Chronic inflammation and risk of lung cancer in older adults in the health,aging and body composition cohort study

Objectives

We examined the association between three inflammatory markers (Interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) and incident lung cancer using baseline, updated, and averaged inflammatory measures in older adults.

维持性血液透析中低血压发生原因及其护理对策

目的 分析维持性血液透析中引发低血压的因素及相应的护理对策。方法 严格遵循知情与自愿原则从2016年12月～2019年3月就诊于本院并接受维持性血液透析治疗的患者中随机选择50例作为本次研究对象。由医护人员就维持性血液透析中引发低血压的可能性因素进行分析并予以针对性的护理,而后观察记录50例患者的低血压发生率、并发症发生率与生活质量变化情况。结果 50例维持性血液透析患者经针对性护理后的低血压发生率与并发症总发生率分别为6.00%和8.00%,且护理后的各项生活质量指标数据高于护理前,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 明确导致维持性血液透析患者在治疗过程中引发低血压的可能性因素,有利于临床对患者采取更具针对性和完善性的护理措施,进而有效预防低血压现象的发生,同时还可在最小化并发症发生率的基础上不断优化其生活质量。     

Lung cancer incidence in young women vs. young men: A systematic analysis in 40 countries

Previous studies have reported converging lung cancer rates between sexes. We examine lung cancer incidence rates in young women vs. young men in 40 countries across five continents. Lung and bronchial cancer cases by 5-year age group (ages 30–64) and 5-year calendar period (1993–2012) were extracted from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. Female-to-male incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated by age group and birth cohort. Among men, age-specific lung cancer incidence rates generally decreased in all countries, while in women the rates varied across countries with the trends in most countries stable or declining, albeit at a slower pace compared to those in men. As a result, the female-to-male IRRs increased among recent birth cohorts, with IRRs significantly greater than unity in Canada, Denmark, Germany, New Zealand, the Netherlands and the United States. For example, the IRRs in ages 45–49 year in the Netherlands increased from 0.7 (95% CI: 0.6–0.8) to 1.5 (95% CI: 1.4–1.7) in those born circa 1948 and 1963, respectively. Similar patterns, though nonsignificant, were found in 23 additional countries. These crossovers were largely driven by increasing adenocarcinoma incidence rates in women. For those countries with historical smoking data, smoking prevalence in women approached, but rarely exceeded, those of men. In conclusion, the emerging higher lung cancer incidence rates in young women compared to young men is widespread and not fully explained by sex differences in smoking patterns. Future studies are needed to identify reasons for the elevated incidence of lung cancer among young women.     

特发性扩张型心肌病患者左心室逆重构的发生率、预测因素和预后分析

目的探讨特发性扩张型心肌病患者左心室逆重构(LVRR)的发生率、预测因素及预后。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2017年5月于焦作市第二人民医院住院的51例特发性扩张型心肌病患者的一般临床资料和超声心动图数据,以复查时左心室射血分数(LVEF)绝对值增加10%以上的患者为LVRR组,LVEF绝对值增加低于10%的为NLVRR组。计算LVRR的发生率,采用logistic回归分析LVRR的预测因素,比较两组心力衰竭恶化再住院率,并采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线法分析两组死亡率。结果特发性扩张型心肌病患者LVRR的发生率为51.0%(26/51)。LVRR的预测因素为心力衰竭病史<1年(OR=0.065,95%CI:0.007~0.562,P=0.013)和首次LVEF≥35%(OR=23.457,95%CI:2.687~204.770,P=0.004)。LVRR组的住院次数为2.8±2.9,NLVRR组为3.4±2.3,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.003)。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线法分析显示,LVRR组患者的预后优于NLVRR组(95%CI:96.442~120.323和95%CI:69.909~98.364,P=0.017)。结论特发性扩张型心肌病患者的LVRR发生率为51.0%,心力衰竭病史小于1年和首次LVEF≥35%为其预测因素,此类患者预后改善。     

A Noninterventional,Observational, European Post-Authorization Safety Study of Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma Treated With Lenalidomide

IntroductionLenalidomide plus dexamethasone is effective and well tolerated in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). In this observational, noninterventional European post-authorization safety study, the safety profile of lenalidomide plus dexamethasone was investigated and compared with that of other agents in the treatment of RRMM in a real-world setting.Patients and MethodsPatients had received ≥ 1 prior antimyeloma therapy; prior lenalidomide was excluded. Treatment was per investigator’s routine practice. Adverse events were analyzed by incidence rates per 100 person-years to account for differences in observation length and treatment duration.ResultsIn total, 2150 patients initiated lenalidomide, and 1479 initiated any other antimyeloma therapy, predominately bortezomib (80.3%), which was primarily administered intravenously (74.3%). The incidence rate of neuropathy was lower with lenalidomide (10.5) than with bortezomib (78.9) or thalidomide (38.7). Lenalidomide also had a lower incidence rate of infections (68.7) versus bortezomib (95.9) and thalidomide (76.0). Conversely, the incidence rate of neutropenia was higher with lenalidomide (38.0) than with bortezomib (18.2) or thalidomide (25.7). The incidence rates of thrombocytopenia were 24.4, 40.4, and 14.4 with lenalidomide, bortezomib, and thalidomide, respectively.ConclusionNo new safety signals for lenalidomide were identified in this study, which is the largest prospective real-world European study of lenalidomide in patients with RRMM to date. These results confirm that the safety profile of lenalidomide plus dexamethasone in RRMM in a real-world setting is comparable to that reported in clinical trials.     

1999-2018年贵州省黔南州居民骨肉瘤发病特征及变化趋势分析

目的 分析1999-2018年黔南州居民骨肉瘤发病特征及变化趋势，为制定防治措施提供参考依据。方法 提取黔南州肿瘤登记处系统中1999-2018年新发骨肉瘤病例发病信息进行性别、年龄分析，计算发病率、中国标化发病率（中标率）、世界标化发病率（世标率）、年龄别发病率和年均变化百分比（APC）等。并对黔南州不同民族骨肉瘤患者病理类型分布特征进行统计分析。结果 1999-2018年黔南州居民新发骨肉瘤237例（男性147例，女性90例），发病率为3.66/100万（男性4.39/100万，女性2.87/100万），中标率2.49/100万（男性2.76/100万，女性2.17/100万），世标率为2.90/100万（男性3.45/100万，女性2.35/100万）。发病率在9岁以前处于较低水平，9岁以后迅速升高，10～19岁年龄段达到峰值14.97/100万（男性16.03/100万，女性12.85/100万），20岁以后迅速下降，60岁以上年龄段发病率逐渐减低，男、女年龄别发病率变化趋势基本一致。237例骨肉瘤患者病理诊断主要以常规性骨肉瘤最为常见，占83.54%。布依族骨肉瘤患者病理类型分布与苗族、水族、毛南族、汉族及其他民族骨肉瘤患者比较，差异均有统计学意义（x2值分别为16.125、14.709、12.486、9.613、10.078、28.727，P=0.001）。结论 贵州省黔南州居民20年来骨肉瘤发病率有呈上升趋势，男性、10～29岁年龄段和布依族居民是防治的重点人群。