Comparison study of patient demographics and patient-related risk factors for peri-prosthetic joint infections following primary total shoulder arthroplasty

BackgroundWhile studies have demonstrated favorable outcomes in utilization of primary total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) for the treatment of glenohumeral osteoarthritis (OA), adverse events such as infections can still occur. Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are associated with worse outcomes and patient morbidity. The purpose of this study was to: (1) compare patient demographics amongst TSA patients with and without PJIs following primary TSA; and (2) identify patient-related risk factors for PJIs following primary TSA.MethodsPatients undergoing primary TSA for the treatment of glenohumeral OA were identified using the Mariner administrative claims database by CPT code 23,472. Laterality modifiers were utilized to ensure PJIs were developing in the correct laterality as those patients undergoing primary TSA. Inclusion for the study group consisted of patients who developed PJIs within 2-years after the index procedure, whereas patients who did not develop PJIs served as the comparison cohort. Primary outcomes analyzed included patient demographics and patient-related risk factors for PJIs following primary TSA. A stepwise backwards elimination multivariate binomial logistic regression analyses was performed to determine the odds (OR) of PJIs in patients undergoing primary TSA. A P value less than .05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe query yielded 15,396 patients who underwent primary TSA for glenohumeral OA, of which 191 patients developed PJIs and 15,205 did not develop PJIs. The study found statistically significant differences amongst patients who did and did not develop PJIs following primary TSA with respect to age, sex, and presence of comorbid conditions. Risk factors associated with developing PJIs following primary TSA included: pathologic weight loss (OR: 2.06, P < .0001), obesity (OR: 1.56, P = .0001), male sex (OR: 1.52, P = .007), and peripheral vascular disease (OR: 1.46, P = .022).ConclusionAs the number of primary TSAs for the treatment of glenohumeral OA increase worldwide, identifying modifiable risk-factors to reduce the incidence of infection is critical. The study found various modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with developing PJIs following primary TSA. This study is valuable to orthopedists in order to identify and risk-stratify patients with regard to PJI in the setting of primary TSA for OA.Level of EvidenceLevel III; Case-Control Study     

对比四维子宫输卵管超声造影与子宫输卵管造影评估输卵管通畅性效能:Meta分析

目的 采用Meta分析对比四维子宫输卵管超声造影（4D-HyCoSy）与子宫输卵管造影（HSG）评估输卵管通畅性的效能。方法 系统搜索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方医学网及维普数据库中建库至今有关4D-HyCoSy和/或HSG评估输卵管通畅性的文献。由2名研究人员依据纳入标准和排除标准筛选文献并提取信息；分别计算4D-HyCoSy和HSG评估输卵管通畅性的合并敏感度（SEN）、特异度（SPE）及诊断比值比（DOR），绘制综合受试者工作特征（SROC）曲线，获得曲线下面积（AUC），并以Medcalc 19.1.1统计软件比较AUC。结果 最终纳入19篇文献、1 358例疑似输卵管因素导致不孕患者，其中4篇同时采用4D-HyCoSy及HSG评估输卵管通畅性，10篇仅以4D-HyCoSy评估，5篇仅以HSG评估。Meta分析结果显示，4D-HyCoSy评估输卵管通畅性的合并SEN、SPE及DOR分别为0.92[95%CI（0.91，0.94）]、0.91[95%CI（0.89，0.93）]及115.06[95%CI（54.23，224.10）]；HSG评估输卵管通畅性的合并SEN、SPE及DOR分别为0.84[95%CI（0.81，0.87）]、0.80[95%CI（0.76，0.83）]及28.64[95%CI（10.08，81.35）]。4D-HyCoSy评估输卵管通畅性的AUC为0.98[95%CI（0.96，0.99）]，HSG为0.93[95%CI（0.90，0.95）]，差异有统计学意义（Z=6.97，P<0.01）。结论 4D-HyCoSy评估输卵管通畅性的效能高于HSG。     

深部热疗配合输卵管通水术治疗继发性不孕症的疗效研究

目的:探析对继发性不孕症患者行以深部热疗配合输卵管通水术治疗的疗效。方法:于2018年1月~2019年1月择取某院收治的40例继发性不孕症患者,按照数字奇偶法将其分成对照组和研究组,对照组20例患者予以输卵管通水术治疗,研究组20例患者予以输卵管通水术配合深部热疗治疗,对照分析两组临床效果。结果:从临床总有效率上来看,研究组高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗前两组TNF-α、IL-6对比无统计学差异,治疗后研究组TNF-α、IL-6均优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:对继发性不孕症患者来说,深部热疗配合输卵管通水术治疗的效果显著。     

养精种玉汤辅助体外受精-胚胎移植对排卵障碍性不孕患者的影响

目的：探究养精种玉汤辅助体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）对排卵障碍性不孕患者的影响。方法：选取2016年12月至2017年3月邯郸市中心医院收治的排卵障碍性不孕患者82例作为研究对象，按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组与观察组，每组41例。对照组给予促性腺激素释放激素激动剂（Gn）+控制性促排卵+IVF-ET治疗，观察组在此基础上联合养精种玉汤治疗，至HCG日停止服用。治疗后统计2组Gn使用情况、取卵数及妊娠率；检测并比较HCG日2组子宫内膜容受性指标；比较2组妊娠结局及治疗期间相关不良反应发生情况。结果：观察组Gn使用天数及使用剂量均低于对照组，而妊娠率高于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）；观察组子宫内膜类型为A型患者比例高于对照组，而子宫内膜类型为C型患者比例低于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）；观察组子宫内膜厚度大于对照组，而子宫内膜动脉血流参数PI及RI均低于对照组（P<0.01）；2组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），且治疗期间2组血清肝功能指标及血尿常规检测均未发现异常。结论：养精种玉汤辅助IVF-ET可有效增强排卵障碍性不孕患者子宫内膜容受性，提高患者妊娠率并改善其妊娠结局，具有良好的安全性。     

补肾阳中药治疗促性腺激素缺乏型男性不育的网络分子机制初探

目的初探补肾阳中药治疗促性腺激素缺乏型男性不育的潜在分子机制。方法结合生物信息学方法建立补肾阳中药的成分库、表征美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)批准用于治疗促性腺激素缺乏男性不育的药物靶标库;再应用通路分析软件(ingenuity pathway analysis,IPA)将成分库投影靶标库,筛选出可作用于靶标及通路的成分,预测分子成分功能,构建“成分-靶标”分子网络。结果分别建立了补肾阳中药成分库(242个化合物)与FDA批准药物靶标库(565个靶标),成分库与靶标库投影后发现补肾阳中药成分库中的30个化学成分可直接激活或抑制药物靶标库中的60个靶标,参与缺氧诱导因子1-α(hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha,HIF1α)信号途径,血小板反应蛋白1(thrombospondin 1,TSP1)抑制血管生成途径,芳基烃受体信号途径,孕烷X受体(pregnane X receptor,PXR)/类视黄醇X受体(retinoid X receptor,RXR)激活等18条通路的直接调控。结论本研究构建了补肾阳中药治疗促性腺激素缺乏型男性不育的“成分-靶标”分子网络,分析其治疗效应机制,为补肾阳中药治疗促性腺激素缺乏型男性不育奠定理论基础和实验依据,具有一定的科学意义。     

《傅青主女科》“种子”辨治特色探析

《傅青主女科》为中国清代医家傅山所著,具有鲜明的学术特色,受后世医家推崇,为中医妇科学的继承和发展作出巨大贡献。该书中《种子篇》论治不孕尤具特色,擅抓主症,辨证详明,理法严谨,用药精简。其种子理念重视脏腑辨证,以补肾益精为主,在此基础上注重健脾疏肝养血,交通心肾,灵活应用阴阳、五行学说及经络理论协调各脏腑关系,进而促进孕育,对临证治疗不孕症具有一定的指导意义。     

Improvements in semen parameters in men treated with clomiphene citrate—A retrospective analysis

Clomiphene citrate (CC) is commonly used off‐label for the treatment of male infertility, yet there is limited data to guide patient selection. To identify a subset of patients more likely to benefit from CC, we aimed to define predictors of improvement in semen parameters among men receiving CC. We retrospectively analysed 151 men treated with at least 25 mg CC daily for male infertility and/or hypogonadism at two institutions between 2004 and 2014. Men previously on testosterone were excluded. The primary outcome was change in semen parameters. Variables included baseline patient characteristics, pre‐treatment hormone profiles and pre‐treatment semen analyses. A total of 77 men met inclusion criteria. Median length of therapy was 2.8 months. There was significant improvement in sperm concentration (14–21 million/ml; p = 0.002) and total motile count (TMC; 13–28 million; p = 0.04). One third of patients who began with fewer than 5 million motile spermatozoon improved to a TMC > 5 million, increasing reproductive options to include intrauterine insemination. Patient characteristics, pre‐treatment hormone profile and degree of oligozoospermia did not predict treatment response. While no predictors of improvement were identified, clinically useful response rates are described for use in shared decision‐making.