血液透析发生结核感染的影响因素分析

目的分析维持性血液透析患者发生结核感染的影响因素及临床特点。方法回顾性调查2018年5月-2019年8月北京清华长庚医院肾内科收治的长期规律血液透析患者共150例,收集患者的年龄、性别、合并疾病、血常规、生化、透析充分性等检验结果和影像学资料,归纳分析血液透析患者发生结核感染的影响因素。结果150例血液透析患者,男性91人,女性59人,平均年龄(62.7±14.2)岁,发生结核感染者共11例(7.33%),其中肺外结核比例高(54.5%),以浆膜腔积液为主要表现(54.5%),血红蛋白(94.7±11.6)g/L、血清白蛋白(34.6±2.0)g/L、血肌酐(593.6±221.4)umol/L低于无结核感染者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);血小板(228.7±103.5)×10⁹/L高于无结核感染者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者年龄、透析充分性、淋巴细胞、血糖、血脂、血钙、血磷、全段甲状旁腺激素无统计学差异。结论血红蛋白<110g/L、白蛋白<35g/L是MHD患者发生结核感染的高危因素,MHD患者发生结核感染以肺外结核为主,临床表现具有隐匿性和不典型性,临床工作应提高警惕避免漏诊。     

Inflamación y adecuación de la hemodiálisis: ¿están los niveles de proteína C reactiva influidos por la dosis de diálisis recibida?

IntroductionChronic inflammation and the underlying cardiovascular comorbidity are still current problems in chronic hemodialysis patients. There are few studies comparing the “dialysis dose” (Kt/V) with the degree of inflammation in the patient. Our main objective was to determine whether there is a relationship between serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and the Kt/V using ionic dialysance.MethodsMulticenter cross-sectional study. A total of 536 prevalent chronic hemodialysis patients were included. CRP levels, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio were collected. Kt was obtained by ionic dialysance and urea distribution volume was calculated from the Watson's formula. The sample was divided into 2 groups, taking the median CRP as the cut-off point. Dialysis adequacy obtained in each group was compared. Finally, a logistic regression model was carried out to determine the variables with the greatest influence.ResultsMedian CRP was 4.10 mg/L (q25-q75: 1.67-10) and mean Kt/V was 1.48 ± 0.308. Kt/V was lower in the patients included in the high inflammation group (P = .01). In the multivariate logistic regression, the “high” levels of CRP were directly correlated with the Log neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (P < .001) and inversely proportional with serum albumin values (P = .014), Kt/V (P = .037) and serum iron (P < .001).ConclusionThe poorer adequacy in terms of dialysis doses (lower Kt/V values) may contribute to a higher degree of inflammation in chronic hemodialysis patients.     

血液透析患者中心静脉导管发生相关血流感染危险因素的Meta分析

目的 通过Meta分析了解留置中心静脉导管的血液透析患者发生导管相关血流感染的危险因素。 方法 计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase数据库,检索时限为建库至2020年12月31日,使用RevMan 5.3进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入20篇文献,包括29项相关危险因素,有统计学意义的危险因素包括合并糖尿病（OR=2.55）、血清白蛋白<30 g/L（OR=2.35）、CD4+细胞<200个/μl（OR=3.02）、急性生理与慢性健康评分Ⅱ≥20分（OR=2.41）、股静脉置管（OR=1.94）、导管留置时间≥14 d（OR=3.20）、使用带隧道带涤纶套导管（OR=2.83）。 结论 合并糖尿病、低血清白蛋白、CD4+细胞<200个/μl、急性生理与慢性健康评分Ⅱ≥20分、股静脉置管、导管留置时间≥14 d、使用带隧道带涤纶套导管是留置中心静脉导管的血液透析患者易发生导管相关血流感染,护理人员应充分关注该类患者。     

A randomized trial of vonapanitase (PATENCY-1) to promote radiocephalic fistula patency and use for hemodialysis

Objective

Arteriovenous fistulas created in patients with chronic kidney disease often lose patency and fail to become usable. This prospective trial evaluated the efficacy of vonapanitase, a recombinant human elastase, in promoting radiocephalic fistula patency and use for hemodialysis.

Phase angle values,a good indicator of nutritional status,are associated with median value of hemoglobin rather than hemoglobin variability in hemodialysis patients

BackgroundOur aim was to elucidate whether Hb variability affects nutritional status in HD patients.MethodsThis study included chronic HD patients (n = 76) with available monthly Hb levels up to 24 months prior to the body composition monitoring (BCM) measurement. The parameters obtained in the BCM included body mass index (BMI), lean tissue index (LTI), fat tissue index (FTI), body cell mass index (BCMI), overhydration/extracellular water ratio (OH), and phase angle (PhA). The coefficient of variation (Hb-CV), standard deviation (Hb-SD), and range of Hb (Hb-RAN) were used as indexes of Hb variability. In addition, minimum (Hb-Min), maximum (Hb-Max), average (Hb-Avg), and median (Hb-Med) Hb levels (g/dL) were analyzed.ResultsThere were no significant differences in clinical, biochemical, and nutritional indexes based on the Hb-CV level. Compared to patients with an Hb-Med ≤ 10.77, those with an Hb-Med >10.77 had higher albumin levels, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and PhA and lower average weekly prescribed darbepoetin. Age, female sex, OH, and darbepoetin dosage were negatively correlated with PhA. Serum albumin, phosphorus, TIBC, Hb-Med, and Hb-Avg were positively correlated with PhA. In multiple linear regression analysis, PhA was positively associated with Hb-Med and serum albumin level, whereas PhA was negatively associated with age and female sex. The area under the curve (AUC) of Hb-Med was 0.665 (p = 0.040) in predicting PhA >5.00°ConclusionsPhA was not affected by indexes of Hb variability, whereas PhA was associated with Hb-Med in chronic HD patients.     

血液净化技术在危重患者治疗中的应用进展

近年来血液净化技术不断发展，新模式和新材料不断涌现。在多种病因导致的危重患者中，血液净化均可以发挥重要的治疗作用。特别是对于内环境严重紊乱的危重患者，血液净化已经成为重要的生命支持手段。因为连续性血液净化技术对血流动力学影响较小，在危重患者的治疗中更具有优势。免疫吸附等新技术的出现，对一些危重患者的原发病也有很好的治疗效果。但是目前还存在抗凝剂选择、容量控制等需要进一步研究的问题。     

Unfermented grape juice reduce genomic damage on patients undergoing hemodialysis

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in dialysis (HD) are considered to be submitted to a continuous oxidative stress. This stress can cause damage on DNA and, consequently, contribute to the high levels of DNA damage observed in these patients. Due to the well-known role of polyphenols as antioxidant agents we proposed its use to reduce the levels of genotoxicity present in HD-CKD patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antigenotoxic effects of unfermented grape juice (UGJ) on HD-CKD patients. The levels of DNA damage were analyzed using different biomarkers, such as breaks and oxidized DNA bases by the comet assay, chromosome damage by the micronucleus test. In addition, TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) was also evaluated. Thirty-nine patients were followed for six months, of whom 25 were supplemented by UGJ and 14 were not supplemented. The obtained results showed a significant decrease in the underlying levels of oxidative DNA damage, in the supplemented group. Regarding the clinical parameters, LDL and cholesterol, were significantly reduced in the patients studied after the supplementation period, although cholesterol was also decreased in the non-supplemented patients. In conclusion, in our studied group the supplementation with UGJ reduced the levels of oxidative DNA damage of HD-CKD patients.     

Effect of cryotherapy on arteriovenous fistula puncture-related pain in hemodialysis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and purposePatients undergoing continuous hemodialysis experience the arteriovenous fistula puncture-related pain approximately 300 times per year. Pain management is important priorities in painful procedures. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted to determine the effect of cryotherapy on arteriovenous fistula puncture-related pain in hemodialysis patients.MethodsThis systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted by searching the related article with using the keywords including Cryotherapy, Ice, Punctures, Catheterization, Pain, and Fistula (using AND & OR operators) through Iranian (including SID, and Magiran) and international databases (including Embase, Web of Science, Medline via PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest). Interventional studies in English or Persian languages were included in the study without time limitation. Finally, after excluding duplicates, screening based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and quality assessment (based on the JADAD standard checklist), 8 studies entered the systematic review process (Qualitative Synthesis) and 6 studies entered the meta-analysis process (Quantitative Synthesis).ResultsBased on the results of the review, the included studies were conducted between 2008–2017. The total number of participants in all studies obtained through systematic review (8 studies) was 422 with an age of 16 years old and above. The review of studies showed a positive effect of cryotherapy on reducing the arteriovenous fistula puncture-related pain in hemodialysis patients.ConclusionRegarding the positive effect of cryotherapy on arteriovenous fistula puncture-related pain, cryotherapy as a low-risk and uncomplicated procedure seems to be effective and useful in reducing pain and ultimately reducing its unpleasant psychological and physical side effects.