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目的:探讨手术联合腔内的方法治疗合并动脉硬化狭窄的急性下肢动脉缺血高龄患者的技术要点及疗效。方法:回顾性分析2008年9月-2010年9月收治的23例(26肢)合并动脉硬化的下肢动脉缺血高龄患者DSA下行腔内联合手术治疗的临床资料和治疗效果。结果:26条肢体(23例)经双腔Fogarty导管取栓、动脉内膜剥脱术,并行相应球囊扩张加支架置入术,或辅助人工皿管旁路手术或/和自体静脉补片成形术,救治成功20例(87.0%),截肢1例(4.3%),死亡2例(8.7%)。结论:伴有全身动脉粥样硬化的大多数动脉缺血高龄患者,手术联合腔内的个体化治疗方案,有助于提高重建下肢动脉供血的救治率。  相似文献   
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KEIGHLEY T. (2013) Globalization: grasping the concept within the context of nursing. International Nursing Review 60 , 86–87 Globalization is a phenomenon traceable historically from the beginning of time as clans and tribes migrated and learnt from each other. The article in this issue of INR by Grootjans and Newman ‘Globalization and nursing: a concept analysis’ (pp. 78–85) makes the case for nurses to be educated about globalization as it applies to modern health care. The concept is complex and requires insight not only into health care itself but also fields such as human migration, economics, the significance of English as a universal language and the use and availability of information technology. Writings on the impact of global technology and social capital are also important. In addressing globalization, nurses need to access research and writings well beyond the standard healthcare oeuvre.  相似文献   
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《Social neuroscience》2013,8(3):280-291
Cross-cultural studies have shown that personality traits are less central and social identities are more important to the selfhood of collectivistic people. However, most cultural neuroscience studies using the self-reference effect (SRE) paradigm have only used personality traits to explore cultural differences in the neural circuits of self-referential processes. In the present study, we used both personality traits and social identities as stimuli in the SRE paradigm and investigated whether and how one's cultural orientation (i.e., individualism vs. collectivism) affects the SRE in the brain. The results showed that the medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate, bilateral temporoparietal regions, and precuneus were involved in self-representation for both personality traits and social identities. Importantly, cultural orientation predicted differential activation patterns in these regions. Collectivists showed stronger activation in the left temporoparietal regions than individualists, who mainly recruited the medial prefrontal regions. Our findings suggest that the personal and social self share common neural substrates, the activation of which can be modulated by one's cultural orientation.  相似文献   
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目的 探究中学生家长的集体主义-个体主义价值观对其养育目标的影响.方法 用改编的集体主义-个体主义价值取向量表(COLINDEX)和Kohn家长养育目标量表对378名中学生的家长进行问卷调查分析.结果 在个体主义因素上,父亲得分[(3.23±0.73)分]比母亲得分[(3.05±0.44)分]高( F (1,359)=5.25,P <0.05),受大专及其以上教育的家长[(4.00±0.86)分]比受高中或中专教育的[(3.91±0.81)分]和初中及以下教育的[(3.83±0.97)分]得分高( F (2,363)=4.72,P <0.01).回归分析发现集体主义价值观对"责任适应"和"规范顺从"养育目标都有预测力( P <0.01);集体主义价值观和个体主义价值观都对"探索进取"养育目标有预测力( P <0.05; P <0.01).结论 高集体主义价值观的家长期望子女能够承担责任,适应社会,有良好的行为规范,并且顺从父母的教导;高个体主义价值观的家长鼓励子女独立自主、探索进取.  相似文献   
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目的修订个人主义-集体主义量表的中文版(the Chinese version of the Individualism-Collectivism Scale,ICS-C),并对其测量学的特征进行评估。方法英文原版的ICS首先被翻译成中文后,再进行回译,确保内容一致,然后对5个年龄组的1760名青少年被试施测。结果 ICS-C内部一致性信度Cronbach'sα系数为0.64~0.83,用ICCs指标的重测信度为0.45~0.80,四因素模型的验证性因素分析结果发现,四因素模型与数据吻合最好。结果支持了多维度的个人主义和集体主义,多因素方差分析的结果显示,存在显著的年龄和性别差异。在社会维度的主观知觉上,随着年龄的增长有一个递增趋势。在性别差异上,女生在垂直集体主义上的得分高于男生(P0.05)。结论个人主义-集体主义量表的中文版具有良好的信度和效度。  相似文献   
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讨论了对知情同意传统模型的挑战,其挑战来源于社群论者、女权主义者、当代儒学哲学家。阐述了社群的定义与特点、类型,可以从个人视角和社会学视角对社群进行定义,介绍了根据人类基因组织委员会的《受益共享声明》对社群的分类:原住社群和境遇社群,并分析了这两种类型社群的特点。论述了社群参与知情同意的过程,分析了参与的种种情况和意义、作用。并介绍了关于"社群同意"的争论以及非西方文化社群中知情同意过程的张力。  相似文献   
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论尊重个人     
“尊重个人”是现代伦理的一项重要内容,但理论界至今未对其进行专门研究。本文从“新生个人的涵义入手,介绍了这一道德规范的双向性、个体针对性、权 它与个人主义、利已主义相区别的特殊规定性及从马克思道德论出发提出了这一规范的客观必然性,通过“新生个人”与集体主义、人道主义、民主在目的、侧重点适用范围、社会意义等方面的比较屯它独立存在的价值;最后深入阐述了提倡新生个人对于弥补传统文化缺陷、建设现代伦理文化  相似文献   
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This article considers findings from two recent qualitative studies in the UK, identifying parallels in the ways in which ‘ecologies of practice’ in two high-profile areas of health-related intervention underpin processes of empowerment and recognition. The first project focused on policy and practice in relation to teenage motherhood in a city in the North of England. The second project was part of a larger research programme, Changing Families, Changing Food, and investigated the ways in which ‘family’ is constructed through policy and practice interventions concerning food and health. While UK Government health policy stresses that health and social care agencies should ‘empower’ service users, it is argued here that this predominantly reflects a managerialist discourse, equating citizenship with individualised self-sufficiency in the ‘public’ sphere. Drawing critically on Honneth's politics of recognition (Honneth, A. (2001). Recognition or redistribution? Changing perspective on the moral order of society. Theory, Culture and Society, 18(2–3), 43–55.), we suggest that formal health policy overlooks the inter-subjective processes that underpin a positive sense of self, emphasising instead an individualised ontology. While some research has positioned practitioners as one-dimensional in their adherence to the current audit culture of the public sector in the UK, our study findings demonstrate how practitioners often circumvent audit-based ‘economies of performance’ with more flexible ‘ecologies of practice.’ The latter open up spaces for recognition through inter-subjective processes of identification between practitioners and service users. Ecologies of practice are also informed by practitioners' experiential knowledge. However, this process is largely unacknowledged, partly because it does not fall within a managerialist framework of ‘performativity’ and partly because it often reflects taken-for-granted, gendered patterns. It is argued here that a critical understanding of ‘empowerment’, in community-based health initiatives, requires clear acknowledgment of these inter-subjective and gendered dimensions of ‘ecologies of practice’.  相似文献   
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《Substance use & misuse》2013,48(2):215-223
The role of individualism–collectivism in influencing the motives for alcohol use was examined by comparing motives for drinking among 72 U.S. (individualist) and 83 Nigerian (collectivist) respondents in 1998. The study also examined the role of gender. The Drinking Motives Questionnaire (Cooper, M.L.; Russell, M.; Skinner, J.B.; Windle, M. Development and Validation of a Three-Dimensional Measure of Drinking Motives. Psychol. Assess. 1992, 4, 123–132.) that classifies drinking motives into coping, enhancement, and social motives was used. The U.S. respondents were hypothesized to score higher on coping motives and lower on social motives than Nigerian participants. This hypothesis was supported. Male respondents also scored higher than females on all the three motives. These results have implications for intervention approaches regarding alcohol use for people with differing cultural orientations.  相似文献   
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