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1.
目的检索并总结妇科恶性肿瘤下肢淋巴水肿患者的运动方案相关证据,为医护人员制订和规范下肢淋巴水肿的治疗和管理措施提供借鉴和参考。方法使用PIPOST工具明确循证问题,设置检索策略以及纳入和排除标准,系统检索国内外常见数据库中涉及妇科恶性肿瘤相关下肢淋巴水肿运动方面的指南、专家共识、系统评价、原始研究等证据,检索时间为建库至2021年3月31日,由2名经过循证护理系统培训的人员独立完成对文献的质量评价。结果共纳入16篇文献,其中5篇系统评价,4篇指南,4篇原始研究,3篇专家共识。从禁忌人群、运动评估、运动方案、运动强度、注意事项及健康宣教共6个方面汇总24条证据。结论汇总并分析了妇科恶性肿瘤下肢淋巴水肿患者运动方案的最佳证据,提供了具体建议,为规范运用和实践妇科恶性肿瘤相关下肢淋巴水肿患者的运动方案提供可靠的循证证据支持和参考意见,从而降低患者淋巴水肿的程度,提高其生活质量。  相似文献   
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Backgroundand purpose: Exercise has not typically been used as an adjunct in treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN). This study aimed to examine the effects of progressive resistance exercise (PREx) on perceived quality of life (QoL) and body composition in adolescents with AN.Materials and methodsForty-four adolescents diagnosed with AN were randomly allocated to either PREx or control groups after hospitalization. The PREx group completed twenty-four PREx sessions over two months including three sets of 8–10 repetitions of eight whole-body exercises at a moderate intensity. QoL and body composition were evaluated at baseline and after two months using Health Questionnaire Short-Form 36 (SF-36) and anthropometric measurements.ResultsAt completion, forty-one participants (n = 19 PREx, and n = 22 controls) with mean age of 12.78 ± 0.88 years and mean body mass index of 18 ± 2.2 kg/m2 were analyzed. Significant group x time effects were found on SF-36 role physical (RP) scores. Significant improvements with large effect sizes (d > 0.72) were found in RP, and arm circumferences in the PREx group. Spearman association analyses between percent change in anthropometric variables and change in QoL scores showed positive associations with moderate-to-large effect sizes in the PREx group among the following variables: mid-thigh-circumference, physical functioning (PF) and general health (GH); calf-circumference relaxed and body pain; biceps skinfold and GH scores; triceps-skinfold, and role physical (RP) and vitality (VT); supraspinale-skinfold and RP and VT; mid-thigh-skinfold and calf-skinfold and VT.ConclusionPREx after hospitalization enables modest positive changes in QoL associated to anthropometric changes in adolescents with AN without adverse effects on weight recovery.  相似文献   
3.
目的 通过网状Meta分析评价11种运动训练对老年肌少症患者身体功能、肌肉力量和肌肉质量改善效果的影响。 方法 检索Web of Science、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、CINAHL、中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据库和维普数据库中关于运动训练对老年肌少症患者身体功能、肌肉力量和肌肉质量改善效果的随机对照试验。检索时限为建库至2022年1月。采用Stata 15.0软件进行网状Meta分析。 结果 纳入34项研究,共2 199例患者。网状Meta分析结果表明,与非运动对照组相比,阻力训练、小组综合训练、八段锦、全身振动训练、家庭综合训练可改善老年肌少症患者的身体功能(P<0.05);阻力训练和壶铃训练可改善老年肌少症患者的握力(P<0.05);阻力训练可改善老年肌少症患者的骨骼肌指数(P<0.05)。 结论 在改善老年肌少症患者身体功能、肌肉力量和质量方面,阻力训练是目前最优的运动干预措施,其次为小组综合训练和全身振动训练,但仍需更多研究进一步论证。  相似文献   
4.
PurposeThis systematic review and meta-analysis aims to investigate the cognitive benefits of breaking up prolonged sitting by acute physical exercises.MethodsWe developed a search protocol based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis checklist (PROSPERO, CRD42021224949). A systematic literature search was performed in six electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Library) to identify randomized controlled trials with a within-subjects cross-over and a pre-posttest design that examined the effects of physical exercise breaks during 3–5 h of prolonged sitting on cognitive performance (e.g., executive function, attention, and memory function). Additionally, study quality was rated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale.ResultsThirteen randomized controlled trials with a total of 295 participants (171 female and 124 male) were included in this systematic review. Of these studies, nine were included in our meta-analysis. The results indicated that during prolonged sitting, acute physical exercise breaks did not affect overall cognitive performance, with small between-study heterogeneity (I2<25%). This is further supported by the subgroup analyses showing no differences in effect sizes between cognitive domains and different exercise intensities.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the current evidence on interrupting prolonged sitting by acute physical exercise breaks is not univocal and that some heterogeneity exists concerning the exercise protocols exists (e.g., exercise intensity, frequency of the acute physical exercise breaks). Thus, future studies are needed to investigate whether the effectiveness of acute physical exercise breaks on cognitive performance might change as a function of different mediators (e.g., exercise characteristics, age, sleep patterns). In summary, acute physical exercise breaks during prolonged sitting allow the integration of regular physical activity in daily routines (i.e., through acute physical exercise breaks) without compromising the performance of cognitively demanding tasks.  相似文献   
5.
Frailty is a complex condition that emerges from dysregulation in multiple physiological systems. Increasing evidence suggests the potential role of age-related energy dysregulation as a key driver of frailty. Exercise is considered the most efficacious intervention to prevent and even ameliorate frailty as it up-tunes and improves the function of several related systems. However, the mechanisms and molecules responsible for these intersystem benefits are not fully understood. The skeletal muscle is considered a secretory organ with endocrine functions that can produce and secrete exercise-related molecules such as myokines. These molecules are cytokines and other peptides released by muscle fibers in response to acute and/or chronic exercise. The available evidence supports that several myokines can elicit autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine effects, partly mediating inter-organ crosstalk and also having a critical role in improving cardiovascular, metabolic, immune, and neurological health. This review describes the current evidence about the potential link between energy metabolism dysregulation and frailty and provides a theoretical framework for the potential role of myokines (via exercise) in counteracting frailty. It also summarizes the physiological role of selected myokines and their response to different acute and chronic exercise protocols in older adults.  相似文献   
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ObjectiveThis study aimed to 1) understand factors impacting the implementation of exercise communication and referral, and 2) explore integrated clinical approaches to exercise communication and referral in cancer care.MethodsSeven focus groups (N = 53) were conducted with clinicians and exercise professionals throughout Sydney, Australia. A sub-sample of participants (n = 9) attended a half-day workshop to identifying best practice approaches for moving forward. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis.ResultsTwo themes emerged: 1) Factors impacting the knowledge-to-action gap, inclusive of limited exercise specific knowledge and training opportunities, funding structure, and current referral process, and 2) Recommendations for a consistent and efficient way forward, detailing the need for oncologist-initiated communication, distribution of cancer-exercise resources, and access to exercise professionals with cancer expertise.ConclusionsThis study identified factors (e.g., cancer-exercise specific training, integration of exercise physiologists) influencing exercise counselling and referral. A potential implementation-referral approach accounting for these factors and how to incorporate exercise into a standard model of cancer care, is described. Future testing is required to determine feasibility and practicality of these approaches.Practical ImplicationsA pragmatic model is provided to guide implementation-referral, inclusive of oncologist-initiated communication exchange, relevant resources, and access to exercise professionals with cancer expertise.  相似文献   
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Recently, sedentary behavior recommendations have been included in the public health guidelines of multiple countries, pointing to new opportunities for prevention of chronic disease as well as a potential strategy for initiating long-term behavior change.ObjectiveTo propose an evidence-informed approach to physical activity counseling that starts with a focus on reducing sedentary time.MethodsWe put forward a case for addressing changes in sedentary behavior in clinical practice using a narrative review. We also propose a new approach for the assessment and counselling of patients with respect to movement behaviors.ResultsThere is evidence to support a stepwise approach to physical activity counseling that starts with targeting sedentary behavior, particularly in those who are highly sedentary, or those who have chronic disease, or physical impairments.ConclusionsOur approach encourages clinicians to consider sedentary behavior counseling as a critical first step to physical activity counseling. For many patients, this initial step of reducing sedentary behavior could build a pathway to an active lifestyle.Practical ImplicationsA shift from long periods of sedentary time to daily routines incorporating more light intensity physical activity could result in meaningful health improvements. Importantly, this approach may be more feasible for highly inactive patients.  相似文献   
10.
运动早已被研究证实可有效预防或治疗抑郁症,并已成为许多研究者推荐的抑郁症干预方法,但缺乏对既往有关抑郁症的运动干预方法的研究成果的有效整合,且目前各国仍缺乏统一的临床运动疗法指南。本文系统、全面地探讨了运动对抑郁症的影响,包括运动类型、强度、频率和运动量等因素对不同人群抑郁症的干预效果,并通过梳理相关文献,总结了抑郁症的发生及运动抗抑郁的神经生物学机制。本文表明在抑郁症的运动干预中,有氧运动是最常选用的运动类型,运动强度通常为中等强度到高强度,高频率和高剂量是推荐采用的运动频率和运动量;运动抗抑郁的神经生物学机制主要为其可以改善中枢神经系统组织的形态结构、提高一系列神经营养因子的水平,从而增强神经元可塑性并改善神经分泌系统功能,减少神经炎性反应和氧化性应激对脑组织造成的损伤。本文能够为我国抑郁症临床运动处方的制订和实施提供一定的参考,并为运动抗抑郁研究的深入开展提供借鉴。  相似文献   
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