A Priori Subcell Limiting Approach for the FR/CPR Method on Unstructured Meshes

A priori subcell limiting approach is developed for high-order flux reconstruction/correction procedure via reconstruction (FR/CPR) methods on two-dimensional unstructured quadrilateral meshes. Firstly, a modified indicator based on modal energy coefficients is proposed to detect troubled cells, where discontinuities exist. Then, troubled cells are decomposed into nonuniform subcells and each subcell has one solution point. A second-order finite difference shock-capturing scheme based on nonuniform nonlinear weighted (NNW) interpolation is constructed to perform the calculation on troubled cells while smooth cells are calculated by the CPR method. Numerical investigations show that the proposed subcell limiting strategy on unstructured quadrilateral meshes is robust in shock-capturing.     

Bioimpedance as a measure of fluids in patients with septic shock. A prospective observational study

Background

Septic shock is often treated with aggressive fluid resuscitation leading to profound fluid overload. The assessment of fluid status relies on suboptimal measures making treatment difficult. Bioelectrical impedance analysis is an alternative but the validity is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis for fluid measures in patients with septic shock.

Methods

Single-center, prospective observational cohort study. We included adult ICU patients with septic shock. We evaluated the agreement between measures on the left and right side of the patient and measures 1 h apart by two bioelectrical impedance devices. Results are presented as Bland Altman plots with 95% Limits of Agreements (LoA) and as correlations between bioelectrical impedance analysis results and clinical markers of fluids.

Results

Forty-nine patients were included. The agreement between measures on the left and the right side of the patient and after 1 h was overall without bias, but with wide LoA's. Fluid overload 1 h apart showed the most narrow 95% LoA (−2.4–2.9 L). The same wide limits of agreements were observed when comparing devices. For example, total body water with 95% LoA of −14.8 –16.7 L. Correlations between bioelectrical impedance analysis and clinical measures were low but statistically significant.

Conclusions

In patients with septic shock bioelectrical impedance analysis had no systematic errors or bias, but wide limits of agreement, indicating that the devices have a large and uncorrectable random error. Fluid status by bioelectrical impedance analysis is not sufficiently accurate to guide treatment in this group of patients.     

微创治疗方法在输尿管上段结石中应用进展

输尿管上段结石为临床中常见泌尿系结石类型之一,如不能及时诊治,可引起重度积水、泌尿系感染,甚至脓毒血症,对患者肾功能、健康造成严重影响。随着微创治疗技术在泌尿系结石中应用,微创治疗方法能降低对患者造成治疗性创伤,降低相关并发症发生率,促进患者康复,了解临床中微创治疗输尿管上段结石方法,对临床中合理治疗输尿管上段结石有重要价值。     

热疗对肿瘤免疫微环境中免疫细胞及免疫相关细胞因子的影响

随着对肿瘤热疗和肿瘤免疫微环境(TIME)的深入研究,近年来热疗对TIME的作用越来越受到学者们的重视。本文就目前国内外研究进展,对热疗与TIME中几类主要免疫细胞和免疫相关细胞因子的影响及作用机制作一综述。全面而透彻的了解热疗对TIME的调控作用,有助于为肿瘤治疗提供新的思路和方法。     

乌司他丁辅助治疗重症感染性休克的价值分析

目的探究临床用乌司他丁辅助治疗重症感染性休克的治疗效果。方法90例重症感染性休克患者,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组45例。对照组患者采用西医常规治疗,观察组患者在对照组基础上联合乌司他丁治疗。比较两组患者治疗效果、体温情况、感染情况以及治疗前后白细胞计数、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平、格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分、急性生理功能和慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分。结果治疗后,观察组白细胞计数(7.34±1.32)×10^9/L低于对照组的(9.41±1.16)×10^9/L,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组高热、感染体征发生率分别为97.78%、86.67%,均高于对照组的82.22%、62.22%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组体温恢复时间、感染消失时间分别为(7.19±1.39)、(3.88±0.89)d,均短于对照组的(9.81±1.88)、(10.76±1.57)d,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者血清IL-6为(4.27±0.95)μg/L低于对照组的(9.58±1.07)μg/L,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者GCS评分和APACHEⅡ评分较治疗前均有所改善,GCS评分(8.19±1.59)分、APACHEⅡ评分(8.83±0.82)分均优于对照组的(6.81±1.82)、(14.71±3.52)分,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者治疗总有效率95.56%明显高于对照组的77.78%,差异具有统计学意义(χ^2=6.154,P<0.05)。结论乌司他丁具有较好的抗炎效果,与西医治疗相结合可以提高临床疗效,加快重症感染性休克患者退热速度,缩短感染时间,降低白细胞计数及血清IL-6水平,改善GCS评分和APACHEⅡ评分,临床疗效较好。     

中医尿路排石汤联合体外冲击波碎石治疗上尿路结石的临床观察

目的：探讨中医尿路排石汤联合体外冲击波碎石中西医结合治疗上尿路结石的疗效。方法：回顾分析我院 2012年 6 月—2017 年 6 月治疗的上尿路结石患者 889 例，按治疗方式分为单纯体外冲击波治疗（对照组）与中西医结合治疗（治疗组）。对照组给予常规西医体外冲击波碎石治疗，治疗组采用尿路排石汤联合体外冲击波碎石中西医结合治疗。观察两组治疗效果、住院天数、平均需要碎石次数、腹痛减轻时间、肉眼血尿消失时间。结果：对照组总有效率为 80%，治疗组总有效率为 90%（P<0.05），对照组平均碎石治疗次数为（2.1±1.1）次，治疗组平均碎石治疗次数为（1.4±1.2）次（P<0.05），对照组平均腹痛时间为（3.76±2.24）天，治疗组平均腹痛时间为（3.01±1.54）天（P<0.05）。结论：中西医结合治疗效果优于单独使用体外冲击波碎石术治疗。     

VA‐ECMO Support in Nonsurgical Patients With Refractory Cardiogenic Shock: Pre‐Implant Outcome Predictors

Refractory cardiogenic shock (RCS) is associated with a high mortality. Veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) is increasingly used as acute cardiopulmonary support but selection of VA‐ECMO candidates remains challenging. There are limited data on which pre‐VA‐ECMO variables that predict outcome. The aim of this study was to identify pre‐VA‐ECMO predictors of 90‐day mortality. We retrospectively analyzed 76 consecutive patients (median age 52; interquartile range [IQR]: 37–60) supported with VA‐ECMO due to RCS. The association between pre‐implant variables and all‐cause mortality at 90 days was analyzed with multivariable logistic regression. Main etiologies of RCS were acute myocardial infarction 51% and other AHF etiologies 49%. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed in 54% of patients before initiation of VA‐ECMO. Median duration of VA‐ECMO was 5 days (IQR: 2–11). The 90‐day overall mortality was 49% and in‐hospital mortality was 50%; 46% died on VA‐ECMO, 37% were successfully weaned, 13% were bridged to heart transplantation, and 4% to left ventricular assist device. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified arterial lactate (odds ratio [OR] per mmol/L: 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06–1.24; P = 0.001) and number of inotropes and vasopressors (OR per agent: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.26–3.63; P = 0.005) as independent predictors of 90‐day mortality. In RCS patients arterial lactate level and number of inotropes and vasopressors were identified as independent pre‐VA‐ECMO predictors of 90‐day mortality. Thus, the severity of cardiogenic shock expressed as levels of lactate and vasoactive agents just before start of VA‐ECMO may be more predictive of outcome than the specific etiology of cardiogenic shock.