Contribution of Cardiorespiratory Fitness to the Obesity Paradox

Until recently, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been overlooked as a potential modifier of the inverse association between obesity and mortality (the so-called obesity paradox), observed in patients with known or suspected cardiovascular (CV) disease. Evidence from five observational cohort studies of 30,104 patients (87% male) with CV disease indicates that CRF significantly alters the obesity paradox. There is general agreement across studies that the obesity paradox persists among patients with low CRF, regardless of whether adiposity is assessed by body mass index, waist circumference, or percentage body fat. However, among patients with high CRF, risk of all-cause mortality is lowest for the overweight category in some, but not all, studies, suggesting that higher levels of fitness may modify the relationship between body fatness and survival in patients manifesting an obesity paradox. Further study is needed to better characterize the joint contribution of CRF and obesity on mortality in diverse populations.     

Association of Resistance Exercise With the Incidence of Hypercholesterolemia in Men

Objective

To examine the associations of resistance exercise, independent of and combined with aerobic exercise, with the risk of development of hypercholesterolemia in men.

不同强度有氧运动对糖尿病大鼠血糖及心肌氧自由基的影响

目的探讨不同强度有氧运动对糖尿病大鼠血糖及心肌氧自由基的影响。方法通过高脂饮食饲喂及腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)的方法建立糖尿病大鼠模型40只,随机分为模型组、低强度运动组、中强度运动组、高强度运动组,每组各10只。3个运动组分别给予10 m/min(相当于30%VO2MAX)、15 m/min(相当于50%VO2MAX)、20 m/min(相当于70%VO2MAX)跑台运动,每天运动1小时,每周运动6天,连续6周。随后尾静脉取血,检测空腹血糖(FBG)、血清胰岛素(FINS)、计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR);取大鼠心脏,检测心肌组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)、总一氧化氮合酶(NOS)水平。结果与造模前比较,各组大鼠注射STZ后FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR均升高(P均0.05)。运动治疗6周后,与模型组比较,低强度运动组、中强度运动组、高强度运动组FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR下降(P均0.05);与低、中强度运动组比较,高强度运动组FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR均升高(P均0.05)。运动治疗6周后,各运动组大鼠较模型组MDA和NO水平、NOS活性降低(P0.01),SOD活性升高(P0.05),与低、中强度运动组相比,高强度运动组MDA和NO水平、NOS活性升高(P0.05),SOD活性降低(P0.05)。结论低、中、高强度运动能够有效控制糖尿病大鼠血糖,并使MDA、NO、NOS水平降低,SOD活性升高,对治疗糖尿病心肌病发挥一定作用。     

有氧运动对女性更年期综合征患者激素水平的影响

目的 了解有氧运动对女性更年期综合征患者激素水平的影响.方法 采用放射免疫法,测试了40名参加有氧运动和40名未参加运动的女性更年期综合征患者在卵泡期空腹状态下血清促卵泡激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)和睾酮(T)的基础分泌值.结果 运动组血清E2和T的基础分泌值明显高于非运动组(P＜0.05),而血清P、FSH和LH两组均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论 有氧运动是一种适合女性更年期综合征患者的健身运动.     

Comparison of dietary and smoking habit changes in physical fitness improvers and nonimprovers

Changes in dietary, smoking, and alcohol intake habits of men who voluntarily increased their physical fitness level (n = 532) were compared with men who did not increase physical fitness (n = 390). These men were middle-aged (average age = 43 years), initially sedentary and free of disease, and had been examined twice at a preventive medicine clinic within a 1- to 6-year period. Subjects were retrospectively assigned to two fitness groups--improvers and nonimprovers--based on changes in treadmill performance between baseline and follow-up examinations. Fifteen lifestyle variables were assessed by questionnaire and evaluated for change. At baseline the two groups were similar in demographic variables and diet, differing significantly only in follow-up interval (P less than 0.001), treadmill time (P less than 0.001), whole milk consumption (P less than 0.003), and smoking (P less than 0.001). At follow-up, positive changes in health habits were seen for both groups. Statistically significant differences in health habit change between the groups were seen only for beef (P less than 0.003) and coffee (P less than 0.003) consumption (consumption of both decreasing in more improvers than nonimprovers). Smokers at baseline were less likely to improve their physical fitness. We concluded that individuals who voluntarily increased their physical fitness level were not more likely to change their dietary and alcohol habits than persons who maintained a more sedentary lifestyle.     

Association of Coffee Consumption With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between coffee consumption and mortality from all causes and from cardiovascular disease.Patients and MethodsData from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study representing 43,727 participants with 699,632 person-years of follow-up were included. Baseline data were collected by an in-person interview on the basis of standardized questionnaires and a medical examination, including fasting blood chemistry analysis, anthropometry, blood pressure, electrocardiography, and a maximal graded exercise test, between February 3, 1971, and December 30, 2002. Cox regression analysis was used to quantify the association between coffee consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.ResultsDuring the 17-year median follow-up, 2512 deaths occurred (804 [32%] due to cardiovascular disease). In multivariate analyses, coffee intake was positively associated with all-cause mortality in men. Men who drank more than 28 cups of coffee per week had higher all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.04-1.40). However, after stratification based on age, younger (<55 years old) men and women showed a significant association between high coffee consumption (>28 cups per week) and all-cause mortality after adjusting for potential confounders and fitness level (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.30-1.87 for men; and HR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.26-3.59 for women).ConclusionIn this large cohort, a positive association between coffee consumption and all-cause mortality was observed in men and in men and women younger than 55 years. On the basis of these findings, it seems appropriate to suggest that younger people avoid heavy coffee consumption (ie, averaging >4 cups per day). However, this finding should be assessed in future studies of other populations.     

有氧健身操与普通高校女生心理素质

目的探讨实施有氧健身操对普通高校女生心理素质产生的影响。方法随机抽测新乡市省属普通高校选修有氧健身操课和参加有氧健身操俱乐部的116名女生进行问卷调查。结果在合理的生理负荷下练习有氧健身操对女生心理素质方面有良性影响,如自信心、表现力、自我欣赏能力、健身意识、意志力、承受力等均有不同程度的提高。结论通过练习有氧健身操能有效地提高女生的心理素质,为体育教学提供依据。     

健美操对大学生体像和社会体格焦虑的影响

目的探讨健美操教学对大学生体像、社会体格焦虑的影响。方法于2010年5月利用多维自我体像关系问卷(MBSRQ)和社会体格焦虑量表(SPAS)对西安体育学院09级社会体育系81名大学生进行测试。结果每周2次,每次90 min,持续9周的健美操教学训练对大学生体像、社会体格焦虑各因子均有积极效益,但仅在舒适倾向、健康评估和超重、不舒适感维度(SP)因子上,试验后明显优于实验前;试验前后,男生在舒适倾向、健康评估和超重、SP因子上差异显著;而女生在NE因子上差异显著。试验前后,自我体像低分者和社会体格焦虑高分者差异显著。结论健美操教学能够促进大学生对自我体像的积极评估和降低社会体格焦虑,且对自我体像低分者和社会体格焦虑高分者效果更佳。     

Rubella screening and vaccination follow-up by a hospital employee health office

The data in the present study indicate two major points. One is that the facility under question has an unusually low rate of rubella susceptibility. The other is that the referral of seronegative employees to an outside agency for vaccination (in this case the local CHD) is not nearly as effective, with respect to employee compliance, as an in-house program. Despite the added immediate cost to the hospital for administering the vaccine, the possibility of employee-to-patient transmission of the rubella virus poses the threat of a much higher future cost. It is suggested that facilities that do not currently have an in-house rubella vaccination program should reevaluate the effectiveness of their programs.