组(t=-2.26,P=0.037;t=-2.26,P=0.035)。结论长期住院精神分裂症患者存在认知功能损害,其认知功能损害无明显性别差异,但在年龄及病程方面有差异。     

MCCB测定首发精神分裂症患者及其生物学父母存在认知功能障碍

目的:精神分裂症的认知特征可能受到其生物学父母认知模式的影响.研究旨在描绘精神分裂症患者与其父母之间的功能失调的认知模式.方法:采用认知功能成套测验共识版(MCCB,一种新的测量工具)评估29例首发精神分裂症(符合ICD-10精神分裂症诊断标准,年龄17-45岁),58例精神分裂症患者的生物学父母(年龄40-70岁)和46例健康对照(年龄40-70岁)的认知功能,以探讨精神分裂症患者及其生物学父母之间的认知功能障碍之间的关系.所有数据使用SPSS18.0统计软件进行分析.结果:1)男性精神分裂症患者与其父亲相比在MCCB认知功能测定的6个维度有明显认知缺陷(除社会认知功能外).女性患者的工作记忆和问题推理能力都低于其母亲.2)患者父亲和健康对照组之间的工作记忆和推理问题也存在显著差异.3)与健康对照组相比,患者母亲在问题推理方面没有明显的差异,但视觉记忆有异常.结论:首发精神分裂症患者及其生物学父母在6个维度存在认知功能障碍.患者父母在工作记忆、问题推理和视觉记忆等方面也存在明显功能障碍.仍需深入研究以揭示首发精神分裂症及其生物学父母存在认知功能障碍的潜在机制.     

Cognitive impairments in patients with first episode psychosis: The relationship between neurophysiological and neuropsychological assessments

Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia have been widely reported. Neurophysiological and neuropsychological assessments have been conducted to study these impairments. Event-related potentials (ERPs) are relevant markers of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, and reductions in specific ERP components have been found. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was developed to obtain a consensus battery for the assessment of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Here, we aimed to study modulations of several ERP components in first episode psychosis (FEP). We also examined neuropsychological deficits using the MCCB, and correlations between ERP and MCCB impairments. Thirty-eight FEP patients were compared to thirty-eight healthy controls. The following ERP components were examined: P1, N1, MMN, P2, early-P3 and late-P3. We used an auditory three-stimulus oddball paradigm, with standard (60%), target (20%) and distractor (20%) stimuli. FEP patients showed significantly lower amplitudes of P2, early-P3 and late-P3 components. FEP patients also showed significant deficits in all the MCCB cognitive domains. Finally, correlational analyses found strong associations between amplitudes of P2, early-P3 and late-P3 components and MCCB tests for attention and speed of processing. These findings indicate that deficits in late auditory ERP components are present in FEP, whereas early components are preserved. These reductions in late ERP components were related to attentional deficits in FEP as assessed by MCCB. These findings indicate that MCCB is a valid battery for studying cognitive impairments in the initial stages of schizophrenia, and highlight the utility of converging neurophysiological and neuropsychological measures to examine attentional impairments in schizophrenia.     

血清总胆固醇和甘油三酯对认知功能影响的探讨

目的 探讨血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯对认知功能的影响.方法 从健康体检者中筛查出高脂血症患者65例,其中高胆固醇血症组40例,高甘油三酯血症组25例,从同期体检者中入选年龄、性别、受教育年限、工作年限完全匹配的正常对照者65例.认知功能评定采用认知功能成套测验-共识版(MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery,MCCB),酶法测定血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯.结果 高甘油三酯血症组的得分低于对照组(t=2.74,P=0.04),其中言语记忆(t=2.04,P=0.05)、迷宫(t=3.44,P=0.00)、言语流畅性(t=3.24,P=0.03)、情绪管理(t=3.12,P=0.03)有显著性差异;高胆固醇血症组得分均低于对照组,但无显著性差异,分测验中的言语记忆(t=2.08,P=0.04)、视觉记忆(t=1.91,P=0.05)、言语流畅性(t=1.93,P=0.05)两组之间显著性差异.结论 高胆固醇血症和高甘油三酯血症对认知功能可能存在不同程度的影响.     

精神分裂症患者认知功能损伤的研究进展

为进一步了解精神分裂症神经生物学机制并为未来的相关研究及诊疗提供新思路,故对精神分裂症认知功能损伤的研究进行综述。认知功能受损是精神分裂症的重要临床表现之一。目前使用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)及精神分裂症认知功能成套测验共识版(MCCB)评定精神分裂症患者的认知功能均发现患者存在严重的工作记忆障碍。工作记忆是大脑前额叶皮质的主要功能之一,而纹状体突触前合成和分泌的多巴胺(DA)含量与认知功能损伤程度及前额叶皮质功能存在相关性。对认知功能损伤的治疗有助于改善精神分裂症患者的预后、减轻社会负担。目前已有多种治疗方式可供选择。     

慢性精神分裂症事件相关电位P300与认知功能成套测验的研究

目的探讨慢性精神分裂症P300的波幅、潜伏期的变化,及其与认知功能成套测验的关系。方法检测41例慢性精神分裂症患者（患者组）及40名正常人（对照组）Cz、Fz、Pz 3点的P300,并用认知功能成套测验（MCCB）评定其认知功能。结果与正常对照相比,在Cz、Fz、Pz 3点,患者组P300波幅降低,潜伏期延长 患者组女性波幅明显比男性高。P300与MCCB相关分析显示,Fz潜伏期与连线、符号编码及持续操作呈负相关 Cz潜伏期与连线、符号编码、言语记忆及迷宫呈负相关 Pz潜伏期与符号编码、迷宫及视觉记忆呈负相关 Pz波幅与符号编码、空间广度、迷宫及视觉记忆呈正相关。结论P300及MCCB可以反映出额叶、顶叶及枕叶的情况,将神经生理学与神经心理学结合起来,说明他们可以从两方面共同对大脑认知功能做出评定。     

精神分裂症认知功能成套测验中文版临床信度及效度的研究

目的 对中文版精神分裂症认知功能成套测验(MCCB)的信度及效度进行临床测试.方法 对122例符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版精神分裂症诊断标准的住院患者(患者组)进行MCCB测验,4周后重测,同期接受威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)、瑞文推理测验(RAVEN)、色词测验(Stroop)及阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)测查;并与122名性别、年龄和文化程度与患者组相匹配的社区正常人(对照组)进行比较.结果 (1)MCCB重测相关系数为0.88,P<0.001;(2)评定者间组内相关系数为0.97,P<0.001;(3)MCCB的A、B版本间的复本相关系数为0.64～0.74,P<0.001;A、B版本间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);(4)患者组各个分测验得分均低于对照组(P<0.001);逻辑回归分析,用MCCB区分精神分裂症患者与正常人,符合率达到84.8%(P<0.001),敏感性83.6%,特异性86.1%;(5)关联效度:MCCB与WCST、RAVEN和Stroop呈显著性相关(r=0.54～0.55),P<0.001;(6)结构效度:验证性因素分析证明中文版MCCB与英文版7个维度结构模型拟合良好;(7)MCCB平均完成时间为(58±10)min,耐受性和操作性达到中等偏上水平.结论 中文版MCCB的重测信度、评定者间信度、同质性信度、复本信度、关联效度、结构效度和效标效度等指标满足心理测量学要求,MCCB作为精神分裂症患者认知功能疗效评估的新标准,值得进一步修订和完善.     

Newborn screening for 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency: population heterogeneity of MCCA and MCCB mutations and impact on risk assessment

New technology enables expansion of newborn screening (NBS) of inborn errors aimed to prevent adverse outcome. In conditions with a large share of asymptomatic phenotypes, the potential harm created by NBS must carefully be weighed against benefit. Policies vary throughout the United States, Australia, and Europe due to limited data on outcome and treatability of candidate screening conditions. We elaborated the rationale for decision making in 3-methylcrotonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase deficiency (MCCD), which afflicts leucine catabolism, with reported outcomes ranging from asymptomatic to death. In Bavaria, we screened 677,852 neonates for 25 conditions, including MCCD, based on elevated concentrations of 3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine (3-HIVA-C). Genotypes of MCCA (MCCC1) and MCCB (MCCC2) were assessed in identified newborns, their relatives, and in individuals (n = 17) from other regions, and correlated to biochemical and clinical phenotypes. NBS revealed eight newborns and six relatives with MCCD, suggesting a higher frequency than previously assumed (1:84,700). We found a strikingly heterogeneous spectrum of 22 novel and eight reported mutations. Allelic variants were neither related to biochemical nor anamnestic data of our probands showing all asymptomatic or benign phenotypes. Comparative analysis of case reports with NBS data implied that only few individuals (< 10%) develop symptoms. In addition, none of the symptoms reported so far can clearly be attributed to MCCD. MCCD is a genetic condition with low clinical expressivity and penetrance. It largely represents as nondisease. So far, there are no genetic or biochemical markers that would identify the few individuals potentially at risk for harmful clinical expression. The low ratio of benefit to harm was pivotal to the decision to exclude MCCD from NBS in Germany. MCCD may be regarded as exemplary of the ongoing controversy arising from the inclusion of potentially asymptomatic conditions, which generates a psychological burden for afflicted families and a financial burden for health care systems.     

Reliability and Validity of the Spanish Language Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (3rd Edition) in a Sample of American,Urban, Spanish-Speaking Hispanics

The utility of the Spanish WAIS-III was investigated by examining its reliability and validity among 100 Spanish-speaking participants. Results indicated that the internal consistency of the subtests was satisfactory, but inadequate for Letter Number Sequencing. Criterion validity was adequate. Convergent and discriminant validity results were generally similar to the North American normative sample. Paired sample t-tests suggested that the WAIS-III may underestimate ability when compared to the criterion measures that were utilized to assess validity. This study provides support for the use of the Spanish WAIS-III in urban Hispanic populations, but also suggests that caution be used when administering specific subtests, due to the nature of the Latin America alphabet and potential test bias.