Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety in Pediatric Epilepsy Patients

Summary: Purpose: We assessed rates of symptoms of anxiety and depression among pediatric patients with epilepsy.
Methods: We administered the Revised Child Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS), and Child Depression Inventory (CDI) to 44 epilepsy patients aged 7–18 years (mean age 12.4 years). Demographic, socioeconomic, and epilepsy-related information was examined in relation to depression and anxiety scores.
Results: No patients had been previously identified to have depression or anxiety. However, 26% had significantly increased depression scores and 16% met critieria for significant anxiety symptomatology.
Conclusions: Symptoms of depression and anxiety are common among pediatric patients with epilepsy and appear to be overlooked by care providers.  

A bidirectional relationship between anxiety and depression, and insomnia? A prospective study in the general population

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine whether there is a bidirectional relationship between, on one hand, anxiety and depression and, on the other hand, insomnia over the course of a year. METHODS: A randomly selected sample of 3000 participants from the general population filled out a baseline survey (N=1812) and a 1-year follow-up survey (N=1498) on anxiety, depression, and insomnia. RESULTS: On cross-sectional analyses, bivariate correlations showed that anxiety, depression, and insomnia were significantly intercorrelated (varphi=.31-.54). On prospective analyses, logistic regression analyses demonstrated that anxiety at baseline [odds ratio (OR)=4.27 (8% of variance)] and depression at baseline [OR=2.28 (2% of variance)] were related to new cases of insomnia on follow-up. Furthermore, insomnia at baseline was related to new episodes of high anxiety and high depression on follow-up [OR=2.30 (2% of variance) and OR=3.51 (4% of variance), respectively]. CONCLUSION: Evidence suggests that there is a bidirectional relationship between, on one hand, anxiety and depression and, on the other hand, insomnia. This suggests that anxiety, depression, and insomnia are intertwined over time, implying implications for theoretical conceptualizations and interventions.  

帕罗西汀治疗脑卒中后抑郁症疗效研究

目的探讨帕罗西汀对卒中后抑郁、焦虑患者日常生活能力和神经功能康复的影响。方法采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）对272例脑卒中患者进行抑郁、焦虑状态评定,其中患有卒中后抑郁合并焦虑的81例患者分别接受帕罗西汀治疗、帕罗西汀联合心理干预治疗以及不干预。采用斯堪的那维亚脑卒中量表（SSS）、Barthel指数（BI）、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评测治疗前后的疗效。结果急性脑卒中病人卒中后抑郁并焦虑患病率为2978%,抑郁与焦虑共病率为65.85%;治疗组I和治疗组ⅡHAMD、HAMA、SSS评分减少和BI评分增加与对照组比较均有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论卒中后抑郁、焦虑病人给予帕罗西汀治疗能提高患者神经功能康复程度和生活能力恢复。  

Depressive Symptomatology in a General Hospital Sample of Outpatients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Controlled Study

Summary: We compared temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) outpatients attending a general hospital with depressed psychiatric patients and normal control subjects to investigate depressive symptomatology. Both clinicianrated measures and self-report questionnaires were used. Rates of depressive and anxious symptomatology in TLE subjects were higher than those in a normal control sample, but TLE subjects did not differ significantly from controls on anxiety measures. The depressed psychiatric group scored higher than the TLE and control groups on both depression and anxiety measures. Rates of depressive symptomatology in the TLE group were lower than those reported in previous studies for persons attending specialist epilepsy clinics, but similar to the findings of one community study.  

理性情绪疗法治疗广泛性焦虑63例对照研究

目的观察理性情绪疗法在广泛性焦虑治疗中的效果。方法将63例广泛性焦虑患者随机分为2组,对照组31例单用帕罗西汀治疗,研究组32例采用理性情绪疗法合并帕罗西汀治疗。疾病严重程度及疗效采用汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评定,进行为期6周的治疗。随访1年。结果2组疗效比较2周前无显著差异,但4~6周有显著差异(P<0.05),随访1年有显著性差异(P<0.01)。研究组疗效明显优于对照组。结论帕罗西汀合并理性情绪疗法对广泛性焦虑的疗效比单纯用帕罗西汀更有效。  

抑郁与焦虑共病障碍临床研究

目的:调查抑郁与焦虑共病障碍的发生率,探讨其特点及预后.方法:对150例抑郁障碍患者用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)和临床疗效总评量表(CGI)评定,3个月后进行随访.结果:45.3%的抑郁障碍患者共病焦虑障碍,共病以广泛焦虑障碍与惊恐障碍为最多(分别为22.0%、13.3%);入组时及3个月末,共病组HAMD、HAMA、CGI及SDSS总分均显著高于抑郁组(P＜0.05),3个月末共病组HAMA减分率显著低于抑郁组(P＜0.05),HAMD减分率两组差异无显著性.结论:抑郁与焦虑共病障碍发生率高,具有抑郁及焦虑症状重、社会功能损害重,焦虑症状不易缓解等特征.  

围产期妇女焦虑、抑郁调查

目的:了解孕产妇分娩前后焦虑、抑郁症状的发生率及变化特点. 方法:应用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、爱丁堡产后抑郁量表(EPDS)和生活事件量表(LES),对49例孕妇在孕35～40周、分娩后1周、4周和12周进行评估. 结果:4个时点SAS的焦虑发生率分别为10.2%、12.2% 、10.2%和6.1%;EPDS的抑郁发生率为8.2%、12.2%、4.1%和8.2%;SDS 4个因子分在分娩后持续下降.大专及以上文化者某些量表评分显著低于大专以下文化者. 结论:孕产妇在孕晚期和分娩后都有一定比例的焦虑和抑郁症状.  

米氮平治疗广泛性焦虑对照研究

目的:比较米氮平与阿普唑仑治疗广泛性焦虑的临床疗效及不良反应。方法:采用随机分组的方法,对66例广泛性焦虑随机平分为米氮平组(33例)和阿普唑仑组(33例)。疗程6周。用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、Hamilton焦虑量表(HAMA)和治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定疗效和不良反应。结果:米氮平与阿普唑仑疗效相当,不良反应米氮平组较阿普唑仑组少而轻。结论:米氮平治疗广泛性焦虑安全、有效,且不良反应轻微。  

焦虑症的特质焦虑水平与心率变异性相关研究

目的：了解焦虑症患者的特质焦虑水平与心率变异性（HRV）这一指标相关性。方法：选取焦虑症患者50例，对其进行汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）、特质焦虑问卷（T-AI）心理评定，同时用24h动态心电图记录器，对患者进行HRV指标的测定，对其测定24h全部正常心动周期的标准差（SDNN）、正常相邻心动周期差值的均方的平方根（rMSSD）、每5min正常心动周期的标准差（SDANN）、相邻R-R间期差值超过50ins的心搏数占总心搏数的百分比（PNN50）、5min低频功率（LF）、5min高频功率（HF）、5min极低频功率（VLF）、低频和高频比值（LF／HF）8项指标分别与T-AI、HAMA分值进行分析。结果：焦虑症患者的特质焦虑分值与LF／HF具有显著相关性，但并未发现随着特质焦虑分值的增加，HRV频谱指标有差异性改变。结论：焦虑症患者的特质焦虑水平与自主神经功能不平衡性有关。