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1.
BACKGROUNDImmunoglobulin D (IgD) multiple myeloma (MM) is a rare subtype of MM and commonly occurs in younger subjects but at a later stage of the International Staging System (ISS) when admitted. As a special type of IgD myeloma, IgD-λ/λ biclonal MM is rarer. Its serum protein electrophoresis and serum immuno-fixation electrophoresis (IFE) might find no anomalies even if the bone marrow (BM) examination is performed. Thus, it is easy to miss the diagnosis.CASE SUMMARYA 62-year-old man diagnosed as IgD-λ/λ myeloma (ISS stage III) was admitted with fatigue and weight loss. The physical examination suggested an anemic face, a few moist rales at the left lung base, and mild concave edema in both lower extremities. Laboratory examinations showed the elevated creatinine levels, β2-microglobulin, lactic dehydrogenase, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, while the decreased neutrophils, granulocytes, and hemoglobin. In the serum protein electrophoresis, there appeared two inconspicuous M-spikes. Serum IFE indicated an over-representation of lambda light chain and yielded two monoclonal bands in λ region, but only one corresponding heavy chain band in the antisera to IgD region. The BM histology and BM cytology both supported the diagnosis of IgD-λ/λ myeloma.CONCLUSIONThis case highlights the differential clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of IgD-λ/λ myeloma to help minimize the chance of misdiagnosis.  相似文献   
2.
刘芳  杨雪  张肖瑾 《陕西中医》2021,(5):612-615
目的:观察加味五虎汤联合孟鲁司特钠治疗儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘的临床疗效及对患者相关临床指标的影响。方法:选取98例咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)患儿作为观察资料,按随机数字表划分为西药组与联合组,西药组给予孟鲁司特钠治疗,联合组给予加味五虎汤联合孟鲁司特钠治疗; 治疗30 d后评价两组临床疗效,观察治疗前后两组患儿肺功能、血清指标的变化情况,统计治疗期间两组患儿不良反应发生情况。结果:联合组临床疗效优于西药组且总有效率(93.88%)高于西药组(77.55%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); 治疗后,两组患儿肺活量(FVC)、第 1 秒用力呼吸量(FEV1)、最大呼气峰流速(PEF)均较治疗前好转,联合组均优于西药组(P<0.05); 治疗后,两组患儿转化生长因子-1β(TGF-1β)、白细胞介素-13(IL-13)、免疫球蛋白E(IgE)、嗜酸性粒细胞(Eos)均较治疗前好转,联合组均优于西药组(P<0.05); 联合组不良反应发生率(4.08%)低于西药组(16.33%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:加味五虎汤联合孟鲁司特治疗儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘疗效良好,能够进一步改善患儿肺功能与临床血清相关指标,对于预防复发有较好疗效。  相似文献   
3.
Background and objectivesAlthough plasma donation by plasmapheresis is generally considered to be safe, there are still concerns about the long-term effects of intensive plasma donation on the levels of certain blood components, such as immunoglobulin G (IgG). The IPS study aims to assess donor safety during individualized plasma donation according to pre-donation IgG levels and body weight compared with plasma donation under current German guidelines.Study design and methodsThis ongoing prospective multicenter study allows eligible donors to choose between an individualized plasma donation program or plasma donation according to current German guidelines. Adverse events (AEs), serious AEs (SAEs) and serum IgG levels are systematically documented for up to 12 years, with AE/SAE recording from study start until 8 months after the last donation on-study.ResultsAt data cut-off (30 th June 2019), 1,919,334 donations in 20,598 donors were documented. The donation-based incidence for all AEs/SAEs was 2.07% in the control group (n = 2155) and 2.22% in the individualized program group (n = 18,443). For related AEs/SAEs, incidences were 1.23% and 1.62%, respectively. Most AEs/SAEs were of mild or moderate severity; events related to venepuncture were most frequent (46.8%). The majority of withdrawals with known causes were due to non-medical reasons. After an initial drop, IgG levels remained stable for up to 10 years.ConclusionsThe results of this interim analysis showed no critical difference in donor safety between donors in an individualized program and those who donated according to current guidelines, supporting the concept of donor stratification by pre-donation IgG levels  相似文献   
4.
IntroductionPatients with cancer have been prioritized for vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Nevertheless, there are limited data regarding the safety, efficacy, and risk of developing immune-related adverse events (irAEs) associated with mRNA vaccines in patients with lung cancer, especially those being actively treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.MethodsThis multicenter observational study was conducted at nine hospitals in Japan. Patients with lung cancer (≥20 y) actively treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors between 4 weeks prefirst vaccination and 4 weeks postsecond vaccination were enrolled. The primary end point was the incidence of irAEs of any grade on the basis of an assumed incidence without vaccination rate of 35%. Immunogenicity was assessed by measuring anti–spike (S)-IgG antibody levels against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.ResultsA total of 126 patients with lung cancer (median age, 71 y; interquartile range, 65–74) were enrolled from May to November 2021 and followed up until December 2021. There were 26 patients (20.6%, 95% confidence interval: 13.9%–28.8%) and seven patients (5.6%, 95% confidence interval: 2.3%–11.1%) who developed irAEs of any grade pre- and postvaccination, respectively, which was lower than the predicted incidence without vaccination. None of the patients experienced exacerbation of preexisting irAE postvaccination. S-IgG antibodies were seroconverted in 96.7% and 100% of the patients with lung cancer and controls, respectively, but antibody levels were significantly lower in patients with lung cancer (p < 0.001).ConclusionsPatients with lung cancer who were actively treated with ICIs were safely vaccinated without an increased incidence of irAEs; however, their vaccine immunogenicity was lower. This requires further evaluation.  相似文献   
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6.
《Immunobiology》2022,227(6):152278
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important infectious pathogens in medicine. This bacterium causes various infections, especially in patients with severe burns and people with defective immune systems. The purpose of this study was to develop a nanovaccine based on PLGA nanoparticles and lipopolysaccharide and oligopolysaccharide antigens for appropriate stimulation of the humoral and cellular immune systems against P. aeruginosa. LPS-PLGA and OPS-PLGA conjugates were synthesized using the carbodiimide reaction. The prepared conjugates of as well as the pure antigens of LPS and OPS were injected to BALB/c mice in three periods at 2 week intervals. The ELISA test showed that the IgM, IgA, IgG, IgG1, IgG2b, IgG2a and IgG3 antibodies produced against LPS-PLGA or OPS-PLGA conjugates were tens of times higher than the pure antigens. Also, the opsonophagocytosis test showed that the performance and the effect of produced anti-LPS-PLGA antibodies were higher than other groups. In addition, the mice treated with LPS-PLGA conjugate were more resistant to P. aeruginosa infection than other groups. These findings indicated that LPS and OPS antigens in conjugation with PLGA nanoparticles have the ability to create and effective immunity against P. aeruginosa and LPS-PLGA is more effective than OPS-PLGA.  相似文献   
7.
Most vaccines approved by regulatory bodies are administered via intramuscular or subcutaneous injections and have shortcomings, such as the risk of needle-associated blood infections, pain and swelling at the injection site. Orally administered vaccines are of interest, as they elicit both systemic and mucosal immunities, in which mucosal immunity would neutralize the mucosa invading pathogen before the onset of an infection. Hence, oral vaccination can eliminate the injection associated adverse effects and enhance the person's compliance. Conventional approaches to manufacturing oral vaccines, such as coacervation, spray drying, and membrane emulsification, tend to alter the structural proteins in vaccines that result from high temperature, organic and toxic solvents during production. Electrohydrodynamic processes, specifically electrospraying, could solve these challenges, as it also modulates antigen release and has a high loading efficiency. This review will highlight the mucosal immunity and biological basis of the gastrointestinal immune system, different oral vaccine delivery approaches, and the application of electrospraying in vaccines development.  相似文献   
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9.
新型冠状病毒能否通过宫内垂直传播感染胎儿是关注的焦点,而如何正确评价新型冠状病毒是否存在宫内垂直传播,更是问题的关键所在。病毒学和血清学证据对诊断病毒宫内垂直传播都有价值。单纯将血清学结果用于确定新型冠状病毒宫内传播时,应至少对新生儿随访3~6个月,动态观察IgM和IgG滴度变化,同时随访其母亲,与母亲特异性抗体的滴度进行比较。  相似文献   
10.
目的探讨儿童特发性肾病综合征(INS)的低免疫球蛋白(Ig)G血症可能机制。 方法选择2015年9月至2016年10月,于深圳市儿童医院接受治疗的40例激素敏感型INS患儿为研究对象。按照患儿病情,将其分为INS初发组(n=20)和INS缓解组(n=20),选择同期在该院接受健康体检的同年龄健康儿童纳入对照组(n=20)。采用流式细胞术(FCM)检测受试儿外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中滤泡辅助性T细胞(Tfh,CD4CXCR5ICOShighT)、初始B细胞(CD19CD27IgDB细胞)、转化前记忆B细胞(CD19CD27IgD B细胞)、转化后记忆B细胞(CD19CD27IgD B细胞)及浆细胞(CD19CD27IgDCD38highB细胞)百分比;采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR),检测受试儿外周血CD4T细胞相关基因mRNA表达水平;采用酶联免疫吸附试验、免疫荧光吸附试验,分别检测受试儿血浆白细胞介素(IL)-2水平、丙二醛浓度。采用单因素方差分析及最小显著性差异(LSD)-t法,对上述指标分别进行3组间及组间两两比较;对其中部分指标的相关性,采用Pearson相关分析法。本研究通过深圳市儿童医院伦理委员会批准(批准日期:2016-04-11),所有受试对象监护人知情并同意。 结果①INS初发组患儿血清总蛋白及白蛋白水平,以及血浆总IgG、IgG1、IgG2、IgG4水平等6项指标,均显著低于对照组健康儿童,血清总胆固醇浓度,则显著高于对照组,并且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②INS初发组患儿PBMC中Tfh百分比为(3.9±1.2)%,显著低于对照组的(5.2±1.1)%及INS缓解组的(4.9±1.2)%,并且差异均有统计学意义(P=0.001,P=0.021)。③INS初发组患儿PBMC中,转化后记忆B细胞、浆细胞百分比为(8.4±3.6)%、(7.5±2.0)%,均低于INS缓解组患儿的(11.6±2.7)%、(11.4±3.9)%及对照组健康儿童的(12.2±3.7)%、(12.5±3.4)%,并且差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.001)。④INS初发组患儿的8项指标,如CD4T细胞相关基因B淋巴细胞诱导成熟蛋白(Blimp)-1、IL-2Rα、IL-2Rβ、IL-2Rγ、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)、丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(AKT)、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)及雷帕霉素结合蛋白复合物(mTORC)1mRNA表达水平为(3.2±1.1)、(14.4±5.7)、(18.5±4.6)、(7.2±1.7)、(10.3±3.6)、(2.2±0.3)、(1.84±0.68)、(7.2±1.4),均高于INS缓解组患儿的(2.4±1.1)、(10.5±2.5)、(15.5±3.5)、(5.5±1.1)、(8.5±2.2)、(1.8±0.5)、(1.44±0.29)、(6.1±1.2)及对照组健康儿童的(2.4±1.1)、(10.3±5.5)、(14.6±4.8)、(5.6±2.5)、(1.56±0.42)、(2.4±1.1)、(10.3±5.5)、(14.6±4.8);而B细胞淋巴瘤因子(BCL)-6 mRNA表达水平为(1.22±0.29),则低于INS缓解组患儿的(1.49±0.35)及对照组健康儿童的(1.56±0.42),并且上述差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。⑤INS初发组患儿血浆IL-2水平及丙二醛浓度为(28.9±6.1) ng/L、(15.0±9.2) μmol/L,均高于INS缓解组患儿的(18.0±5.9) ng/L、(7.3±5.4) μmol/L及对照组健康儿童的(16.2±7.6) ng/L、(8.8±5.1) μmol/L,并且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001、P=0.022,P<0.001、P=0.004)。⑥INS缓解组患儿与对照组健康儿童上述21项指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。⑦60例受试儿PBMC中Tfh百分比与血浆IgG水平、浆细胞百分比,均呈正相关关系(r=0.692、0.809,P<0.001)。INS初发组20例患儿血浆丙二醛浓度与mTOR、mTORC1mRNA表达水平,亦均呈正相关关系(r=0.627、P=0.003,r=0.794、P<0.001)。 结论INS患儿PBMC中Tfh百分比下降影响B细胞分化成熟,可能是导致患儿低IgG血症的原因之一。血浆IL-2水平升高和高脂血症导致的mTOR和mTORC1过表达,可能是抑制INS患儿Tfh分化的重要原因。  相似文献   
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