Association of Multimodal Pain Control with Patient-Reported Outcomes in Children Undergoing Surgery

IntroductionOur aim was to describe practices in multimodal pain management at US children's hospitals and evaluate the association between non-opioid pain management strategies and pediatric patient-reported outcomes (PROs).MethodsData were collected as part of the 18-hospital ENhanced Recovery In CHildren Undergoing Surgery (ENRICH-US) clinical trial. Non-opioid pain management strategies included use of preoperative and postoperative non-opioid analgesics, regional anesthetic blocks, and a biobehavioral intervention. PROs included perioperative nervousness, pain-related functional disability, health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Associations were analyzed using multinomial logistic regression models.ResultsAmong 186 patients, 62 (33%) received preoperative analgesics, 186 (100%) postoperative analgesics, 81 (44%) regional anesthetic block, and 135 (73%) used a biobehavioral intervention. Patients were less likely to report worsened as compared to stable nervousness following regional anesthetic block (relative risk ratio [RRR]:0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.11–0.85), use of a biobehavioral technique (RRR:0.26, 95% CI:0.10–0.70), and both in combination (RRR:0.08, 95% CI:0.02–0.34). There were no associations of non-opioid pain control modalities with pain-related functional disability or HRQoL.ConclusionUse of postoperative non-opioid analgesics have been largely adopted, while preoperative non-opioid analgesics and regional anesthetic blocks are used less frequently. Regional anesthetic blocks and biobehavioral interventions may mitigate postoperative nervousness in children.Level of evidenceIII.     

Robust antibody response after a third BNT162b2 vaccine compared to the second among immunocompromised and healthy individuals,a prospective longitudinal cohort study

PurposeAs protection from COVID-19 following two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine showed a time dependent waning, a third (booster) dose was administrated. This study aims to compare the antibody response following the third dose versus the second and to evaluate post-booster seroconversion.MethodsA prospective observational study conducted in Maccabi Healthcare Services. Serial SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG tests, 1,2,3 and 6 months following the second vaccine dose and one month following the third were obtained. Neutralizing antibody levels were measured in a subset of participants. Per individual SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG titer ratios were calculated one month after the booster administration compared to titers one month following the second dose and prior to booster.ResultsAmong 110 participants, 56 (51%) were women. Mean age was 61.7 ± 1.9 years and 66 (60%) were immunocompromised. One month after third dose, IgG titers were induced 7.83 (95 %CI 5.25–11.67) folds and 2.40 (95 %CI 1.90–3.03) folds compared to one month after the second, in the immunocompromised and immunocompetent groups, respectively. Of the 17 immunocompromised participants who were seronegative after the second dose, 4 (24%) became seropositive following the third. Comparing the titers prior to the third dose, an increase of 50.7 (95 %CI 32.5–79.1) fold in the immunocompromised group and 25.7 (95 %CI 19.1–34.7) fold in and immunocompetent group, was observed.ConclusionA third BNT162b2 vaccine elicited robust humoral response, superior to the response observed following the second, among immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals.     

上海市某社区小学生近视状况及相关因素分析

【目的】了解上海市闵行区小学生近视状况及相关因素分析。【方法】选取2019年1月1日至12月31日期间参加屈光筛查的11 356名6~10岁小学生作为本次研究的对象,调查项目包括视力检查和电脑验光。【结果】6~10岁社区小学生近视检出率45.59%。女性高于男性,6~10岁检出率分别为22.88%、31.77%、47.62%、60.53%、69.84%,呈线性趋势(χ²=1.31,P<0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、年龄、父母近视状态是社区小学生屈光近视的影响因素;出生体重、是否早产、体重指数(BMI)对社区小学生屈光近视无影响。【结论】社区儿童青少年屈光近视的检出率较高,且不同人群特征检出情况有所差异,因此需针对不同年龄段、不同学生特征儿童青少年采取综合施策优先,重点人群重点防控的多层次防控策略。     

The effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factors on survival parameters in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a retrospective study

ObjectiveThere is a paucity of data concerning the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs) in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of G-CSF use on relapse-free and overall survival in 358 consecutive, newly diagnosed pediatric ALL patients uniformly treated at the same institution between April 2012 and April 2020.Materials and MethodsPatients were evaluated in two separate periods, based on the G-CSF treatment approach. All patients who underwent ALL treatment between April 2012 and December 2016 received G-CSF (G-CSF⁺ arm; n: 245) in the course of the protocol for reducing the risk of febrile neutropenia and/or inducing neutrophil recovery to prevent any treatment delay. No patients after December 2016 received G-CSF, even if they belonged to the high-risk group, and these were included in the G-CSF^? arm (n: 113).ResultsEstimated mean relapse-free (106.5 months; 95 % CI 102?110.8 vs 82 months 95 % CI 75.2?88.9; p: 0.794) and overall survival (111.4 months; 95 % CI 108?114.8 vs 85 months 95 % CI 80.4?89.8; p: 0.431) rates were similar between the G-CSF⁺ and G-CSF^? groups.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that G-CSF use during ALL treatment had no effect on relapse rates or overall survival.     

血液肿瘤患者化疗后肛周感染危险因素病例对照研究

目的 探讨血液肿瘤患者接受化疗后发生肛周感染的危险因素。方法 采用回顾性病例对照研究的方法,对四川省某三级甲等医院血液内科2020年12月—2021年5月收治的进行化疗的348例血液肿瘤住院患者相关资料（人口学特征、疾病特征、医疗及护理病例记录、实验室检查结果）予以回顾性分析,根据出院诊断发生肛周感染的病例作为病例组,其余病例作为对照组,统计血液肿瘤患者接受化疗后肛周感染的发生率,采用单因素分析和二元Logistic回归分析肛周感染的危险因素。结果 348例血液肿瘤化疗患者,发生肛周感染35例,感染率为10.1%;Logistic回归分析显示,年龄<60岁（OR=8.776,P=0.039）、痔疮史（OR=7.733,P<0.001）、肛周感染史（OR=14.981,P<0.001）、腹泻（OR=3.893,P=0.019）及白细胞计数<1×10⁹/L（OR=6.851,P=0.002）是血液肿瘤患者接受化疗后发生肛周感染的独立危险因素。结论 血液肿瘤患者接受化疗后肛周感染的发生率较高,年龄<60岁、痔疮史、肛周感染史、腹泻、白细胞计数<1×10⁹/L导致血液肿瘤化疗患者肛周感染率增加,在护理化疗期的血液肿瘤患者过程中,应该结合肛周感染的危险因素,采取针对性干预措施,降低肛周感染发生率。     

Efficacy,immunogenicity, and safety of available vaccines in children on biologics: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Vaccinations are essential for preventing infectious diseases in children with chronic diseases as they have increased risk of infection from frequent use of biologics. Response to immunizations in this group is not well known.ObjectiveA systematic review was performed to evaluate three primary outcomes: efficacy; immunogenicity; and safety of vaccines in children with chronic conditions treated with biologics.MethodsThe protocol for our systematic review and meta-analysis was registered and published with PROSPERO. We searched electronic bibliographic databases for studies published from 2009 to 2019, focusing on vaccinations in children with chronic conditions treated with biologics.ResultsWe retrieved 532 records. Thirty-one full-text articles were selected, and 14 were included in the meta-analysis. No significant publication bias was found. Efficacy: limited data are available regarding the efficacy of vaccination, as most studies have focused on immunogenicity as surrogate outcome for efficacy. Immunogenicity: patients receiving anti-TNF-alpha therapy had a statistically significant risk of poor seroconversion (p = 0.028) and seroprotection by the serotype B influenza vaccine [inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) p = 0.013; juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) p = 0.004]. We found adequate responses with H1N1 and H3N2 serotypes. Few studies existed for pneumococcal, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, varicella-zoster virus, Measles Mumps Rubella virus, and multiple vaccine administration. Safety: vaccine administration was not associated with serious side effects, but JIA patients on anti-TNF alpha therapy had a statistically significant risk of presenting with myalgia or arthralgia postinfluenza vaccine (p = 0.014).ConclusionsMore evidence concerning efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of vaccinations is needed to guide physicians in the vaccine decision process for this pediatric population.     

Oxygen sensing,anaesthesia and critical care: a narrative review

In 2019, the scientists who discovered how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability were awarded the Nobel Prize. This elegant sensing pathway is conserved throughout evolution, and it underpins the physiology and pathology that we, as clinicians in anaesthesia and critical care, encounter on a daily basis. The purpose of this review is to bring hypoxia-inducible factor, and the oxygen-sensing pathway as a whole, to the wider clinical community. We describe how this unifying mechanism was discovered, and how it orchestrates diverse changes such as erythropoiesis, ventilatory acclimatisation, pulmonary vascular remodelling and altered metabolism. We explore the lessons learnt from genetic disorders of oxygen sensing, and the wider implications in evolution of all animal species, including our own. Finally, we explain how this pathway is relevant to our clinical practice, and how it is being manipulated in new treatments for conditions such as cancer, anaemia and pulmonary hypertension.     

原发性肺鳞癌中EGFR和ALK基因突变的临床研究北大核心

目的:探讨赣南地区原发性肺鳞癌患者EGFR和ALK基因突变的特点,科学指导此类患者优选靶向用药。方法:入组73例原发性肺鳞癌病例,采用ARMS-PNA技术检测EGFR基因第18、19、20、21外显子突变,应用不平衡法检测其中60例病例的ALK融合基因,回顾性分析EGFR和ALK基因突变患者的临床病理特征。结果:EGFR基因突变8例,阳性率为10.96%(8/73),4例为L858R突变,3例为19del突变,1例为G719X突变。女性患者突变率(66.67%,2/3)明显高于男性患者(8.57%,6/70)(P=0.030),EGFR基因突变在高龄(≥60岁)、进展期(N_(1-3)、Ⅲ+Ⅳ期)患者中相对较高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。EGFR基因突变与吸烟史、T分期以及肿瘤分布位置均无相关性(P>0.05);ALK融合基因表达2例,阳性率3.33%(2/60),与患者性别、年龄、吸烟史、TNM分期及肿瘤分布类型等各临床病理特征均无相关性(P>0.05);未发现EGFR和ALK基因共存突变病例。结论:赣南地区原发性肺鳞癌患者EGFR和ALK基因突变率相对不高,EGFR基因突变以L858R和19del突变为主,且好发于女性患者,可能是患者病情进展的预测因子之一。