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1.
AimsTrans fatty acids (TFAs) are unsaturated lipids either of industrial origin or naturally occurring in ruminant meat and milk. TFAs generated through food processing (industrial) is the main source in our diet and studies provide converging evidence on their negative effect on cardiovascular health. Since April 2021, the European Commission has put into effect a regulation for TFAs providing maximum 2% of total fat in all industrially produced foods. In light of this development, we review the evidence regarding the health attributes of different types of TFAs, their dietary sources and current intakes, and we describe the history of TFA-related legislative actions in an attempt to anticipate the efficiency of new measures.Data synthesisThe PubMed database was searched including original research (observational and intervention studies), systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Scientific reports of competent authorities and organizations have also been screened.ConclusionsTrans-fat elimination provides a fine example of how evidence has led to the application of horizontal regulatory measures regarding legal food ingredients in order to protect consumers’ health. In EU Member States, TFAs currently provide on average less than 1% of energy (1%E) and intakes marginally exceed recommendations primarily among young adults. Large dietary surveys however provide evidence for additional, less-well known sources of TFAs in the diet. Raising public awareness of “hidden” trans-fat found naturally in foods such as cheese, as well as of the trans-fat generated through traditional cooking practices is needed, if the goal to eliminate trans-fat from the diet is to be met.  相似文献   
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肝脏屏障是肝脏抵御外源性有害物质侵袭的主要结构,在维持肝脏分泌功能,调控胆汁转运及细胞间信息传递中发挥重要作用。内毒素、炎性因子及胆汁酸等诱发肝脏屏障蛋白改变及屏障功能障碍,可能参与结肠炎性肝病发生。探究结肠炎对肝脏屏障的影响及机制,从肝脏屏障角度阐释结肠炎性肝病的发生机制有望为其防治提供线索和依据。  相似文献   
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the steatosis of liver parenchyma unrelated to alcoholism, autoimmunity, and viral infection. It is also a metabolism-related syndrome, which has an unseparated relationship with adipose tissue dysfunction and obesity. Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is one of the severe complications of chronic liver disease and one of the end-stage syndromes of liver disease. Some researchers have suggested that NAFLD, like other forms of liver injury, may be related to the metabolic disorder of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), which have been approved to be associated with HE influencing ammonia and energy metabolism. However, several studies have revealed the relationship among amino acids in serum, HE, and chronic liver disease; there are few studies on the contents of amino acids in brain tissues of an animal model with NAFLD. In the present research, we established a NAFLD mouse model with C57BL/6 mice and determined the contents of 13 amino acids in brain tissues of model mice by HPLC-FLD derivatization method using ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) to explore the relationship between the contents of amino acids in brain tissues and the progression of NAFLD. Moreover, the study showed that the changes of amino acid contents in the brain of the C57BL/6 mice were associated with the advancement of NAFLD, and this change might be related to the mechanism of HE.  相似文献   
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目的 研究麻杏纤畅酥对便秘小鼠润肠通便与肠道短链脂肪酸的作用。方法 采用复方地芬诺酯构建小鼠便秘模型,将小鼠随机分为5组:正常组、便秘模型组、阳性对照组、麻杏纤畅酥高剂量实验组和低剂量实验组,检测小鼠排便情况、肠道蠕动及粪便中短链脂肪酸含量等指标。结果 与对照组比较,便秘模型组小鼠的首粒黑便时间明显延长(P<0.05),4 h内粪便粒数、质量、含水量和小肠墨汁推进率均明显降低(P<0.05),说明成功构建小鼠便秘模型。与便秘模型组比较,麻杏纤畅酥可以有效减少小鼠首粒黑便时间(P<0.05),并且能增加粪便粒数(P<0.05)、质量(P<0.05)和粪便含水量(P<0.05),促进便秘小鼠小肠墨汁推进 (P<0.05),提高结肠肌层厚度(P<0.05),促进小鼠肠道代谢产生异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸和戊酸。结论 麻杏纤畅酥有效促进便秘小鼠肠道蠕动并缓解了便秘,具有润肠通便的作用,本研究为麻杏纤畅酥的保健功效提供了依据。  相似文献   
6.
随着科技的高速发展,基于核物理的诊断技术和放疗技术在医学中得到广泛应用,但同时也会给人体造成不同程度的损伤。因此,研究和开发能够预防以及治疗辐射损伤的药物意义重大。综述抗辐射天然产物如多糖、黄酮、酚酸、皂苷等的研究进展,并对其研究前景进行展望,为其进一步开发提供参考。  相似文献   
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Background and aimsElevated circulating levels of CathepsinD (CatD) have been linked to metabolic deviations including liver inflammation. We investigated 1) whether supplementation with probiotics and/or fish oil affects CatD and 2) whether the CatD concentration would associate with gestational diabetes (GDM), low-grade inflammation, lipid metabolism, body fat % and dietary composition.Methods and resultsOverweight/obese pregnant women (n = 438) were randomized into fish oil + placebo, probiotics + placebo, fish oil + probiotics or placebo + placebo groups. Fish oil contained 1.9 g docosahexaenoic acid and 0.22 g eicosapentaenoic acid and probiotics were Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001 (formerly Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001) and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420, 1010 colony-forming units each). Serum CatD levels were analysed by ELISA, GlycA and lipid metabolites by NMR, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) by immunoassay, and intakes of energy yielding nutrients and n-3 and n-6 fatty acids from food diaries at both early and late pregnancy. GDM was diagnosed by OGTT. CatD concentrations did not differ between the intervention groups or by GDM status. Multivariable linear models revealed that body fat % and GlycA affected CatD differently in healthy women and those with GDM.ConclusionThe serum CatD concentration of pregnant women was not modified by this dietary intervention. Serum CatD was influenced by two parameters, body fat and low grade inflammation, which were dependent on the woman's GDM status.Clinical trial reg. noNCT01922791, clinicaltrials.gov (secondary analysis).  相似文献   
9.
PurposeCryoablation is a recommended, modern and well-tolerated method of treating atrial fibrillation (AF). The study evaluates plasma biomarkers related to AF and the effectiveness of its treatment – cryoablation. Heart- and adipocyte-type fatty acid binding proteins (H-FABP and A-FABP, respectively) as well as fatty acids (FAs) were assessed in patients that underwent cryoballoon ablation (CBA) for AF.Patients and methodsConcentrations of plasma FABPs and FAs were measured in 33 AF patients on admission and 24 ?h after CBA (enzyme-linked immunoassay and gas liquid chromatography, respectively). The control group consisted of 20 volunteers.ResultsWe showed that plasma H-FABP and A-FABP concentrations were significantly higher in the patients with AF than in the control group (1135 ?pg/mL vs 836 ?pg/mL, and 34.29 ?ng/mL vs 15.14 ?ng/mL, respectively; p ?< ?0.05). After CBA, H-FABP plasma concentration increased even further (1574 ?pg/mL vs 1135 ?pg/mL; p ?< ?0.05) and FAs levels decreased concomitantly. AF recurred in 8 patients (24.25%) after 3 months and in 13 patients (39.4%) after 6 months. Initially higher concentration of oleic acid (680.24 ?± ?189.768 vs 567.04 ?± ?70.002; p ?< ?0.05) correlated substantially with lower AF relapse rate in 6 months follow-up.ConclusionsThe patients with AF showed increased concentration of H-FABP, whereas CBA triggered further elevation of H-FABP with a simultaneous decline in the total plasma FAs concentration. H-FABP and A-FABP could not be confirmed as new biomarkers of cryoablation efficiency, but this requires further investigation due to the limitations of the study.  相似文献   
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