Acute Myocardial Infarction From Embolized Left Ventricular Thrombus in Coronavirus Disease 2019

A 44-year-old man with a late presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia developed a left ventricular apical thrombus resulting in an asymptomatic anterior myocardial infarction due to extensive thrombosis of the left anterior descending artery. There are increasing reports of thrombotic complications in patients infected with COVID-19. This case highlights the risk of thrombotic events caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related corona virus-2 and the associated challenges in management. The objective of this case report is to generate primary literature and raise awareness and appreciation for cardiac manifestations of COVID-19.     

Atypical and secondary hemolytic uremic syndromes have a distinct presentation and no common genetic risk factors

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滋阴益肾法治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜疗效及对患者血清IL-4、IL-6和免疫功能的影响

目的: 探讨滋阴益肾法治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)的疗效及对血清IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α及免疫功能的影响。方法:选取ITP患者84例,随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各42例。对照组采用口服泼尼松片治疗,观察组在对照组用药基础上给予滋阴益肾法治疗。比较两组临床疗效,治疗前后IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α、外周血T淋巴细胞亚群(CD₃⁺、CD₄⁺、CD₈⁺、CD₄⁺ /CD₈⁺)及免疫球蛋白水平变化情况。结果:两组治疗后中医症候积分明显降低,观察组优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组总有效率95.24%高于对照组78.57%(P<0.05); 两组治疗后PLT计数均明显升高、PAIgG表达水平降低,观察组更明显(P<0.05); 两组治疗前IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α及外周血T淋巴细胞亚群水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); 治疗后CD₃⁺、CD₄⁺、CD₄⁺ /CD₈⁺均升高,IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α、CD₈⁺均降低(P<0.05); 观察组治疗后CD₃⁺、CD₄⁺、CD₄⁺ /CD₈⁺均高于对照组,IL-4、IL-6、TNF-α、CD₈⁺均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组的血清IgA和IgG水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05),而血清IgM水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组不良反应情况比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论: 滋阴益肾法可显著降低ITP患者血清IL-4、IL-6等因子水平,提高患者免疫能力。     

滤泡辅助性T细胞及半乳糖缺乏的IgA1在儿童过敏性紫癜中的表达及意义

目的 探讨滤泡辅助性T（Tfh）细胞和半乳糖缺乏的IgA1（Gd-IgA1）在儿童过敏性紫癜（HSP）发病机制中的作用及两者之间的相关性。方法 选取初发HSP患儿36例，根据是否发生紫癜性肾炎（HSPN）分为HSPN组（11例）和非HSPN组（25例）。另选取15例门诊体检儿童作为健康对照组。采用流式细胞术检测外周血中Tfh细胞（CD4⁺CXCR5⁺ICOS⁺）比例。采用ELISA法检测外周血中IL-21、IL-6、血清IgA1、血清Gd-IgA1表达水平。采用Pearson相关分析法分析HSP组患儿血清Gd-IgA1浓度与Tfh细胞比例及其相关因子的相关性。结果 HSPN和非HSPN组患儿外周血Tfh细胞比例及IL-21、IL-6表达水平较健康对照组升高（P < 0.05），HSPN组上述指标较非HSPN组亦明显上升（P < 0.05）。HSPN和非HSPN组患儿血清中IgA1、Gd-IgA1表达水平较健康对照组升高（P < 0.05），HSPN组患儿血清IgA1和Gd-IgA1水平较非HSPN组亦明显升高（P < 0.05）。HSP组患儿血清Gd-IgA1水平与Tfh细胞比例及IL-21、IL-6水平均呈显著正相关关系（P < 0.05）。结论 Tfh细胞及其相关细胞因子和血清Gd-IgA1共同参与HSP/HSPN的发生。Tfh细胞可能介导了Gd-IgA1生成增加。     

过敏性紫癜性肾炎方药规律及中医证候分析

目的：通过对1993年1月至2019年12月CNKI、VIP、WanFang收录的中医治疗过敏性紫癜性肾炎的文献进行整理分析，探讨中医辨证论治本病的证候和方药规律。方法：采用SPSS 25.0统计软件，对文献中证候、方剂以及药物进行统计归类，总结各证候、方剂、药物出现的频次和所占比例，对药物和临床症状进行聚类分析。结果：共纳入文献93篇，通过整理分析得出39个中医证候，其中脾肾两虚、风盛血热、气不摄血、阴虚火旺、气阴两虚等为中医常见证候；证候要素分析：血热、风热、瘀血、湿热为常见实性病机；肾虚、脾虚、阴虚、气虚为常见虚性病机；病位主要在肾、脾、肺、肝四脏；共得方剂145首，其中自拟方53首，成方92首，二者以补益剂、清热剂、理血剂、祛风剂为主；中药206味，分为13类，以生地黄、牡丹皮、赤芍、当归、茯苓等为常用药。结论：过敏性紫癜性肾炎的病位在肾、脾、肺、肝；风、热、湿、毒、瘀、虚为本病的主要病机。在临床用药中以补虚药、活血药、清热解毒药、利水渗湿药为主，兼以应用祛风药；治疗中应采用中医辨证与辨病相结合的方式。     

Successful plasma exchange in a 34-year-old woman with diabetic ketoacidosis and a thrombotic microangiopathy

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a rare complication reported in the pediatric setting. We report a case of an adult patient with new-onset DM, DKA, and TMA who was treated successfully with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). The patient underwent five procedures and experienced quick recovery in her platelet count and a near-normalization of her LDH. Within 3 days, ADAMTS13 activity was reported at 40.7% (>66.8%). After a protracted hospital course, mostly focused on treating the patient's bilateral hemorrhagic chemosis, the patient was discharged on hospital day 30. TMA is associated with a spectrum of diseases such as TTP and sepsis but, to our knowledge, it has not been reported in the setting of DKA in an adult patient. Evidence supports that metabolic alterations associated with DKA and its treatment disrupt basal hemostatic mechanisms and promote a thrombotic state. Although ADAMTS13 activity was only moderately decreased, our patient responded rapidly to TPE, with a striking increase and stabilization of her PLT count that was durable beyond discharge. As reported recently, patients who have TMA with ADAMTS13 activity levels >10% have a range of diagnoses, presentations, and outcomes. Although the underlying microangiopathic process is incompletely understood, these patients may respond well to TPE, as was seen in this case.