Particularidades del abordaje transcanal endoscópico de los tumores benignos de oído medio en adultos

Background and objectiveMinimally invasive surgery of benign middle ear tumours is possible by using the endoscope. The optimal lighting and the broadest vision it offers, allow a transcanal approach to these rare tumours. The objective of this work is to summarize its key points through a case series.Materials and methodsRetrospective study of benign middle ear tumours that underwent exclusive endoscopic surgery in a third-level adult university hospital between June 2018 and June 2020. Postoperative follow-up was performed by otoendoscopy and audiometry.ResultsSix patients underwent surgery during the study period. Five patients were female and one male, with an average age of 57.8 years (± 21.9). Four tumours were in the left ear and 2 in the right ear. These included 4 tympanic paragangliomas (3 type I and one type II), a chorda tympani neuroma, and a congenital cholesteatoma. There were no serious postoperative complications. At present, no tumour recurrence has been found in either case, with a minimum follow-up of 7 months.ConclusionsThe present study adds evidence on the safety and efficacy of endoscopic transcanal ear surgery, as a minimally invasive technique, for the treatment of benign middle ear tumours confined to the tympanic cavity.     

生姜炮制成干姜前后挥发油透皮吸收促进作用的比较研究

目的 比较生姜炮制成干姜前后挥发油透皮吸收促进作用及成分的变化。方法 将生姜炮制成干姜前后提取挥发油，皮肤电阻动力学实验和体外布洛芬透皮实验比较二者的促渗能力，ATR-FTIR红外分析挥发油透皮促渗主要机制，皮肤细胞毒性实验比较了生姜和干姜挥发油的细胞毒性，GC-MS分析成分变化。结果 干姜挥发油的透皮吸收促进作用显著优于生姜挥发油，其透皮促渗机制主要为对皮肤角质层脂质的萃取，而生姜和干姜挥发油的皮肤细胞毒性均显著低于化学促渗剂氮酮，炮制后干姜挥发油的倍半萜类成分比例高于生姜挥发油，透皮后干姜挥发油组皮内的倍半萜类成分比例也高于生姜挥发油组。结论 炮制后的干姜挥发油的透皮吸收作用优于生姜挥发油，验证了中药挥发油透皮吸收促进剂存在"热者易效"的规律。     

改良Miccoli腔镜辅助下手术和经乳晕入路单孔法内镜下治疗甲状腺良性肿瘤效果观察

目的探讨改良Miccoli腔镜辅助下手术和经乳晕入路单孔法内镜下治疗甲状腺良性肿瘤的效果。方法对2015年8月～2017年3月我院60例甲状腺良性肿瘤患者进行筛选,依据患者意愿及要求选择手术治疗方式,对改良Miccoli组(30例)与经乳晕单孔组(30例)围术期机体创伤指标、手术指标、术后切口美容效果、术后疼痛指标等展开对比。结果两组创伤相关指标在术前均无差异(P0.05),术后WBC、TSH测验水平均上升,血钙、PTH测验水平下降,且改良Miccoli组波动幅度相较经乳晕单孔组更为轻微,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。改良Miccoli组手术切口大小、术中出血量、术后引流总量、手术时间、住院时间指标统计均较经乳晕单孔组显著下降(P0.05),住院费用远高于经乳晕单孔组(P0.05)。改良Miccoli组患者颈部活动恢复时间相较经乳晕单孔组明显缩短,术后6 h、12 h及24 h疼痛值低于经乳晕单孔组(P0.05)。对术后1周、1个月及1年切口的美容效果比较,改良Miccoli组均较经乳晕单孔组评分高(P0.05)。改良Miccoli组并发症总发生率(10%)低于经乳晕单孔组(20%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);总满意度(93.33%)高于经乳晕单孔组(86.67%),但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对甲状腺良性肿瘤患者予以改良Miccoli腔镜辅助手术及经乳晕入路单孔法内镜治疗,均可取得满意效果,但相对而言,前者对患者机体所造成的创伤应激更小,但费用更高,且后者手术切口位于隐秘部位,颈部无创,故临床在选择术式可充分考虑患者意愿,取更适宜术式。     

Tolerability and Efficacy of Customized IncobotulinumtoxinA Injections for Essential Tremor: A Randomized,Double-Blind,Placebo-Controlled Study

In this first, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled exploratory trial, we evaluate the efficacy and safety of incobotulinumtoxinA and feasibility of using kinematic tremor assessment to aid in the planning of muscle selection in a multicenter setting. Reproducibility of the planning technology to other clinical sites was explored. In this trial ({"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT02207946","term_id":"NCT02207946"}}NCT02207946), patients with upper-limb essential tremor (ET) were randomized 2:1 to a single treatment cycle of incobotulinumtoxinA or placebo. A tremor kinematic analytics investigational device was used to define a customized muscle set for injection, related to the pattern of the wrist, forearm, elbow, and shoulder tremor for each patient, and the incobotulinumtoxinA dose per muscle (total ≤ 200 U). Fahn–Tolosa–Marin (FTM) Part B motor performance score, Global Impression of Change Scale (GICS), and kinematic analysis-based efficacy evaluations were assessed. Thirty patients were randomized (incobotulinumtoxinA, n = 19; placebo, n = 11). FTM motor performance scores showed greater improvement with incobotulinumtoxinA versus placebo at Week 4 (p = 0.003) and Week 8 (p = 0.031). The physician-rated GICS score indicated improvement with incobotulinumtoxinA versus placebo at Week 4 (p < 0.05). IncobotulinumtoxinA also decreased accelerometric hand-tremor amplitude versus placebo from baseline to Week 4 (p = 0.004) and Week 8 (p < 0.001), with persistent tremor reduction up to 24 weeks post-injection. IncobotulinumtoxinA produced a slight and transient reduction of maximal grip strength versus placebo; two patients reported localized finger muscle weakness. Customized incobotulinumtoxinA injections decreased tremor severity and improved hand motor function in patients with upper-limb ET after a single injection cycle, with a favorable tolerability profile. The study showed that tremor kinematic analytics technology could be successfully scaled for use in other clinical sites.     

机器人辅助经尿道前列腺水消融术的临床应用进展

随着前列腺增生微创治疗的不断发展,机器人系统也被广泛引入其治疗当中,相比于机器人腹腔镜手术来说,本文着重介绍近年新出现的辅助水消融的自动化机器人系统。该系统经尿道的入路方式比传统腹腔镜机器人手术损伤更小,而且其处理系统相对简单,便于新手操作,从而降低了学习曲线,减少了手术时间和相关并发症。本文通过综述国外研究经验,为国内引入此技术提供参考借鉴。     

艳山姜挥发油通过调控巨噬细胞CD36和ABCA1表达抑制泡沫细胞的形成

目的:观察艳山姜挥发油对氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)诱导巨噬细胞转化为泡沫细胞的抑制作用,并探索其机制。方法:使用佛波酯(PMA,100μg·L^-1)诱导人白血病单核细胞(THP-1)24 h后形成巨噬细胞,实验分为4组,分别为空白组(无血清RPMI 1640),模型组(80 mg·L^-1ox-LDL),艳山姜挥发油低剂量组(80 mg·L^-1ox-LDL+4μg·L^-1艳山姜挥发油),艳山姜挥发油高剂量组(80 g·L^-1ox-LDL+20μg·L^-1艳山姜挥发油)。噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测艳山姜挥发油对巨噬细胞的活性的影响,蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测巨噬细胞中白细胞分化抗原36(CD36)和三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1(ABCA1)的表达,酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测巨噬细胞内胆固醇酯含量,油红O染色法检测巨噬细胞中脂质小滴的含量。结果:艳山姜挥发油对巨噬细胞无毒性。与空白组比较,模型组的巨噬细胞内脂滴和胆固醇酯的含量显著增加(P<0.01),CD36蛋白表达显著上升(P<0.01),ABCA1蛋白表达无显著变化;与模型组比较,艳山姜挥发油显著抑制巨噬细胞中脂滴和胆固醇酯的含量(P<0.01),下调CD36的蛋白表达(P<0.01),上调ABCA1蛋白的表达(P<0.01),艳山姜挥发油可抑制巨噬细胞向泡沫细胞的转化。结论:艳山姜挥发油对ox-LDL诱导的巨噬细胞向泡沫细胞的形成具有抑制作用,该药理作用与艳山姜挥发油下调巨噬细胞CD36和上调ABCA1蛋白的表达有关。     

Resultados preliminares de un trabajo multicéntrico a nivel nacional para el tratamiento de STUI secundario a hiperplasia benigna de próstata mediante el sistema con vapor de agua Rezūm®

Introduction and objectiveRezūm® system is a minimally invasive transurethral therapy that uses convective water vapor energy to ablate prostatic tissue. The objective is to report 1-year functional and security outcomes obtained by using this technique in real clinical practice.Material and methodsProspective study conducted in 5 Spanish hospitals for the treatment of LUTS secondary to BPH using the Rezūm® system. Patients with prostatic medium lobe (ML) and urethral catheter carriers were also included. Pre- and post-operative data were collected using IPSS, IIEF-5 and QoL questionnaires, flowmetry and post-void residual volume. Complications and retreatment rate at one-year follow-up were also reported.Results137 patients, including 64 with ML and 10 patients with urinary retention were treated. Median prostate volume was 50 cm³ (15-131). At 3 months follow-up, significant improvement was observed in IPSS (?6,37 points), Qmax (+4,95 mL/s) and QoL (?1,29); and was maintained until 12 months: ?10,78 points, +4,62 mL/s and ?2,73 respectively (p < 0.001). No significant changes were observed in the sexual sphere. All complications were mild (≤ Clavien II). Retreatment rate at one year was 4%.ConclusionShort-term results of this technique are promising, showing improvement in terms of functional outcomes, with no impact on the sexual sphere or complications. Longer term follow-up should include treatment durability and comparison to standard BPH treatments.