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1.

Purpose

Coronary artery disease is the top cause of death among the Chinese population. With the establishment of a Chinese prediction model, it is urgent to assess factors related to the prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome at extremely high risk.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we enrolled 601 patients assessed as being of extremely high risk, according to specific criteria from the China-PAR (Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk) project, and investigated various clinical parameters using Cox multivariate analysis to establish a risk nomogram. C-index and calibration curves were involved to assess the internal identification. By using the all-cause death risk model, we stratified patients by risk level and compared the effects of clopidogrel and ticagrelor on end points.

Findings

We identified several factors, including body mass index, angiopathy, smoking status, β-blocker usage, history of myocardial infarction, total number of stents, and usage of antiplatelet agents, related to ischemic end points, all-cause death, cardiovascular events, and cardiac death. A C-index of >0.7 and the calibration curve demonstrated good concordance. In a subsequent analysis, we used the all-cause death model to stratify patients by risk level, and compared the effects of clopidogrel and ticagrelor. In the subgroup with a 2-year death rate of >50%, ticagrelor showed a positive effect (P = 0.045), but in the subgroup with a 2-year death rate of <50%, the difference between clopidogrel and ticagrelor was not significant. Considering the duration of effect of antiplatelet agents, we also compared these 2 agents at 1-year follow up, with ticagrelor showing no advantage.

Implications

We determined the probability of ischemic risk in patients at extremely high ischemic risk and developed new risk models for this specific group. Ticagrelor, compared with clopidogrel, may improve the prognosis of patients at high risk for death after 2 years.  相似文献   
2.
Ticagrelor is a cornerstone of modern antithrombotic therapy alongside aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndrome and after percutaneous coronary intervention. Adverse effects such as bleeding and dyspnea have been associated with premature ticagrelor discontinuation, which may limit any potential advantage of ticagrelor over clopidogrel. The randomized trials of ticagrelor captured adverse events, offering the opportunity to more precisely quantify these effects across studies. Therefore, a meta-analysis of 4 randomized clinical trials of ticagrelor conducted between January 2007 and June 2017 was performed to quantify the incidence and causes of premature ticagrelor discontinuation. Among 66,870 patients followed for a median 18 months, premature ticagrelor discontinuation was seen in 25%; bleeding was the most common cause of discontinuation followed by dyspnea. Versus the comparators, the relative risk of dyspnea-related discontinuation during follow-up was 6.4-fold higher, the relative risk of bleeding was 3.2-fold higher, and the relative risk of discontinuation due to any adverse event was 59% higher for patients receiving ticagrelor. Understanding these potential barriers to adherence to ticagrelor is crucial for informed patient-physician decision making and can inform future efforts to improve ticagrelor adherence. This review discusses the incidence, causes, and biological mechanisms of ticagrelor-related adverse effects and offers strategies to improve adherence to ticagrelor.  相似文献   
3.
目的 探讨替格瑞洛联合瑞舒伐他汀对急性ST抬高心肌梗死患者心功能和血清学指标的影响。方法 选择2018年1月—2019年5月选择在宝鸡市中医医院诊治的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者150例作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组和观察组,每组各75例。对照组患者在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术前7 d和术后口服瑞舒伐他汀钙片,10 mg/d。观察组在对照组治疗的基础上口服替格瑞洛片,90 mg/次,1次/d。两组均治疗观察3个月。比较两组患者治疗前后的6 min步行距离(6 MWT)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内经(LVESD)、左室间隔厚度(LVIVS)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、N末端脑钠肽原(NT-proBNP)和超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平和主要心血管事件(MACE)发生情况。结果 两组治疗后的6 MWT值都显著高于治疗前(P<0.05),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组治疗前后的LVEDD、LVESD、LVIV、LVPWT对比无统计学意义。两组治疗后的血清NT-proBNP、hs-CRP水平都显著低于治疗前(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组治疗期间的MACE发生率为5.3%,显著低于对照组的18.7%(P<0.05)。结论 替格瑞洛联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗急性ST抬高心肌梗死能抑制NT-proBNP、hs-CRP的释放,提高患者的6 MWT值,减少MACE的发生。  相似文献   
4.
BackgroundTHEMIS (The Effect of Ticagrelor on Health Outcomes in Diabetes Mellitus Patients Intervention Study) (n = 19,220) and its pre-specified THEMIS-PCI (The Effect of Ticagrelor on Health Outcomes in Diabetes Mellitus Patients Intervention Study-Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) (n = 11,154) subanalysis showed, in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (median duration 10.0 years; HbA1c 7.1%) and stable coronary artery disease without prior myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke, that ticagrelor plus aspirin (compared with placebo plus aspirin) produced a favorable net clinical benefit (composite of all-cause mortality, MI, stroke, fatal bleeding, and intracranial bleeding) if the patients had a previous percutaneous coronary intervention.ObjectivesIn these post hoc analyses, the authors examined whether the primary efficacy outcome (cardiovascular death, MI, stroke: 3-point major adverse cardiovascular events [MACE]), primary safety outcome (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction–defined major bleeding) and net clinical benefit varied with diabetes-related factors.MethodsOutcomes were analyzed across baseline diabetes duration, HbA1c, and antihyperglycemic medications.ResultsIn THEMIS, the incidence of 3-point MACE increased with diabetes duration (6.7% for ≤5 years, 11.1% for >20 years) and HbA1c (6.4% for ≤6.0%, 11.8% for >10.0%). The relative benefits of ticagrelor plus aspirin on 3-point MACE reduction (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.90; p = 0.04) were generally consistent across subgroups. Major bleeding event rate (overall: 1.6%) did not vary by diabetes duration or HbA1c and was increased similarly by ticagrelor across all subgroups (HR: 2.32; p < 0.001). These findings were mirrored in THEMIS-PCI. The efficacy and safety of ticagrelor plus aspirin did not differ by baseline antihyperglycemic therapy. In THEMIS-PCI, but not THEMIS, ticagrelor generally produced favorable net clinical benefit across diabetes duration, HbA1c, and antihyperglycemic medications.ConclusionTicagrelor plus aspirin yielded generally consistent and favorable net clinical benefit across the diabetes-related factors in THEMIS-PCI but not in the overall THEMIS population.  相似文献   
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6.
Higher sympathetic activity predisposes to malignant ventricular arrhythmias in the context of myocardial infarction (MI). This is, in part, mediated by the electrical activity of the stellate ganglion (SG). The aim of this study is to examine the effects of ticagrelor pretreatment on the electrophysiological properties of SG neurons following MI in rabbits. MI was induced by isoproterenol (ISO) of 150 mg kg-1 d-1 (twice at an interval of 24 hours). Ticagrelor pretreatment was administered at low- (10 mg kg-1 d-1) or high-dose (20 mg kg-1 d-1). Protein and RNA expression were determined by immunohistochemical analysis and real-time PCR, respectively. The activity of sodium channel current (INa), delayed rectifier potassium current (IKDR), M-type potassium current (IKM) as well as action potentials (APs) from SG neurons were measured by whole-cell patch-clamp. Intracellular calcium concentrations were measured by confocal microscopy. Compared with the control group, the MI group exhibited a greater amplitude of INa, IKDR and IKM, significantly altered activation and inactivation characteristics of INa, no significant alterations in protein or mRNA expression of sodium and M-type potassium channels, along with higher AP amplitude and frequency and intracellular calcium concentrations. Most of these abnormalities were prevented by pretreatment with low- or high-dose ticagrelor. Our data suggest that ticagrelor exerts cardioprotective effects, potentially through modulating the activity of different ion channels in SG neurons.  相似文献   
7.
目的 探讨 CYP2C19基因多态性联合血小板功能检测指导下的抗血小板药物选择对经皮冠状动脉介入术(percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention,PCI) 治疗后患者临床预后的影响。方法 选取2017 年10月至 2018年2月因冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病就诊并成功完成PCI的患者200例,最终纳入符合条件并完成随访的患者190例。根据基因型将患者分为氯吡格雷正常代谢型(超快代谢型和快代谢型)和异常代谢型(中间代谢型和慢代谢型)两组。根据治疗后血小板聚集率将患者分为氯吡咯雷正常反应型(clopidogrel normal reaction,NCR,最大血小板聚集率<46)和氯吡咯雷抵抗型(clopidogrel low reaction,LCR,最大血小板聚集率≥46)。结合基因型及血小板聚集率的检测结果,将基因型为正常代谢型+氯吡咯雷正常反应型患者分为A组,正常代谢型+氯吡咯雷抵抗型或异常代谢型+氯吡咯雷正常反应型患者归为B组,异常代谢型+氯吡咯雷抵抗型患者为C组。A组及B组给予阿司匹林+氯吡格雷抗血小板治疗,C组给予阿司匹林+替格瑞洛抗血小板治疗。随访3组12个月内主要不良心血管事件及出血事件的发生率。结果 3组患者一般临床资料(性别、年龄、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症),临床用药[血管紧张素受体转换酶抑制剂(angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor,ACEI)/血管紧张素受体阻滞剂(angiotension receptor blocker,ARB)、β受体阻滞剂、钙离子拮抗剂(calcium-channel antagonist,CCB)、质子泵抑制剂、硝酸酯类药物],随访1年时常规血液生物化学指标(肌酐、尿酸、转氨酶),PCI基本特征(多支病变、支架植入数量、支架直径、支架长度)等方面,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);3组总不良心血管事件(major adverse cardiovascular event, MACE)发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中靶血管再次血运重建,C组发生率降低,主要出血事件均为0;3组呼吸困难不良反应发生率,C组较A、B两组升高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 通过CYP2C19基因型联合血小板功能检测共同筛选出的氯吡咯雷低反应患者给予阿司匹林联合替格瑞洛抗血小板治疗可以降低不良心血管事件的发生,并不增加出血事件的发生率,能够改善患者的预后。  相似文献   
8.
目的 对比不同剂量替格瑞洛联合美托洛尔缓释片治疗老年冠心病不稳定心绞痛的效果。方法 2016年1月—2018年3月选择在宝鸡市中心医院诊治的老年冠心病不稳定心绞痛患者136例,根据治疗方法的不同分为观察组80例与对照组56例。对照组给予口服美托洛尔缓释片+大剂量替格瑞洛治疗,观察组给予口服美托洛尔缓释片+小剂量替格瑞洛治疗,两组都用药观察4周。比较两组临床疗效、心功能、炎症因子水平及预后情况。结果 治疗后观察组与对照组的总有效率分别为96.3%和96.4%,两组对比差异无统计学意义。两组治疗后的左心室射血分数(LVEF)值高于治疗前,左心室舒张末期半径(LVEDD)值低于治疗前,对比差异都有统计学意义(P<0.05),组间对比差异无统计学意义。两组治疗后的血清白介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)都低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且观察组也都显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访6个月,观察组的再发心绞痛、心肌梗死、冠脉再狭窄、心力衰竭等并发症发生率(3.8%)显著低于对照组(19.6%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 小剂量替格瑞洛联合美托洛尔缓释片治疗老年冠心病不稳定心绞痛也能改善患者的心功能,提高治疗效果,且能更加有效抑制炎症因子的释放,降低远期并发症的发生。  相似文献   
9.
10.
目的观察替格瑞洛在老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术(percutaneous coronary artery intervention,PCI)中的疗效和安全性。方法 2013年4月至2014年10月行急诊PCI术的60岁以上STEMI患者113例,采用数字表法随机分为负荷量替格瑞洛组(57例)和氯吡格雷组(56例),分别给予300 mg阿司匹林和180 mg替格瑞洛嚼服及300 mg阿司匹林和600 mg氯吡格雷嚼服。观察并比较2组患者急诊PCI术后无复流情况及术后1个月内主要心脏不良事件(major adverse cardiovascular events,MACE)发生率及出血、呼吸困难及恶性心律失常的发生率。结果替格瑞洛组无复流发生率以及术后1个月MACE的发生率均低于氯吡格雷组(P<0.05);而2组主要出血、恶性心律失常的发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在老年STEMI患者的急诊PCI治疗中,应用替格瑞洛抗栓疗效显著,且安全性较好。  相似文献   
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