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1.
目的了解独生与非独生青少年情绪障碍患者非自杀性自伤(non-suicidal self-injury,NSSI)行为的差异。方法运用三阶段抽样方法,于2020年8月至2020年11月在全国9个省份20家精神疾病医院门诊对529名12~18岁患有情绪障碍伴NSSI行为的青少年进行横断面调查。使用自编量表收集一般人口学信息,使用自伤功能评估问卷、贝克自杀意念量表、凯斯勒心理困扰量表、内隐压力心智量表、感知社会支持的多维度量表、多维学生生活满意度量表和罗森伯格自尊量表收集情绪障碍青少年自伤行为和心理因素相关信息。结果共调查529名患有情绪障碍伴NSSI的青少年,其中独生子女375例,非独生子女154例。独生子女组自伤功能评估问卷总分高于非独生子女组(P<0.05);独生子女组自伤种类及自伤频次高于非独生子女组(P<0.05)。心理特征分析显示,独生子女组自尊得分低于非独生子女组(P<0.05);独生子女组心理困扰得分及抑郁症状得分高于非独生子女组(P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析显示:在独生和非独生的情绪障碍青少年中,其自杀意念得分均与NSSI行为频次呈正相关(P<0.05);自尊水平与独生子女NSSI行为频次呈负相关(P<0.05),压力感知得分与独生子女NSSI行为频次呈正相关(P<0.05);焦虑情绪得分与非独生子女NSSI频次呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论情绪障碍伴NSSI行为的青少年中,独生子女有更多的自伤频次和更差的心理健康状况,因此,情绪障碍伴NSSI行为的独生子女需要更多关注。  相似文献   
2.
Background and purposeType 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes, and prediabetes are increasing in incidence. Adolescents and young adults with diabetes experience psychosocial comorbidities at an increased incidence. As such, exploring interventions that can improve psychosocial and glycemic outcomes are needed. The purpose of this integrative review is to examine and synthesize the literature on mindfulness in adolescents and young adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes or prediabetes.MethodsFour databases were searched during May 2021. Included studies were published between 2000 and 2021, evaluated adolescents and young adults, diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes or prediabetes. Studies were excluded if they were not in English; not original research; evaluated complementary/alternative therapies as a group. To assess for risk of bias, the National Institutes of Health quality assessment tools and the Cochrane Collaboration's tool were utilized. Whittemore and Knafl's (2005) method for conducting an integrative review was utilized to synthesize results.ResultsWe identified 137 articles in our initial search and 74 articles remained after removing for duplicates. Ten articles were included in the review, with 5 including adolescents and young adults with T1D and 5 including adolescents and young adults with prediabetes. No studies evaluated mindfulness in adolescents and young adults with type 2 diabetes.ConclusionMindfulness is an acceptable intervention in adolescents and young adults with T1D and prediabetes, resulting in positive psychosocial and glycemic outcomes. There were issues with feasibility of the intervention and mobile health technology delivery methods should be evaluated.  相似文献   
3.
2019年底开始的2019冠状病毒病(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)疫情在几个月内迅速蔓延全球,2020年3月世界卫生组织宣布为全球疫情。根据美国儿科学会的数据,自疫情暴发以来,已有近1300万儿童确诊为COVID-19。总的来说,儿童和青少年COVID-19的症状比成人轻,病死率也较低。了解儿童和青少年中COVID-19的症状、传染性和传播模式对及时识别可疑患者和采取完善的管控措施具有重要意义。考虑到将来相当一段时间内,总会有一部分儿童尚不能接种疫苗,提高对儿童和青少年COVID-19的临床及流行病学意义认识就显得更重要。该文总结了儿童和青少年COVID-19临床表现的当前认识,分析其流行病学意义,为临床诊治、管理,以及幼儿园和学校等儿童聚集机构制订疫情防控策略提供参考。[中国当代儿科杂志,2022,24(8):846-852]  相似文献   
4.
ObjectivesCancer can have long-term biopsychological impacts for young people that persist for years. To promote adjustment, it is essential to understand how young people cope, yet this is relatively understudied.MethodsThis study explored the coping strategies using semi-structured interviews with 16 young people with cancer aged 15–24 years. Eligible participants were diagnosed within the previous 24 months and recruited through Australian Youth Cancer Services. Transcribed interviews were analysed using content analysis.ResultsCoping strategies included: seeking support; controlling the focus; avoiding negatives and staying positive; meaning making and; changes with time. During treatment, seeking support, focussing on the present, distraction and avoidance were commonly applied. Following treatment, planning for the future, avoidance of re-traumatising situations and meaning making were used.ConclusionFindings support the concept of coping as a dynamic process where different strategies are used depending on the stressor, available resources and previous experiences.Practice ImplicationsComprehensive, developmentally appropriate psychosocial assessments, open communication, education and information provision, as well as appropriate referral for support are essential, particularly for young cancer survivors identified at risk.  相似文献   
5.
目的 探究慢性病青少年及其照护者双视角下,成长过渡期准备水平的变化过程及对彼此生活质量的影响,明确家庭照护适应度在此过程中的调控作用。方法 采用前瞻性研究设计,便利选取2019年3月—9月在上海市2所儿童专科医院的肾病、风湿病和内分泌病房住院的201例慢性病青少年及其照护者作为调查对象。在住院期间、出院后1年和出院后2年,采用一般资料调查问卷、中文版家庭管理测量量表、中文版成长过渡期准备问卷、中文版儿童生存质量测定量表及中文版儿童生命质量家庭影响模块进行调查。采用纵向主-客体互依模型,分析成长过渡期准备水平对慢性病青少年及其照护者生活质量的影响。结果 重复测量方差分析结果显示,慢性病青少年及其照护者视角下的成长过渡期准备水平逐年增高(均P<0.001)。相关分析结果显示,出院后2年慢性病青少年及其照护者视角下的成长过渡期准备水平与彼此生活质量呈正相关(P<0.001)。主-客体互依模型分析结果显示,慢性病青少年视角下的成长过渡期准备水平对其生活质量有正向主体效应(P<0.05);照护者视角下的成长过渡期准备水平对其自身和青少年的生活质量有正向主体、客体效应(P<0.05);家庭照护适应度对青少年及其照护者视角下的成长过渡期准备水平均有正向影响(P<0.05)。结论 慢性病青少年及其照护者双视角下的成长过渡期准备水平能正向预测彼此的生活质量。医护人员应在不同阶段提供有针对性的家庭护理,提高慢性病青少年的自我管理能力,进而提升家庭整体生活质量。  相似文献   
6.
《Jornal de pediatria》2021,97(6):595-602
ObjectiveTo discuss the approach to patients diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in childhood during the transition period from puberty to adulthood, focusing on the following: (1) physiology; (2) effects of recombinant human GH (rhGH) interruption/reinstitution after adult height achievement; (3) re-evaluation of somatrotropic axis; (4) management of rhGH reinstitution, when necessary.Source of dataNarrative review of the literature published at PubMed/MEDLINE until September 2020 including original and review articles, systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Synthesis of dataGrowth hormone is crucial for the attainment of normal growth and for adequate somatic development, which does not end concomitantly with linear growth. Retesting adolescents who already meet the criteria that predict adult GHD with high specificity is not necessary. Patients with isolated GHD have a high likelihood of normal response to GH testing after puberty. Adolescents with confirmed GHD upon retesting should restart rhGH replacement and be monitored according to IGF-I levels, clinical parameters, and complementary exams.ConclusionPatients with isolated idiopathic GHD in childhood are a special group who must be reevaluated for GHD as many of them have normal GH provocative tests upon retesting after puberty. Patients who confirm the persistence of GHD in the transition period should maintain rhGH replacement in order to reach an ideal peak bone mass, satisfactory body composition, lipid and glucose profiles, and quality of life.  相似文献   
7.
The CAV-AEP annually publishes the immunisation schedule considered optimal for all children and adolescent resident in Spain, taking into account the available evidence.The 2 + 1 schedule is recommended (2, 4, and 11 months) with hexavalent vaccines (DTPa-VPI-Hib-HB) and with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate.A 6-year booster is recommended, preferably with DTPa (if available), with a dose of polio for those who received 2 + 1 schemes, as well as vaccination with Tdpa in adolescents and in each pregnancy, preferably between 27 and 32 weeks.Rotavirus vaccine should be systematic for all infants.Meningococcal B vaccine, with a 2 + 1 schedule, should be included in routine calendar.In addition to the inclusion of the conjugated tetravalent meningococcal vaccine (MenACWY) at 12 years of age with catch up to 18 years, inclusive, the CAV recommends this vaccine to be also included at 12 months of age, replacing MenC. Likewise, it is recommended in those over 6 weeks of age with risk factors or who travel to countries with a high incidence of these serogroups.Two-dose schedules for triple viral (12 months and 3-4 years) and varicella (15 months and 3-4 years) will be used. The second dose could be applied as a tetraviral vaccine.Universal systematic vaccination against HPV is recommended, regardless of gender, preferably at 12 years, and greater effort should be made to improve coverage. The 9 genotype extends coverage for both genders.  相似文献   
8.
【摘要】 目的:比较青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)顶椎区相同椎弓根类型在导航及导航校准技术辅助下置钉的精确性及偏出方向,并分析影响导航置钉偏移的相关因素及导航校准技术的临床意义。方法:回顾性分析自2017年10月~2020年10月,在我院明确诊断为AIS并在导航辅助下行经后路脊柱侧凸矫形内固定术治疗的41例患者,依据术中是否使用导航校准技术,将41例患者分为两组:导航组(n=22)和校准组(n=19)。收集两组患者基本信息,记录两组患者Risser征,术前、术后Cobb角,术后1年时矫形率,根据付长峰椎弓根分型系统对两组患者顶椎区椎弓根分型(A、B、C、D、E型),依据Rao分型评估两组相同椎弓根类型的置钉精确性。结果:校准组A、B、C型椎弓根优良置钉率(96.4%、87.8%、84.0%)显著高于导航组(79.2%、70.5%、56.7%),且凹凸双侧0级钉率显著高于导航组,同时校准组B型椎弓根及其凹凸双侧3级钉率(4.1%、2.0%、6.3%)及C型椎弓根凸侧2级钉置钉率(11.1%)显著低于导航组(12.4%、11.1%、13.7%、50.0%),两组间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。此外,校准组A、B、C型椎弓根外侧皮质破壁率(33.3%、33.3%、60.0%)显著低于导航组(64.0%、38.6%、73.1%),同时校准组A型椎弓根椎体前壁穿破率(0.0%)及C型椎弓根凹侧外侧皮质破壁率(66.7%)显著低于导航组(24.0%、77.8%),而B型椎弓根内侧皮质穿破率(41.7%)高于导航组(40.9%),但其凹侧内侧皮质穿破率(36.4%)显著低于导航组(33.3%),两组间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组间均未发生脊髓、神经血管损伤等严重并发症。结论:与传统导航相比,导航校准技术在术中能够有效地预防导航偏移,显著提高AIS顶椎区A、B、C型椎弓根置钉精确性,降低误置螺钉外侧壁穿孔率及B型椎弓根凹侧内侧壁穿孔率,提高手术的安全性。  相似文献   
9.
10.
BACKGROUNDDue to the special clinical features and biologic characteristics of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancers, AYA cancers are different from cancers in children and elderly individuals. However, there are few reports on AYA hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).AIMTo investigate the overall survival (OS) of AYA (15-39 years) and elderly (40-74 years) patients with HCC.METHODSThe data of all the HCC cases were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 2004 to 2015 and were then divided into two groups based on age: AYA group (15-39 years) and older group (40-74 years). Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests were used to compare the OS of the two groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to analyze the OS difference between the two groups. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to perform multivariate analysis to explore the risk factors for OS of HCC patients.RESULTSCompared to elderly cancer patients, AYA patients with HCC had a worse Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results stage, including the distant stage (22.1% vs 15.4%, P < 0.001), and a more advanced American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, including AJCC III and IV (49.2% vs 38.3%, P < 0.001), and were more likely to receive surgery (64.5% vs 47.5%, P < 0.001). Before PSM, the AYA group had a longer survival in months (median: 20.00, interquartile range [IQR]: 5.00-62.50) than the older group (median: 15.00, IQR: 4.00-40.00) (P < 0.001). After PSM, the AYA group still had a longer survival in months (median: 21.00, IQR: 5.00-64.50) than the older group (median: 18.00, IQR: 6.00-53.00) (P < 0.001). The Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that advanced age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.405, 95%CI: 1.218-1.621, P < 0.001) was a risk factor for OS of HCC patients. In the subgroup analysis, the Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that in AJCC I/II HCC patients, advanced age (HR = 1.749, 95%CI: 1.352-2.263, P < 0.001) was a risk factor for OS, while it was not a risk factor in AJCC III/IV HCC patients (HR = 1.186, 95%CI: 0.997-1.410, P = 0.054) before PSM. After PSM, advanced age (HR = 1.891, 95%CI: 1.356-2.637, P < 0.001) was still a risk factor for OS in AJCC I/II HCC patients, but was not a risk factor for OS in AJCC III/IV HCC patients (HR = 1.192, 95%CI: 0.934-1.521, P = 0.157) after PSM.CONCLUSIONAYA patients with HCC have different clinical characteristics from older adults. In different AJCC stages, the two groups of patients have different OS: In AJCC I/II HCC patients, advanced age is a risk factor for OS, but it is not a risk factor for OS in the AJCC III/IV HCC patient group.  相似文献   
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