复苏室患儿苏醒期探视信念和态度量表的初步构建及信效度评价

目的 构建护士对麻醉复苏室(post-anesthesia care unit,PACU)患儿苏醒期家属探视信念和态度的量表并评价其信效度。方法 通过回顾相关文献、专家咨询等方法构建护士对PACU患儿苏醒期家属探视信念和态度的量表暂定版,采用暂定版对460名PACU护理人员进行调查并检验其信效度。结果 修订的PACU患儿苏醒期家属探视信念和态度量表包含20个条目,其中信念维度3个因子,17个条目;态度维度1个因子,3个条目。总量表的Cronbach′s α系数为0.924,重测信度为0.898,内容效度为0.892。探索性因子分析提取信念维度3个因子的累积方差贡献率62.423%,各维度之间的相关系数为0.53～0.65,各维度与量表总分之间的相关系数为0.73～0.91,验证性的因子分析证实PACU患儿苏醒期家属探视信念和量表各项适配指数均达标。结论 PACU患儿苏醒期家属探视信念和态度量表有较好的信效度,可用作PACU护士对患儿苏醒期家属开放性探视信念和态度测评工具的参考。     

Knowledge and attitude towards antibiotic use within consumers in Alkharj,Saudi Arabia

Background

The World Health Organization (WHO) has made the problem of solving antibiotic resistance one of its priorities. The present study was designed to determine knowledge and attitude towards antibiotic use in Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.

Development and validation of the incontinence associated dermatitis knowledge,attitude and practice questionnaire

AimThis study aimed to develop and test the validity and reliability of the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Incontinence-associated Dermatitis Questionnaire (KAP-IAD-Q) for Nurses.MethodsA psychometric validation design was employed. Phase I of the study entailed the development of items through an extensive literature review and a double Delphi procedure with 11 experts specialised in wound, ostomy and continence to examine content validity of the KAP-IAD-Q. Phase II involved administering the KAP-IAD-Q to a convenience sample of 263 Registered Nurses from a public hospital in Singapore to evaluate its construct validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability.ResultsThe instrument showed acceptable content validity (S-CVI = 0.85). Exploratory factor analysis showed all 22 items demonstrated strong factor loadings >0.4 and the four factors KAP-IAD-Q explained 58.1% of total variance. The four factors were☹1) knowledge om IAD aetiology and identification, (2) knowledge on IAD risk factors; (3) attitudes, and (4) practices. The overall internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach's α = 0.913). The KAP-IAD-Q showed good overall test-retest reliability as well (ICC = 0.89 (95% CI 0.69–0.96, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe KAP-IAD-Q demonstrated good psychometric properties and is effective in measuring levels of IAD-related KAP among nurses. Further confirmation of the proposed factor structure is recommended. Future research should explore determinants of nurses’ KAP and associations between IAD knowledge, attitudes and practices.     

End-user acceptability study of the nanopatch™; a microarray patch (MAP) for child immunization in low and middle-income countries

A promising new delivery technology, the microarray patch (MAPs) consists of an array of small solid-coated or dissolvable needles, up to one mm in length, that administers a dry formulation of a vaccine or pharmaceutical. This study is not a real-life evaluation study but determines the anticipated acceptability of the Nanopatch™, a solid microarray patch device, in Benin, Nepal and Vietnam for vaccine delivery, and identifies factors that could improve the acceptability of the technology to increase measles immunization coverage.This study combined several evaluation methods, including simulation of vaccine administration on children and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, healthcare workers, community health volunteers, caretakers, and community representatives.A total of 314 people participated in the study. The overall rate of total acceptability of the patch for child immunization was 92.7%. General opinions were very positive, providing clinical studies confirm that MAP administration is demonstrated to be painless, safe and effective for infectious disease prevention. The study participants were asked to consider the best strategy to introduce such vaccine delivery innovation. Firstly, delivery by skilled healthcare workers at the healthcare facilities will be preferred to establish the technology. Following this, administration by selected volunteers and outreach delivery may be possible, though under the supervision of skilled healthcare workers.This study’s protocol received approval from the World Health Organization (WHO) Ethical Research Committee (ERC0002813) and the national IRB in Benin, Nepal and Vietnam.     

Coping with cancer: A qualitative study of adolescent and young adult perspectives

ObjectivesCancer can have long-term biopsychological impacts for young people that persist for years. To promote adjustment, it is essential to understand how young people cope, yet this is relatively understudied.MethodsThis study explored the coping strategies using semi-structured interviews with 16 young people with cancer aged 15–24 years. Eligible participants were diagnosed within the previous 24 months and recruited through Australian Youth Cancer Services. Transcribed interviews were analysed using content analysis.ResultsCoping strategies included: seeking support; controlling the focus; avoiding negatives and staying positive; meaning making and; changes with time. During treatment, seeking support, focussing on the present, distraction and avoidance were commonly applied. Following treatment, planning for the future, avoidance of re-traumatising situations and meaning making were used.ConclusionFindings support the concept of coping as a dynamic process where different strategies are used depending on the stressor, available resources and previous experiences.Practice ImplicationsComprehensive, developmentally appropriate psychosocial assessments, open communication, education and information provision, as well as appropriate referral for support are essential, particularly for young cancer survivors identified at risk.     

The effects of education levels of developmental care in Australia: Perceptions and challenges

BackgroundDevelopmental care consists of a range of clinical, infant-focused, and family-focused interventions designed to modify the neonatal intensive care environment and caregiving practices to reduce stressors on the developing brain. Since the inception of developmental care in the early 1980s, it has been recommended and adopted globally as a component of routine practice for neonatal care. Despite its application for almost 40 y, little is known of the attitude of neonatal nurses in Australia towards the intervention.Aims and objectivesThe objective of this study was to establish Australian neonatal nurse perceptions of developmental care and explore associations between developmental care education levels of the nurses and personal beliefs in the application of developmental care.DesignThis involves a cross-sectional survey design.MethodsAn online questionnaire was completed by 171 neonatal nurses. Participants were members of the Australian College of Neonatal Nursing (n = 783). Covariate associations between key components of developmental care and respondents' geographical location, place of employment, professional qualifications, and developmental care education level were analysed. The reporting of this study is in accordance with the Enhancing the Quality and Transparency of Health Research Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys.ResultsDifferences were observed between groups for geographical location, place of employment, and professional qualification level. Rural nurses were less likely to support the provision of skin-to-skin care (odds ratio [OR]: 0.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.2–1.8) than nurses in a metropolitsan unit. Nurses working in a neonatal intensive care unit and nurses with postgraduate qualifications were more likely to support parental involvement in care ([OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 0.9–6.2] and [OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 0.6–7.4], respectively). Rural respondents were more likely to have attended off-site education (OR: 3.6, 95% CI: 1.3–9.9) than metropolitan respondents.ConclusionThe application of developmental care in Australia may be influenced by inadequate resources and inequitable access to educational resources, and similar challenges have been reported in other countries. Overcoming the challenges requires a focused education strategy and support within and beyond the neonatal intensive care unit.