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1.
目的 探讨壮族居民生命早期饥荒经历与成年后中心型肥胖的关系。方法 将1 279名在1959—1961年经历饥荒的研究对象分为未经历组(1963年之后出生)、胎儿期经历组(1959—1962年出生)、儿童期经历组(1949—1958年出生)、青春期经历组(1941—1948年出生),采用二分类logistic回归模型评估壮族居民生命早期饥荒暴露与成年后中心型肥胖的关系。结果 壮族居民成年后中心型肥胖的发生率为30.88%。与未经历暴露人群相比,胎儿期暴露(OR=3.527,95%CI:1.877~6.627)和儿童期暴露(OR=2.863,95%CI:1.3297~6.167)的壮族居民成年后中心型肥胖的风险较高。结论 壮族居民生命早期经历饥荒是成年后中心型肥胖的危险因素。经历饥荒的广西壮族居民,应关注中心型肥胖发生情况,预防其他相关慢性病。  相似文献   
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IntroductionIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is progressive and irreversible. Some discrepancies about IPF staging exists, especially in mild phases. Forced vital capacity (FVC) higher than 80% has been considered early or mild IPF even for the design of clinical trials.MethodsSpanish multicentre, observational, retrospective study of IPF patients diagnosed between 2012 and 2016, based on the ATS/ERS criteria, which presented FVC greater or equal 80% at diagnosis. Clinical and demographic characteristics, lung function, radiological pattern, treatment, and follow-up were analyzed.Results225 IPF patients were included, 72.9% were men. The mean age was 69.5 years. The predominant high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) pattern was consistent usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) (51.6%). 84.7% of patients presented respiratory symptoms (exertional dyspnea and/or cough) and 33.33% showed oxygen desaturation below 90% in the 6 min walking test (6MWT). Anti-fibrotic treatment was initiated at diagnosis in 55.11% of patients. Median FVC was 89.6% (IQR 17) and 58.7% of patients had a decrease of diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) below 60% of theoretical value; most of them presented functional progression (61.4%) and higher mortality at 3 years (20.45%). A statistically significant correlation with the 3-years mortality was observed between DLCO <60% and consistent UIP radiological pattern.ConclusionsPatients with preserved FVC but presenting UIP radiological pattern and moderate–severe DLCO decrease at diagnosis associate an increased risk of progression, death or lung transplantation. Therefore, in these cases, preserved FVC would not be representative of early or mild IPF.  相似文献   
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IntroductionLung cancer (LC) is usually diagnosed at advanced stages with only a 12% 5-year survival. Trials as NLST and NELSON show a mortality decrease, which justifies implementation of lung cancer screening in risk population. Our objective was to show survival results of the largest LC screening program in Spain with low dosage computed tomography (LDCT).MethodsClinical records from International Early Lung Cancer Detection Program (IELCAP) at Valencia, Spain were analysed. This program recruited volunteers, ever-smokers aged 40-80 years, since 2008. Results are compared to those from other similar sizeable programs.ResultsA total of 8278 participants were screened with at least two-rounds until November 2020. A mean of 6 annual screening rounds were performed. We detected 239 tumours along 12-year follow-up. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histology, being 61.3% at stage I. The lung cancer prevalence and incidence proportion was 1.5% and 1.4%, respectively with an annual detection rate of 0.17. One-year survival and 10-year survival were 90% and 80.1%, respectively. Adherence was 96.84%.ConclusionLargest lung cancer screening in Spain shows that survival is improved when is performed in multidisciplinary team experienced in management of LC, and is comparable to similar screening programs.  相似文献   
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目的调查ICU医护人员对患者早期活动的态度与信念状况,分析其主要影响因素。方法采用方便抽样法选取大连市5家三甲医院ICU的336例医护人员作为研究对象,采用ICU医护人员对患者早期活动信念与态度量表和自行编制的一般资料调查表对其开展调查。结果本研究发放并回收调查问卷361份,其中有效问卷336份,有效回收率为93.07%。ICU医护人员的信念量表总分均值为(3.62±0.48)分,态度量表总分均值为(4.87±1.30)分。多因素分析显示,文化程度、所属关系及日工作时间是ICU医护人员对患者早期活动信念的独立影响因素(△R2=0.13,F=4.19,P=0.04);文化程度、所属关系、日工作时间、性别和职务是ICU医护人员对患者早期活动态度的独立影响因素是(△R2=0.15,F=4.38,P=0.04)。结论ICU医护人员对患者早期活动信念水平不够高,对患者早期活动的态度不够积极。建议医疗卫生部门在开展ICU患者早期活动前可加强相关的人员配置,协调好ICU医护人员工作时长,也要加强医护人员的相关知识培训,以提高医护人员对患者早期活动的信念和态度。  相似文献   
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目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对急性胸腹部创伤的诊断价值。方法80例急性胸腹部创伤患者,均行X线平片诊断和MSCT诊断。观察比较两种诊断方法的诊断结果和影像质量,分析急性胸腹部创伤的CT表现。结果MSCT诊断符合率为100.00%(80/80),高于X线平片诊断的75.00%(60/80),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MSCT的成像质量优于X线平片,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论MSCT在急性胸腹部创伤诊断中的应用效果显著,能有效提高诊断图像质量,具有临床应用价值。  相似文献   
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Screening with low-dose computed tomography of high-risk individuals with a smoking history reduces lung cancer mortality. Current screening guidelines and eligibility criteria can miss more than 50% of lung cancers, and in some geographic areas, such as East Asia, a large proportion of the missed lung cancers are in never-smokers. Although randomized trials revealed the benefits of screening for people who smoke, these trials generally excluded never-smokers. Thus, the feasibility and effectiveness of lung cancer screening of individuals who never smoked are uncertain. Several known and suspected risk factors for lung cancers in never-smokers such as exposure to secondhand smoke, occupational carcinogens, radon, air pollution, and pulmonary diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and interstitial lung diseases, and intrinsic factors, such as age, are well noted. In this regard, knowledge of risk factors may make possible quantification and prediction of lung cancer risk in never smokers. It is worth considering if and how never smokers could be included in population-based screening programs. As the implementation of these programs is challenging in many countries owing to multiple factors and the epidemiologic differences by global regions, these issues will need to be evaluated in each country taking into account various factors, including accuracy of risk assessment and cost-effectiveness of screening in never smokers. This report aims to outline current knowledge on risk factors for lung cancer in never smokers to propose research strategies for this topic and initiate a broader discussion on lung cancer screening of never smokers. Similar considerations can be made in current and ex-smokers, which do not fulfill the current screening inclusion criteria, but otherwise are at increased risk. Although screening of never smokers may in the future be effectively conducted, current evidence to support widespread implementation of this practice is lacking.  相似文献   
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IntroductionThis study was designed to assess whether a dental caries management protocol combining a single application of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) with comprehensive oral health education will successfully divert high-risk children from dental treatment under dental general anaesthesia (DGA), arrest active caries in primary teeth, and improve parent-reported child oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL).MethodsChildren aged 2 to 10 years, who attended two public dental agencies in Victoria, Australia, and were unable to tolerate restorative treatments in the clinic setting, elected to participate in either a 38% SDF intervention protocol or, alternatively, referral for DGA. Follow-up examinations were completed at 6 months to assess caries progression, decayed missing filled tooth index, PUFA index (pulpal involvement, ulceration, fistula, abscess), DGA referral rates, and OHRQoL (Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale [ECOHIS]).ResultsOf the total sample, 89.5% of children (n = 102) [mean (SD) age, 4.1 (1.0) years] with 401 active carious lesions elected to participate in the 38% SDF protocol; 10.5% (n = 12) of parents opted for referral for treatment under DGA. The proportion of active caries subsequently arrested at follow-up (number of arrested lesions/number of lesions treated) was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.69 to 0.87). There was an 88% reduction in referrals for DGA in eligible children over the 6-month period. The 38% SDF intervention group showed a significant improvement in ECOHIS scores at follow-up (P < .001).DiscussionAdoption of the 38% SDF intervention protocol resulted in a significant reduction in the rate of preventable dental hospitalisations. Most parents opted against referral for DGA. Parent-reported OHRQoL for children improved significantly.  相似文献   
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牙外伤是口腔急诊常见的病症之一,及时准确的牙髓活力判断是正确治疗以利维持美学与功能的重要前提条件。文章通过对牙髓活力的生物学基础、牙髓活力测验方法及评价、外伤牙髓受损类型和牙髓活力特点分析,在国际牙外伤临床治疗指南的方向指导下,结合案例和经验,概括外伤牙活力与实施临床治疗方案的关系,为提高牙外伤的临床诊治思维、科学精准和个性化治疗设计提供支持,具有重要的应用价值。  相似文献   
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